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Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke gerit plöschberger Lars H.Lohmann Eric Lichtenstein Daniel Jochum Stanislav D.Siegel Astrid Zech David G.Behm Institute of Sport science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of Human Motion science and Exercise Physiology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of Health sciences and Technology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland school of Human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous ***,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle ***,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with ***:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of *** showed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

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Simple ears - flexible behavior： Information processing in the moth auditory pathway

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 292-302页

作者： gerit PFUHL Blanka KALINOVA Irena VALTEROVA Bente G. BERG Department of Psychology University of Tromso N-9037 Tromso Norway Department of Psychology Neuroscience Unit Norwegian University of Science and Technology N-7491 Trondheim Norway Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic CZ- 16610 Praha 6 Czech Republic

Lepidoptera evolved tympanic ears in response to echolocating bats. Comparative studies have shown that moth ears evolved many times independently from chordotonal organs. With only 1 to 4 receptor cells, they are one of the simplest hearing organs. The small number of receptors does not imply simplicity, neither in behavior nor in the neural circuit. Behaviorally, the response to ultrasound is far from being a simple reflex. Moths＇ escape behavior is modulated by a variety of cues, especially pheromones, which can alter the auditory response. Neurally the receptor cell（s） diverges onto many interneurons, enabling pa- rallel processing and feature extraction. Ascending interneurons and sound-sensitive brain neurons innervate a neuropil in the ventrolateral protocerebrum. Further, recent electrophysiological data provides the first glimpses into how the acoustic response is modulated as well as how ultrasound influences the other senses. So far, the auditory pathway has been studied in noctuids. The findings agree well with common computational principles found in other insects. However, moth ears also show unique mechanical and neural adaptation. Here, we first describe the variety of moths＇ auditory behavior, especially the co-option of ul- trasonic signals for intraspecific communication. Second, we describe the current knowledge of the neural pathway gained from noctuid moths. Finally, we argue that Galleriinae which show negative and positive phonotaxis, are an interesting model species for future electrophysiological studies of the auditory pathway and multimodal sensory integration, and so are ideally suited for the study of the evolution of behavioral mechanisms given a few receptors.

关键词： Lepidoptera Ultrasound perception Multimodal communication

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景德镇陶瓷大学国际陶艺工作室作品选登

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陶瓷学报 2021年第2期42卷 F0004-F0004页

作者： [冰岛]埃尔瓦·厄恩·克雅尔坦森 [英国]彼得·弗雷泽·比尔德 [澳大利亚]戴安娜·曼努埃拉·威廉姆斯 [德国]杰里特·格林 [葡萄牙]索菲亚·贝卡 [美国]马修·李·凯莱赫 [丹麦]梅特·玛雅·格雷格森不详

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