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Induced Earthquake Hazard by Geothermal Power Plants: Statistical Evaluation and Probabilistic Modeling

International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2022年第5期13卷 758-777页

作者： Ali Khansefid Seyed Mahmoudreza Yadollahi gerhard Müller Francesca Taddei Civil Engineering Department Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany Civil Engineering Department KN Toosi University of TechnologyTehran ***Iran Glenn Department of Civil Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

This study statistically evaluated the characteristics of induced earthquakes by geothermal power plants(GPPs)and generated a probabilistic model for simulating stochastic seismic *** well-known power plant zones were selected worldwide from the United States,Germany,France,and New *** operational condition information,as well as the corresponding earthquake catalogs recorded in the vicinity of GPPs,were gathered from their commencement *** statistical properties of events were studied *** using this proposed database,a probabilistic model was developed capable of generating the number of induced seismic events per month,their magnitude,focal depth,and distance from the epicenter to the power plant,*** of these parameters are simulated as a function of power plant injection *** speaking,the model,introduced in this study,is a tool for engineers and scientists interested in the seismic risk assessment of built environments prone to induced seismicity produced by GPPs operation.

关键词： Geothermal power plants Induced seismicity Probabilistic modeling Seismic hazard Statistical analysis

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Polymeric biomaterials for biophotonic applications

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Bioactive Materials 2018年第4期3卷 434-445页

作者： Dingying Shan Ethan gerhard Chenji Zhang John William Tierney Daniel Xie Zhiwen Liu Jian Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering Materials Research InstituteThe Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Electrical Engineering Materials Research InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and ComputingUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29201USA Assumption College school WinsorONCanada

With the growing importance of optical techniques in medical diagnosis and treatment,there exists a pressing need to develop and optimize materials platform for biophotonic ***,the design of biocompatible and biodegradable materials with desired optical,mechanical,chemical,and biological properties is required to enable clinically relevant biophotonic devices for translating in vitro optical techniques into in situ and in vivo *** technological trend propels the development of natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials to replace traditional brittle,nondegradable silica glass based optical *** this review,we present an overview of the advances in polymeric optical material development,optical device design and fabrication techniques,and the accompanying applications to imaging,sensing and phototherapy.

关键词： Biophotonics Biomaterials Imaging Sensing Phototherapy

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A concise, practical guide to diagnostic assessment for mast cell activation disease

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World Journal of Hematology 2014年第1期3卷 1-17页

作者： Lawrence B Afrin gerhard J Molderings Division of Hematology/Oncology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC 29425-6350 United States Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital of Bonn D-53127 Bonn Germany

As recognition of mast cell(MC) involvement in a range of chronic inflammatory disorders has increased, diagnosticians' suspicions of MC activation disease(MCAD) in their chronically mysteriously inflamed patients have similarly increased. It is now understood that the various forms of systemic mastocytosis- diseases of inappropriate activation and proliferation of MCs seemingly driven by a small set of rare, usually constitutively activating mutations in assorted MC regulatory elements-comprise merely the tip of the MCAD iceberg, whereas the far larger and far more clinically heterogeneous(and thus more difficult to recognize) bulk of the iceberg consists of assorted forms of MC activation syndrome(MCAS) which manifest little to no abnormal MC proliferation and may originate from a far more heterogeneous set of MC mutations. It is reasonable to suspect MCAD when symptoms and signs of MC activation are present and no other diagnosis better accounting for the full range of findings is present. Initial laboratory assessment should include not only routine blood counts and serum chemistries but also a serum total tryptase level, which helps direct further evaluation for mastocytosis vs MCAS. Appropriate tissue examinations are needed to diagnose mastocytosis, while elevated levels of relatively specific mast cell mediators are sought to support diagnosis of MCAS. Whether assessing for mastocytosis or MCAS, testing is fraught with potential pitfalls which can easily yield false negatives leading to erroneous rejection of diagnostic consideration of MCAD in spite of a clinical history highly consistent with MCAD. Efforts at accurate diagnosis of MCAD are worthwhile, as many patients then respond well to appropriately directed therapeutic efforts.

关键词： mast cell activation disease mastocytosis mast cell activation syndrome mast cell mediators tryptase KIT mutations

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