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Integrated Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrient Management inTropical Agro-Ecosystems:A Review

Pedosphere 2017年第4期27卷 662-680页

作者： getachew agegnehu Tilahun AMEDE College of Science and Engineering and Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science James Cook University Townsvill QLD 4811Australia International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics ICRISATAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia

The greatest challenge for tropical agriculture is land degradation and reduction in soil fertility for sustainable crop and livestock *** problems include soil erosion,nutrient mining,competition for biomass for multiple uses,limited application of inorganic fertilizers,and limited capacity of farmers to recognize the decline in soil quality and its consequences on *** soil fertility management(ISFM) is an approach to improve crop yields,while preserving sustainable and long-term soil fertility through the combined judicious use of fertilizers,recycled organic resources,responsive crop varieties,and improved agronomic practices,which minimize nutrient losses and improve the nutrient-use efficiency of *** fertility and nutrient management studies in Ethiopia under on-station and on-farm conditions showed that the combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased crop yields compared to either alone in tropical *** benefits were more apparent when fertilizer application was accompanied by crop rotation,green manuring,or crop residue *** combination of manure and NP fertilizer could increase wheat and faba bean grain yields by 50%–100%,whereas crop rotation with grain legumes could increase cereal grain yields by up to 200%.Although organic residues are key inputs for soil fertility management,about 85% of these residues is used for livestock feed and energy;thus,there is a need for increasing crop *** main incentive for farmers to adopt ISFM practices is economic *** success of ISFM also depends on research and development institutions to provide technical support,technology adoption,information dissemination,and creation of market incentives for farmers in tropical agro-ecosystems.

关键词： crop rotation, crop yield, food security, integrated soil fertility management, organic sources, nutrient-use efficiency,sustainability

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Quantitative analysis of morphometry on Ribb and Gumara watersheds: Implications for soil and water conservation

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第2期7卷 150-157页

作者： Daniel Asfaw getachew Workineh Debre Tabor University Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Ethiopia Debre Tabor University Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Ethiopia

Morphometric analysis is a quantitative measurement and mathematical analysis of *** plays a significant role in understanding the geohydrological characteristics of a drainage basin in relation to the terrain feature and its flow *** also helps to estimate the incidence of infiltration and runoff,and other related hydrological character of a watershed like erosion and sediment transport which has a strong implication for natural resource *** study has attempted to quantify the morphometric characteristics of Guna-Tana watershed for proper implementation of soil and water conservation *** (DEM) was used for extracting morphometric *** watershed covers a total area of 3601.5 km2 and it has a basin length of 78.89 *** has been tried to generate morphometric parameters which account basin drainage network,geometry,drainage texture,and relief characteristics together with hypsometric *** morphometric analysis of drainage density of the study watershed is 0.49 km/km2 which indicates the basin is highly permeable and result with better underground water storage *** number is 0.02 that implies the area is less prone to soil *** addition,it has stream frequency of 0.32 and form factor 0.57 which indicates slightly elongated basin *** analysis of its sub watersheds Gumara and Ribb was also ***,practicing soil and water conservation in the watershed could enhance/strengthen the water storage capacity,prevent sediment loss and related natural resource from the watershed that rehabilitate its productivity.

关键词： Morphometric analysis Drainage density Guna-Tana watershed Soil and water conservation

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Changes and drivers of afro-alpine forest ecosystem: future trajectories and management strategies in Bale eco-region, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 436-448页

作者： Adane Mezgebu getachew Workineh Hawassa University HawassaEthiopia Debre Tabor University Debre TaborEthiopia

Introduction:Ecosystem change and respective conservation needs were at top priority areas in the globe especially at biodiversity hotspot zones and places of endemism like Bale *** this aspect,this study had tried to assess historical landscape changes of afro-alpine forest ecosystem with its respective driving forces and effectiveness of different institutional arrangements to protect this ***:The study utilized satellite imagery from Landsat series starting from 1986 to 2016,ground truth data from GPS-based field survey,focus group discussions,and reconnaissance field *** landscape maps were prepared with a mix of supervised and unsupervised image classification *** landscape change simulation was undertaken by using cellular automata modeling on Dynamic Environment for Geoprocessing Objects(Dinamica EGO)*** areal change and transition of landscape elements,level of ecosystem fragmentation was assessed with FRAGSTAT ***:Results have shown that there is encroachment of human-induced land use patterns especially agriculture and grazing while closed canopy forest and woodland ecosystems have decreased in their *** outputs for the coming three decades have also shown similar patterns with historical *** changes in areal extent,landscape matrix analysis results indicated that there is increasing class and landscape level fragmentation both in its historical and future probable *** of different management strategies at different institutional arrangement were differ in their effectiveness that federal and regional government were not able to curve landscape ***:In conclusion,increasing population pressure and weak policy implementation and legal enforcement has caused threats for alpine forest ecosystem in Bale *** participatory forest management,management strategies at different institutional arrangements were failed to

关键词： Afro-alpine ecosystem Bale eco-region Fragmentation FRAGSTAT Landscape change Management strategies Remote sensing Simulation

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Effect of inorganic and organic fertilizers on productivity of groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.)varieties in East Hararghe,Eastern Ethiopia

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Oil Crop Science 2022年第3期7卷 112-121页

作者： getachew Bekele Nigussie Dechassa Tamado Tana Department of Plant Sciences Bedele College of Agriculture and Forestry Mettu UniversityEthiopia School of Plant Sciences College of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesHaramaya UniversityEthiopia

Groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is a high economic value oil crop commonly grown in low-land semi-arid areas of *** crop production is constrained by low soil fertility;however,the nutrient management practice has been given low *** study was therefore conducted during the main cropping season of 2015/2016 at Babile and Fedis sites of East Hararghe,Ethiopia to evaluate the growth,nodulation,and yield response of groundnut varieties to the application of combined mineral nitrogen,phosphorus,and vermicompost fertilizers,and *** consisted of a factorial combination of three varieties(Ba-ha-Gudo,Ba-ha-Jidu,and Roba);three fertilizers combinations(0:0 kg N:POhawith no VC,46:46 kg N:POhawith no VC,and 46:46 kg N:POhawith 2.5 t VC ha);and three rates of Zn(0,5,and 10 kg Zn ha)in a randomized complete block design at both *** growth,nodulation,yield components,and yield data were subjected to analysis by *** result revealed that plant height was significantly affected by variety and fertilizers combination,the number of branches plant-1affected by the interaction of variety and fertilizers combination while canopy spread and nodulation parameters were affected by the interaction of variety,fertilizers combination,and Zn *** plant-1and hundred seed weight,dry biomass,pod and seed yields,and seed oil content were significantly affected by the interaction of variety,fertilizers combination,and Zn *** highest dry biomass(7.26 t ha),pod(3.13 t ha),seed(2.16 t ha)yields and seed oil content(51.3%),net benefit($1704.2 ha)with a marginal rate of return of 242%were obtained from variety Ba-ha Gudo received the combined application of 46:46 kg N:POhaand 2.5 t VC hawith 5 kg Zn ***,it can be concluded that the Ba-ha Gudo variety is preferably produced using the combined application of 46:46 kg N:POhaand 2.5 t VC hawith 5kg Zn hafor high productivity in the study sites and similar agro-ecologies.

关键词： Fertilizers combination Oil content Vermicompost Zinc

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Growth,yield,yield components,and grain qualities of groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.)as affected by liming and phosphorus rates in southwest Ethiopia

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Oil Crop Science 2023年第3期8卷 165-173页

作者： getachew Bekele Tinsae Birhanu Faska Terefe Department of Plant Sciences Bedele College of AgricultureMattu UniversityEthiopia Departmet of Horticulture Bedele College of AgricultureMattu UniversityEthiopia

Two field experiments were conducted in the main seasons of 2021/22 at the farmers'farm in two districts of southwest Ethiopia to investigate the effects of lime and phosphorus on groundnut yield and yield components,employing four levels of lime(0,2,4,and 6 t CaCO_(3)ha^(-1))and phosphorus(0,46,69,and 92 kg P_(2)O_(5)ha^(-1))arranged in factorial RCBD design with three *** on the yield and its components were collected and subjected to an ANOVA using SAS *** result demonstrated that plant height,number of branches,canopy spread,and shelling percentage were affected significantly by liming while effective nodule number,total peg,matured pod,and pod yield of groundnut significantly influenced by the main factors and their *** combined application of 4 t lime and 46 kg P_(2)O_(5)ha^(-1)resulted in the highest number of effective nodules(147.23 plant^(-1)),total pod(72.6 plant^(-1)),mature pod(62.4 plant^(-1)),pod yield(4.49 t ha^(-1)),oil content(50.6%)and protein content(33.1%)whereas the lowest values of these parameters were seen in plots where neither lime nor phosphorus was ***,it is advised that groundnut growers in the study areas,and similar agroecologies,apply the combination of 4 t lime and 46 kg P_(2)O_(5)ha^(-1).

关键词： Combined application Lime Oil content Phosphorus Yield

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Erosion risk assessment:A contribution for conservation priority area identification in the sub-basin of Lake Tana,north-western Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 46-61页

作者： Daniel Asfaw Bekele getachew Workineh Gella Mulualem Asfaw Ejigu Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia Geospatial Data and Technology Center(GDTC) Bair Dar UniversityEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debre Tabor UniversityEthiopia

Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem arising from agricultural intensification and landscape *** land management coupled with intense rainfall has intricated the problem in most parts of the Ethiopian *** loss costs a profound amount of the national ***,quantifying soil loss and prioritizing areas for conservation is imperative for proper planning and resource ***,this study has modeled the mean soil loss and annual sediment yield of the Gumara *** 5 TM,Landsat 7ETM+,and Landsat 8 OLI were used for land use land cover(LULC)change *** these,other datasets related to rainfall,digital soil map,Digital Elevation Model,reference land use,and cover(LULC)ground truth points were used to generate parameters for modeling soil *** watershed was classified into five major land-use classes(water body,cultivated land,grazing land,built-up and forest and plantation)using a maximum likelihood algorithm covering a period of the last 30 years(1988-2019).The mean annual soil loss and sediment yield were quantified using RUSLE,Sediment delivery ratio(SDR),and Sediment Yields models(SY).The analysis result unveils that within the past 30 years,the watershed has undergone significant LULC changes from forest&plantation(46.33%)and grazing land to cultivated land(31.59%)with the rate of-1.42km^(2)yr^(-1) and-2.80km^(2)yr^(-1) *** the same vein,the built-up area has expanded to cultivated and grazing ***,nearly 15%(207 km2)of the watershed suffered from moderate to very severe soil *** average,the watershed losses 24.2t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) of soil and yields 2807.02t ha^(-1) yr^(-1) ***,the watershed losses 385,157t ha^(-1)yr^(-1) soil from the whole study *** the admir-ative districts,Farta(Askuma,Giribi,Mahidere Mariam and Arigo kebeles),Fogera(Gazen Aridafofota and Gura Amba kebeles),East Este(Witimera kebele),and Dera(Gedame Eyesus and Deriana Wechi

关键词： Phrases Erosion Sediment yield Landscape GIS Cumara watershed

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Reconsidering Plant Breeders'Rights Proclamation No.481/2006 of EthiopiaLessons from India and China

Reconsidering Plant Breeders'Rights Proclamation No.481/2006...

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作者： GOBENA,GASHAW getachew 华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

植物品种保护制度作为知识产权制度的一部分,旨在鼓励创造多样化的知识产品,并保护创造者对其成果的人身和财产权利,以及公众获得这些智力创造成果的权利。设立与植物育种有关的专有权利的正当性在于为培育新的、更好的植物品种提供了... 详细信息

植物品种保护制度作为知识产权制度的一部分,旨在鼓励创造多样化的知识产品,并保护创造者对其成果的人身和财产权利,以及公众获得这些智力创造成果的权利。设立与植物育种有关的专有权利的正当性在于为培育新的、更好的植物品种提供了激励。这一制度建立在如下的假设中:植物品种保护制度将促进植物新品种的开发并使农民可获得多样化的种子或者繁殖材料。在埃塞俄比亚,最近才出现知识产权的保护问题。埃塞俄比亚在2006年作出的第481/2006号《育种者权利宣言》将植物品种权引入本国,这一宣言扩大了埃塞俄比亚知识产权的客体范围与法律制度。虽然第481/2006号《育种者权利宣言》是扩大埃塞俄比亚知识产权保护制度范围的重要一步,但要使该宣言达到其目标并形成TRIPS协定规定的“有效的特殊制度”,还需要对一些问题作出重新思考。因此,本论文对现有的植物品种保护制度进行了研究,并基于国际和区域性法律文件以及其他对植物品种采取“有效的特殊制度”的国家的经验,提出了解决问题的办法。

关键词：植物品种保护 “有效的特殊保护制度”

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Identification of system vulnerabilities in the Ethiopian electric power system

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Global Energy Interconnection 2018年第3期1卷 358-365页

作者： Moges Alemu Tikuneh getachew Biru Worku Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Debre Berhan University School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa University

The Ethiopian Electric Power(EEP) has been operating and managing the national interconnected power system with dispersed and geographically isolated generators, a complex transmission system and loads. In recent years, with an increasing load demand due to rural electrification and industrialization, the Ethiopian power system has faced more frequent, widely spread and long lasting blackouts. To slash the occurrence of such incidents, identifying the system vulnerabilities is the first step in this direction. In this paper, the vulnerability assessment is performed using indices called active power performance index(PIp) and voltage performance index(PIv). These indices provide a direct means of comparing the relative severity of the different line outages on the system loads and voltage profiles. Accordingly, it is found that the most severe line outages are those lines that interconnect the high load centered(Addis Ababa and Central regions) with the rest of the regional power systems. In addition, the most vulnerable buses of the network in respect of voltage limit violations are mainly found at the high load centers.

关键词： Power grids power systems vulnerability assessment transmission system

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Potential drug–drug interactions in pediatric wards of Gondar University Hospital,Ethiopia:A cross sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第6期6卷 534-538页

作者： Henok getachew Mohammed Assen Feser Dula Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Department of Clinical Pharmacy School of PharmacyCollege of Medical and Health ScienceUniversity of Gondar Department of Hospital Pharmacy Drug Information Center and Clinical Pharmacy UnitGondar University Hospital

Objective: To determine the prevalence, level of severity of potential drug–drug interactions(PDDIs) and the associated factors for PDDIs in hospitalized pediatric patients of Gondar University ***: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months from March to May 2014 in pediatric wards of Gondar University Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select charts from all pediatric patients' charts with every 7th interval to get sample size of 384. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to compute crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio respectively. Statistical significance was set at P value < ***: A total of 176(45.8%) patients had at least one PDDI. A total of 393 PDDIs,which were comprised of 283 types of interacting combinations, were identified. Of the total of 393 PDDIs, most were of moderate severity [201(51%)] followed by minor [152(39%)] and major severity [40(10%)]. The most common interacting pairs of major severity were gentamicin + furosemide(6), cotrimoxazole + methotrexate(4) and phenytoin + artemether(4). The occurrence of PDDIs was significantly associated with age and ***: The study showed that most of the interactions had moderate severity followed by minor severity. Age and polypharmacy were found to show statistically significant association with the occurrence of PDDIs. Due to sensitive nature of pediatrics population, close monitoring is recommended for the detection and management of PDDIs to prevent its negative consequences.

关键词： Potential drug–drug interaction Pediatric ward Prevalence Ethiopia

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Autotransformer fed traction power supply system: analysis, modeling and simulation

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Global Energy Interconnection 2018年第2期1卷 187-196页

作者： getachew Biru Worku Asegid Belay Kebede Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

For many decades, Ethiopia had been using a meter gauge railway from Addis Ababa to the red sea port of Djibouti. Currently, the century old railway is completely replaced by a brand new standard gauge electrified railway line aiming to connect the country to the global market by guaranteeing a unified access to different regions of the country. In order to meet modern railway standards, a 1 x 25 kV catenary system is adopted in Ethio-Djibouti railway line corridor. In this paper, an alternative and a more superior 2 x 25 kV traction power supply system is presented. The modeling and analysis of the 2 x 25 kV traction supply system including the traction load, the substation power transformer, the autotransformer(AT), the catenary line impedance, etc., are performed. In addition, in order to validate the benefits of the proposed system, a comparative analysis of the two types of traction power supply arrangement has been conducted using MATLAB simulation. The analysis focuses on evaluating the voltage profiles of both power supply configurations on the basis of BS EN 50163:2004 international standard.

关键词： Renewable energy System planning Traction power supply Voltage profile Autotransformer

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