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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2317-2326页

作者： Hang Gao Jian Zhang Li Liu Lijun Fu Yan Zhao germán mazza Xin Zhang Beijing Academy of Food Sciences 100068 BeijingChina Institute for Research and Development in Process Engineering Biotechnology and Alternative Energies(PROBIENCONICET-UNCo)8300 NeuquénArgentina

Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer *** is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains *** metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar *** profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism *** metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was *** results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA *** study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.

关键词： Monascus rice vinegar Metagenomic analysis Free amino acid synthesis Metabolic pathway Microbial distribution

Expanding through the Emerald Isle:exploration and spatial orientation of non-native bank voles in Ireland

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 320-331页

作者： Valeria mazza Jana AEccard Animal Ecology Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469PotsdamGermany and Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of TusciaLargo dell'Università10100 ViterboItaly

Whether introduced into a completely novel habitat or slowly expanding their current range,the degree to which animals can effciently explore and navigate new environments can be key to survival,ultimately determining population establishment and colonization *** tested whether spatial orientation and exploratory behavior are associated with non-native spread in free-living bank voles(Myodes glareolus,n=43)from a population accidentally introduced to Ireland a century *** measured spatial orientation and navigation in a radial arm maze,and behaviors associated to exploratory tendencies and risk-taking in repeated open-feld tests,at the expansion edge and in the source *** voles at the expansion edge re-visited unrewarded arms of the maze more,waited longer before leaving it,took longer to start exploring both the radial arm maze and the open feld,and were more risk-averse compared to conspecifcs in the source *** together,results suggest that for this small mammal under heavy predation pressure,a careful and thorough exploration strategy might be favored when expanding into novel environments.

关键词： animal personality biological invasions exploration behavior Myodes glareolus range expansion spatial orientation.

Behavioral flexibility and novel environments:integrating currentpers pectives for future

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 304-309页

作者： Valeria mazza VedranaŠlipogor Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences University of TusciaLargo dell'Università101100 ViterboItaly Ichthyogenic Experimental Marine Centre(CISMAR) LocalitàLe Saline snc01016 TarquiniaItaly Department of Zoology University of South BohemiaBranišovská176037005ČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Department of Ecology and Evolution University of LausanneQuartier UNIL-SorgeBâtiment BiophoreCH-1015 LausanneSwitzerland The Sense–Innovation and Research Center Lausanne&Sion Avenue de Provence 821007 LausanneSwitzerland

Individuals in the process of encountering a novel environment face several new selective pressures that can lead to changes in phenotypes,which provides an exciting opportunity to study microevolutionary *** novelty encompasses a variety of changes in the socioecological world of an individual,as well as situations for which animals lack eco-evolutionary experience(e.g.,Saul et al.2013;Heger et al.2019).

关键词： environments evolutionary processes.

Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 168-182页

作者： Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi mazza Maria Chiara Manetti Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironmentand ForestryUniversity of Florence50144 FlorenceItaly CREA Research Centre for Forestry and Wood 52100 ArezzoItaly PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification 06135 PerugiaItaly

On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed *** each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration *** results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of *** differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock *** most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration ***,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its *** findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable *** forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years.

关键词： Agroforestry Stand structure Regeneration Tree biodiversity Grazing intensity

Keep in mind sex differences when prescribing psychotropic drugs

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 194-198页

作者： Marianna mazza Domenico De Berardis Giuseppe Marano Department of neurosciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Mental Health NHSASL 4 TeramoTeramo 64100Italy

Women represent the majority of patients with psychiatric diagnoses and also the largest users of psychotropic *** are inevitable differences in efficacy,side effects and long-term treatment response between men and *** research needs to develop adequately powered animal and human trials aimed to consider pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of central nervous system drugs in both male and female *** professionals have the responsibility to prescribe sex-specific psychopharmacotherapies with a priority to differentiate between men and women in order to minimize adverse drugs reactions,to maximize therapeutic effectiveness and to provide personalized management of care.

关键词： Women Psychopharmacology Psychotropic drugs Sex differences

Reconsidering the role of depression and common psychiatric disorders as partners in the type 2 diabetes epidemic

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第6期15卷 1374-1380页

作者： Angelo Emilio Claro Clelia Palanza Marianna mazza Alessandro Rizzi Andrea Corsello Linda Tartaglione Giuseppe Marano Giovanna Elsa Ute Muti Schuenemann Marta Rigoni Alfredo Pontecorvi Luigi Janiri Paola Muti Dario Pitocco Diabetes Care Unit Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental SciencesUniversity of MilanMilan 20122Italy Istituto Italiano di Antropologia ISItARome 00100Italy Unit of Psychiatry Department of NeurosciencesFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact DepartmentMcMaster UniversityOntario 1280Canada Department of Endocrine-Metabolic and Dermo-Rheumatology Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

Common psychiatric disorders(CPDs)and depression contribute significantly to the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes(T2D).We postulated a possible pathophysiological mechanism that through Bridge-Symptoms present in depression and CPDs,promotes the establishment of emotional eating,activation of the reward system,onset of overweight and obesity and,ultimately the increased risk of developing *** plausibility of the proposed pathophysiological mechanism is supported by the mechanism of action of drugs such as naltrexonebupropion currently approved for the treatment of both obesity/overweight with T2D and as separate active pharmaceutical ingredients in drug addiction,but also from initial evidence that is emerging regarding glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists that appear to be effective in the treatment of drug *** hope that our hypothesis may be useful in interpreting the higher prevalence of CPDs and depression in patients with T2D compared with the general population and may help refine the integrated psychiatric-diabetic therapy approach to improve the treatment and or remission of T2D.

关键词： Depression Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Diabetes mellitus type 2 Stress psychological Sleep wake disorders Food addiction

Gut microbiota in women:The secret of psychological and physical well-being

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第45期29卷 5945-5952页

作者： Giuseppe Marano Gianandrea Traversi Eleonora Gaetani Antonio Gasbarrini Marianna mazza Department of neurosciences UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Unit of Psychiatry Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Unit of Medical Genetics Department of Laboratory MedicineFatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli IsolaRome 00186Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia CEMAD Digestive Disease CenterUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreFondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

The gut microbiota works in unison with the host,promoting its *** particular,it has been shown to exert protective,metabolic and structural *** evidence has revealed the influence of the gut microbiota on other organs such as the central nervous system,cardiovascular and the endocrine-metabolic systems and the digestive *** study of the gut microbiota is outlining new and broader frontiers every day and holds enormous innovation potential for the medical and pharmaceutical *** and treatment of specific women’s diseases involves the need to deepen the function of the gut as a junction organ where certain positive bacteria can be very beneficial to *** gut microbiota is unique and dynamic at the same time,subject to external factors that can change it,and is capable of modulating itself at different stages of a woman’s life,playing an important role that arises from the intertwining of biological mechanisms between the microbiota and the female genital *** gut microbiota could play a key role in personalized medicine.

关键词： Gut microbiota Women Metabolites Health promotion Immune system Gut-brain axis

Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 80-90页

作者： Tomas Ekeberg Dameli Assalauova Johan Bielecki Rebecca Boll Benedikt J.Daurer Lutz A.Eichacker Linda E.Franken Davide E.Galli Luca Gelisio Lars Gumprecht Laura H.Gunn Janos Hajdu Robert Hartmann Dirk Hasse Alexandr Ignatenko Jayanath Koliyadu Olena Kulyk Ruslan Kurta Markus Kuster Wolfgang Lugmayr Jannik Lübke Adrian P.Mancuso Tommaso mazza Carl nettelblad Yevheniy Ovcharenko Daniel E.Rivas Max Rose Amit K.Samanta Philipp Schmidt Egor Sobolev nicusor Timneanu Sergey Usenko Daniel Westphal Tamme Wollweber Lena Worbs Paul Lourdu Xavier Hazem Yousef Kartik Ayyer Henry n.Chapman Jonas A.Sellberg Carolin Seuring Ivan A.Vartanyants Jochen Küpper Michael Meyer Filipe R.n.C.Maia Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityHusargatan 3(Box 596)SE-75124 UppsalaSweden Deutsches Electronen-Synchrotron DESY Notkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany European XFEL Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Diamond Light Source Harwell Science&Innovation CampusDidcot OX110DEUK University of Stavanger Centre Organelle ResearchRichard-Johnsensgate 44021 StavangerNorway Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology(HPI) Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestraße 8522607 HamburgGermany Dipartimento di Fisica“Aldo Pontremoli” Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Celoria 1620133 MilanoItaly Center for Free-Electron Laser Science DESY22607 HamburgGermany Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA PnSensor GmbH Otto-Hahn-Ring 6D-81739 MünchenGermany Biomedical and X-Ray Physics Department of Applied PhysicsAlbaNova University CenterKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-10691 StockholmSweden ELI Beamlines/IoP Institute of Physics AS CR v.v.i.Na Slovance 218221 Prague 8Czech Republic Multi-User CryoEM Facility Centre for Structural Systems BiologyNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf(UKE) Martinistrasse 5220246 HamburgGermany The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Physics Universität HamburgLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia Division of Scientific Computing Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Information TechnologyUppsala UniversityBox 337SE-75105 UppsalaSweden European Molecular Biology Laboratory c/o DESYNotkestrasse 8522607 HamburgGermany Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala UniversityBox 516SE-75120 UppsalaSweden Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter Luruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGe

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired *** was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron *** to theory,the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier,and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably *** was first demonstrated on biological samples a decade ago on the giant *** then,a large collaboration has been pushing the limit of the smallest sample that can be *** ability to capture snapshots on the timescale of atomic vibrations,while keeping the sample at room temperature,may allow probing the entire conformational phase space of *** we show the first observation of an X-ray diffraction pattern from a single protein,that of Escherichia coli GroEL which at 14 nm in diameter is the smallest biological sample ever imaged by X-rays,and demonstrate that the concept of diffraction before destruction extends to single *** the pattern,it is possible to determine the approximate orientation of the *** experiment demonstrates the feasibility of ultrafast imaging of single proteins,opening the way to single-molecule time-resolved studies on the femtosecond timescale.

关键词： smallest intense ultrafast

Alcohol use disorder and liver injury related to the COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第10期14卷 1875-1883页

作者： Giuseppe Marano Gianandrea Traversi Eleonora Gaetani Roberto Pola Angelo Emilio Claro Marianna mazza Department of Geriatrics Neuroscience and OrthopedicsFondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversita Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Dipartimento di Medicina di Laboratorio UOSD Genetica MedicaOspedale Generale“San Giovanni Calibita”FatebenefratelliRome 00186Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversita Cattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy Division of Internal Medicine Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

Alcohol use disorder is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon that can be studied from several points of view by focusing on its different *** is a hepatotoxin whose metabolism creates profound alterations within the *** liver is the central organ in the metabolism of alcohol,a process that also involves other organs and tissues such as the brain,heart and muscles,but the most relevant organ is the *** anatomopathological alterations in the liver associated with the prolonged use of alcohol range from the simple accumulation of neutral fats in the hepatocytes,to cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** abuse frequently leads to liver disease such as steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis,cirrhosis,and *** the spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),there was an increase in alcohol consumption,probably linked to the months of lockdown and smart *** is known that social isolation leads to a considerable increase in stress,and it is also recognized that high levels of stress can result in an increase in alcohol *** patients or subjects with liver cancer are immunocompromised,so they may be more exposed to COVID-19 infection with a worse *** review focuses on the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic has made the emergence of alcohol-induced liver damage a major medical and social problem.

关键词： Alcohol use disorder Alcoholic liver disease Liver injury COVID-19 Alcohol abuse Alcohol dependence

Exit strategies in inflammatory bowel disease:Looking beyond antitumor necrosis factors

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第12期11卷 2657-2669页

作者： Federica Crispino Andrea Michielan Mauro Grova Chiara Tieppo Marta mazza Teresa Marzia Rogger Franco Armelao Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitSanta Chiara HospitalTrento 38122Italy Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit Department of MedicineAzienda Ospedaliera Ospedali RiunitiVilla Sofia-CervelloPalermo 90146Italy

The long-term management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is still a matter of debate,and no clear guidelines have been *** clinical practice,gastroenterologists often have to deal with patients in prolonged remission after immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive *** planning an exit strategy for drug withdrawal,the risk of disease relapse must be balanced against the risk of drug-related adverse events and healthcare ***,there is still a dearth of data on the withdrawal of novel biologics,such as the anti-α4β7 integrin antibody(vedolizumab)and anti-IL12/23 antibody(ustekinumab),as well as the small molecule *** for estimating the risk of disease relapse and the efficacy of retreatment should be evaluated according to the patient's age and IBD *** models should guide clinicians in programming a temporary drug withdrawal after discussing realistic outcomes with the *** would shift the paradigm from an exit strategy to a holiday strategy.

关键词： Exit strategy Biologic withdrawal Drug holiday Vedolizumab Ustekinumab Tofacitinib