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Effect of replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat on performance,digestibility,cecal microbiome,liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期14卷 1466-1484页

作者： Lea Schäfer Sarah M.Grundmann Garima Maheshwari Marcus Höring gerhard liebisch Erika Most Klaus Eder Robert Ringseis Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences Molecular Food TechnologyUniversity of BonnFriedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 753115 BonnGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Hospital of RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 1193053 RegensburgGermany.

Background In contrast to protein-rich insect meal,the feed potential of insect fat is generally less explored and knowledge about the suitability of insect fat as a fat source specifically in broiler diets is still *** view of this,the present study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effect of partial(50%) and complete replacement of soybean oil with insect fat from Hermetia illucens(HI) larvae in broiler diets on performance,fat digestibility,cecal microbiome,liver transcriptome and liver and plasma ***,100 male,1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly assigned to three groups and fed three different diets with either 0(group HI-0,n cens(HI) larvae fat for 35 d.= 30),2.5%(group HI-2.5,n %(HI-5.0,n = 35) or 5.0= 35) Hermetia illuResults Body weight gain,final body weight,feed intake,and feed:gain ratio during the whole period and apparent ileal digestibility coefficient for ether extract were not different between *** microbial diversity did not differ between groups and taxonomic analysis revealed differences in the abundance of only four low-abundance bacterial taxa among groups;the abundances of phylum Actinobacteriota,class Coriobacteriia,order Coriobacteriales and family Eggerthellaceae were lower in group HI-5.0 compared to group HI-2.5(P < 0.05).Concentrations of total and individual short-chain fatty acids in the cecal digesta were not different between the three *** transcriptomics revealed a total of 55 and 25 transcripts to be differentially expressed between groups HI-5.0 ***-0 and groups HI-2.5 ***-0,respectively(P < 0.05).The concentrations of most lipid classes,with the exception of phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylglycerol and lysophosphatidylcholine in the liver and cholesterylester and ceramide in plasma(P < 0.05),and of the sum of all lipid classes were not different between *** Partial and complete replacement of soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler diets had no effect on gro

关键词： Broilers Cecal microbiota Hermetia illucens Insect fat Liver lipidome Medium-chain fatty acids

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Exogenous sphingomyelinase causes impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第39期13卷 5217-5225页

作者： Jürgen Bock gerhard liebisch Joachim Schweimer Gerd Schmitz gerhard Rogler Department of Internal Medicine I University of RegensburgGermany Institute for Clinical Chemistry University of Regensburg Germany

AIM: To test the hypothesis that hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide changes the composition of tight junctions (TJs) with increasing permeability of the intestinal epithelium. METHODS: Monolayers of Caco-2 cells were used as an in vitro model for the intestinal barrier. Permeability was determined by quantifi cation of transepithelialflux and transepithelial resistance. Sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains were isolated by a discontinuous sucrose gradient and characterized by Western-blot. Lipid content of microdomains was analysed by tandem mass spectrometry. Ceramide was subcellularly localized by immunofluorescent ***: Exogenous sphingomyelinase increased transepithelial permeability and decreased transepithelial resistance at concentrations as low as 0.01 U/mL. Lipid analysis showed rapid accumulation of ceramide in the membrane fractions containing occludin and claudin-4, representing TJs. In these fractions we observed a concomitant decrease of sphingomyelin and cholesterol with increasing concentrations of ceramide. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed clustering of ceramide at the sites of cell-cell contacts. Neutralization of surface ceramide prevented the permeability-increase induced by platelet activating factor. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that changes in lipid composition of TJs impair epithelial barrier functions. Generation of ceramide by sphingomyelinases might contribute to disturbed barrier function seen in diseases such as inflammatory, infectious, toxic or radiogenic bowel disease.

关键词： Ceramide Cholesterol Tight-junction Caco-2 cells Permeability Inflammatory bowel disease

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Lithocholic acid induction of the FGF19 promoter in intestinal cells is mediated by PXR

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第31期13卷 4230-4235页

作者： Wolfgang Wistuba Carsten Gnewuch gerhard liebisch Gerd Schmitz Thomas Langmann Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University of Regensburg Regensburg 93053 Germany

To study the effect of the toxic secondary bile acid lithocholic acid （LCA） on the expression of fibroblast growth factor 19 （FGF19） in intestinal cells and to characterize the pregnane-X-receptor （PXR） response of the FGF19 promoter region. METHODS： The intestinal cell line LS174T was stimulated with various concentrations of chenodeoxy- cholic acid and lithocholic acid for several time points. FGF19 mRNA levels were determined with quantitative realtime RT-PCR. FGF19 deletion promoter constructs were generated and the LCA response was analzyed in reporter assays. Co-transfections with PXR and RXR were carried out to study FGF19 regulation by these factors, RESULTS： LCA and CDCA strongly up-regulate FGF19 mRNA expression in LS174T cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Using reporter gene assays with several deletion constructs we found that the LCA responsive element in the human FGF19 promoter maps to the proximal regulatory region containing two poten- tial binding sites for PXR. Overexpression of PXR and its dimerization partner retinoid X receptor （RXR） and stimulation with LCA or the potent PXR ligand rifampicin leads to a significant induction of FGF19 promoter activ- ity in intestinal cells. CONCLUSION： LCA induced feedback inhibition of bile acid synthesis in the liver is likely to be regulated by PXR inducing intestinal FGF19 expression.

关键词： Pregnane X receptor Detoxification Fibroblast growth factor 19 Lithocholic acid

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Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor *** growing pigs by transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 527-544页

作者： Sandra Meyer Denise K.Gessner Maria S.Braune Theresa Friedhoff Erika Most Marcus Höring gerhard liebisch Holger Zorn Klaus Eder Robert Ringseis Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGiessenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Hospital of RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 1193053 RegensburgGermany Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392 GiessenGiessenGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Winchester Str.235394 GiessenGiessenGermany

Background:The hypothesis was tested that insect meal(IM)as protein source influences intermediary metabolism of growing *** test this,30 male,5-week-old crossbred pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 10 pigs each with similar body weights(BW)and fed isonitrogenous diets either without(CON)or with 5%IM(IM5)or 10%IM(IM10)from Tenebrio molitor *** 4 weeks and key metabolic tissues(liver,muscle,plasma)were analyzed using ***:Most performance parameters did not differ across the groups,whereas ileal digestibilities of most amino acids were 6.7 to 15.6%-units lower in IM10 than in CON(P<0.05).Transcriptomics of liver and skeletal muscle revealed a total of 166 and 198,respectively,transcripts differentially expressed between IM10 and CON(P<0.05).Plasma metabolomics revealed higher concentrations of alanine,citrulline,glutamate,proline,serine,tyrosine and valine and a lower concentration of asparagine in IM10 than in CON(P<0.05).Only one out of fourteen quantifiable amino acid metabolites,namely methionine sulfoxide(MetS),in plasma was elevated by 45%and 71%in IM5 and IM10,respectively,compared to CON(P<0.05).Plasma concentrations of both,major carnitine/acylcarnitine species and bile acids were not different across *** of liver and plasma demonstrated no differences in the concentrations of triacylglycerols,cholesterol and the main phospholipids,lysophospholipids and sphingolipids between *** percentages of all individual phosphatidylcholine(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)species in the liver showed no differences between groups,except those with 6 double bonds(PC 38:6,PC 40:6,PE 38:6,PE 40:6),which were markedly lower in IM10 than in CON(P<0.05).In line with this,the percentage of C22:6n-3 in hepatic total lipids was lower in IM10 than in the other groups(P<0.05).Conclusions:Comprehensive analyzes of the transcriptome,lipidome and metabolome of key metabolic tissues indicate that partial or complete replacement o

关键词： Animal nutrition Insect meal Lipidome Liver Metabolism Metabolome Pigs Plasma Skeletal muscle Transcriptome

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Serum bile acid profiling reflects enterohepatic detoxification state and intestinal barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第25期15卷 3134-3141页

作者： Carsten Gnewuch gerhard liebisch Thomas Langmann Benjamin Dieplinger Thomas Mueller Meinhard Haltmayer Hans Dieplinger Alexandra Zahn Wolfgang Stremmel gerhard Rogler Gerd Schmitz Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Regensburg University Medical Center Institute of Human Genetics University of Regensburg Department of Laboratory Medicine Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz Division of Genetic Epidemiology Department of Medical GeneticsClinical and Molecular PharmacologyInnsbruck Medical University Department of Gastro-enterology University Hospital Heidelberg Department of Internal Medicine I Regensburg University Medical Center

AIM： To determine free and conjugated serum bile acid （BA） levels in inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） subgroups with defined clinical manifestations. METHODS： Comprehensive serum BA profiling was performed in 358 IBD patients and 310 healthy con- trols by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS： Serum levels of hyodeoxycholic acid, the CYP3A4-mediated detoxification product of the second- ary BA lithocholic acid （LCA）, was increased significantly in Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC）, while most other serum BA species were decreased signifi- cantly. Total BA, total BA conjugate, and total BA glyco- conjugate levels were decreased only in CD, whereas total unconjugated BA levels were decreased only in UC. In UC patients with hepatobiliary manifestations, the conjugated primary BAs glycocholic acid, taurocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid were as signifi- cantly increased as the secondary BAs LCA, ursodeoxy- cholic acid, and tauroursodeoxycholic acid compared to UC patients without hepatobiliary manifestations. Finally, we found that in ileocecal resected CD patients, the unconjugated primary BAs, cholic acid and chenode- oxycholic acid, were increased significantly compared to controls and patients without surgical interventions. CONCLUSION： Serum BA profiling in IBD patients that indicates impaired intestinal barrier function and increased detoxification is suitable for advanced diag- nostic characterization and differentiation of IBD sub- groups with defined clinical manifestations.

关键词： Bile acids Liquid chromatography Tandem mass spectrometry Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis

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Effect of replacement of soybean oil by Hermetia illucens fat on performance, digestibility, cecal microbiome, liver transcriptome and liver and plasma lipidomes of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第4期

作者： Lea Sch?fer Sarah M.Grundmann Garima Maheshwari Marcus H?ring gerhard liebisch Erika Most Klaus Eder Robert Ringseis

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Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of insect meal from Tenebrio molitor *** growing pigs by transcriptomics,metabolomics and lipidomics

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期

作者： Sandra Meyer Denise K. Gessner Maria S. Braune Theresa Friedhoff Erika Most Marcus Höring gerhard liebisch Holger Zorn Klaus Eder Robert Ringseis

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