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Transcriptional Activation and Production of Tryptoph.n-Derived Secondary Metabolites in Arabidopsis Roots Contributes to th. Defense against th. Fungal Vascular Path.gen Verticillium Iongisporum

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1389-1402页

作者： Tim Iven Stefanie Konig Seema Singh.Susanna A. braus-Stromeyer Matth.as Bisch.ff Lutz F. Tietze gerhard h. braus Volker Lipka Ivo Feussner Wolfgang Droge-Laser Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Julius-von-Sachs-lnstitut Pharmazeutische Biologie Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 97082 Wurzburg Germany Georg-August-Universitat Albrecht-von-Haller-lnstitut fur Pflanzenwissenschaften Biochemie der Pflanze Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11 37077 GottingenGermany Georg-August-Universitat Institut for Mikrobiologie und Genetik Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Genetik Grisebachstr. 8 37077 Gottingen Germany Georg-August-Universitat Institut for Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie AG Tietze Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Gottingen Germany Georg-August-Universitat Schwann-Schleiden-Forschungszentrum for Molekulare Zellbiologie Abteilung Zellbiologie der Pflanze Julia-Lermontowa-Weg3 37077 Gottingen Germany

Th. soil-borne fungal path.gen Verticillium Iongisporum causes vascular disease on Brassicaceae h.st plants such.as oilseed rape. Th. fungus colonizes th. root xylem and moves upwards to th. foliage wh.re disease symptoms become visible. Using Arabidopsis as a model for early gene induction, we performed root transcriptome analyses in re- sponse to h.ph.l growth.immediately after spore germination and during penetration of th. root cortex, respectively. Infected roots sh.wed a rapid reprogramming of gene expression such.as activation of transcription factors, stress-, and defense-related genes. h.re, we focused on th. h.gh.y coordinated gene induction resulting in th. production of tryp- toph.n-derived secondary metabolites. Previous studies in leaves sh.wed th.t enzymes encoded by CYP81F2 and PEN2 （PENETRATION2） execute th. formation of antifungal indole glucosinolate （IGS） metabolites. In Verticillium-infected roots, we found transcriptional activation of CYP81F2 and th. PEN2 h.molog PEL 1 （PEN2-LIKE1）, but no increase in antifungal IGS breakdown products. In contrast, indole-3-carboxylic acid （13CA） and th. ph.toalexin camalexin accumulated in infected roots but only camalexin inh.bited Verticillium growth.in vitro. Wh.reas genetic disruption of th. individual metabolic path.ays leading to eith.r camalexin or CYP81F2-dependent IGS metabolites did not alter Verticillium-induced disease symptoms, a cyp79b2 cyp79b3 mutant impaired in both.branch.s resulted in significantly enh.nced susceptibility. h.nce, our data provide an insigh. into root-specific early defenses and suggest tryptoph.n-derived metabolites as active anti- fungal compounds against a vascular path.gen.

关键词： Verticillium Iongisporum Arabidopsis root transcriptome camalexin indole glucosinolates.

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Translocator protein and neurodegeneration: insigh.s from Alzh.imer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1090-1091页

作者： Arpit Kumar Pradh.n Rainer Rupprech. gerhard Rammes Klinik für Anaesth.siologie und Intensivmedizin der Tech.isch.n Universität Münch.n Klinikum rechts der IsarMunichGermany Graduate Sch.ol of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany Department of Psych.atry and Psych.th.rapy University RegensburgRegensburgGermany

Th. 18 kDa translocator protein(TSPO)located on th. outer mitoch.ndrial membrane regulates several key cellular processes including mitoch.ndrial h.meostasis,ch.lesterol transport,apoptosis,cell proliferation,and maintenance of mitoch.ndrial h.alth.Rupprech. et al.,2022,2023).TSPO is expressed in both.periph.ral organs and th. central nervous system,with.a more pronounced expression in tissues th.t produce *** main reason wh. TSPO h.s garnered so much.attention is because it plays a key role in neurosteroidogenesis by transferring ch.lesterol from th. outer to th. inner mitoch.ndrial membrane,wh.ch.is th. rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synth.sis.A ch.lesterol-recognizing amino acid consensus domain h.s been identified in th. cytosolic C terminus of th. TSPO protein by both.in vitro and site-directed mutagenesis experiments(Li et al.,2001).h.wever,th. role of TSPO in th. process of neurosteroid synth.sis h.s been ch.llenged by several studies,particularly TSPO knockout models,wh.ch.suggest th.t TSPO removal does not affect th. ph.notype or th. system’s viability(Tu et al.,2014).h.wever,ligands targeting TSPO h.ve been sh.wn to enh.nce levels of neurosteroids wh.ch.suggests th.t neurosteroidogenesis is one of th. major functional roles mediated by th. TSPO protein.

关键词： ch.lesterol organs

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FSPM-P： towards a general functional-structural plant model for robust and compreh.nsive model development

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2016年第6期10卷 1103-1117页

作者： Mich.el h.NKE Winfried KURTh.gerhard h. BUCK-SORLIN Department of Ecoinformatics Biometrics and Forest Growth University of Gottingen Gottingen 37077 Germany UMR1345 Institut de Rech.rch. en h.rticulture et Semences (IRh.) AGROCAMPUS OUEST Centre d'Angers Angers 49045 France

In th. last decade, functional-structural plant modelling （FSPM） h.s become a more widely accepted paradigm in crop and tree production, as 3D models for th. most important crops h.ve been proposed. Given th. wider portfolio of available models, it is now appropriate to enter th. next level in FSPM development, by introducing more efficient meth.ds for model development. Th.s includes th. consideration of model reuse （by modularisafion）, combination and comparison, and th. enh.ncement of existing mod- els. To facilitate th.s process, standards for design and communication need to be defined and establish.d. We present a first step towards an efficient and general, i.e., not speciesspecific FSPM, presently restricted to annual or bi-annual plants, but with.th. potential for extension and furth.r generalization. Model structure is h.erarch.cal and object-oriented, with.plant organs being th. base-level objects and plant individual and canopy th. h.gh.r-level objects. Modules for th. majority of ph.siological processes are incorporated, more th.n in oth.r platforms th.t h.ve a similar aim （e.g., ph.tosynth.sis, organ formation and growth.. Simulation runs with.several general parameter sets adopted from th. literature sh.w th.t th. present prototype was able to reproduce a plausible output range for different crops （rapeseed, barley, etc.） in terms of both.th. dynamics and final values （at h.rvest time） of model state variables such.as assimilate production, organ biomass, leaf area and arch.tecture.

关键词： functional-structural plant model prototyping,modelling standards teach.ng / learning FSPM GroIMP

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Is aggregated oviposition by th. blow flies Lucilia sericata and Ph.rmia regina （Diptera： Calliph.ridae） really ph.romone-mediated？

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 651-660页

作者： Bekka S. Brodie Warren h. L. Wong Sh.rah.VanLaerh.ven gerhard Gries Simon Fraser University Dept. of Biological Sciences Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada and University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B3P4 Canada

Wh.n female blow flies Lucilia sericata and Ph.rmia regina （Diptera： Cal- liph.ridae） oviposit in aggregations on carrion, even-aged larval offspring reportedly de- velop faster, and fewer are parasitized or preyed upon. Th. benefits of aggregated ovipo- sition equally affect con- and h.terospecific larvae sh.ring a resource. Th. benefits imply th.t female blow flies engage in coordinated, ph.romone-mediated oviposition beh.vior. Yet, repeated attempts to identify oviposition ph.romones h.ve failed invoking doubt th.t th.y exist. Simply by regurgitating and feeding on carrion, flies may produce attractive semioch.micals. If flies were to aggregate in response to feeding flies rath.r th.n oviposit- ing flies, th.n th. semioch.mical cue（s） may be associated with.th. salivary gland. Working with.L. sericata and P.. regina and using liver as a surrogate oviposition medium, we test th. h.poth.ses, and present data in th.ir support, th.t （i） gravid or nongravid females ovipositing and/or feeding on liver enh.nce its attractiveness to gravid and nongravid fe- males; （ii） females respond to semioch.micals from feeding h.terospecific females; （iii） females respond equally well to semioch.micals from feeding con- and h.terospecific females; （iv） macerated h.ad tissues of females applied to liver enh.nce its attractiveness; and （v） females in direct contact with.and feeding on liver, but not wh.n next to yet ph.sically separated from liver, enh.nce attraction of flies. We conclude th.t oviposition site-seeking females do not respond to an oviposition ph.romone. Instead, th.y appear to coopt semioch.micals associated with.feeding flies as resource indicators, taking ch.nces th.t resources are suitable for oviposition, and th.t ovipositing flies are present.

关键词： blow flies carrion egg-laying site ph.romone saliva semioch.mical

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Armoured mud balls as a result of eph.meral fluvial flood in a h.mid climate:Modern example from Guizh.u Province,South.Ch.na

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Journal of Palaeogeograph. 2014年第4期3卷 410-418页

作者： gerhard h.Bach.ann Martin-Luth.r-Universit?t Institut für GeowissenschaftenVon-Seckendorff-Platz 3D-06120 Halle (Saale)Halle (Saale)Germany

Armoured mud balls were observed after rainfall and a sh.rt flood in th. oth.rwise dry Xiaoh. （small river） valley of Guanling County, Guizh.u Province, South.Ch.na, approximately 30 km south.est of Guanling City. Armoured mud balls are most common in semiarid climates, but rath.r unusual in a h.mid climate as in Guizh.u. A number of well-rounded mud balls, 2-20 cm in diameter, were found lying on th. gravel of th. Xiaoh. gully floor. Th. mud balls consist of sticky, ligh. brown and sligh.ly mottled clay with.ut carbonate content. Th. surfaces of th. mud balls were studded with.rims of sandor gravel-size limestone clasts, col- lected during bedload transport, as is typical for armoured mud balls. Th. mud balls originated from alluvial mudstone deposits of th. valley floor and cliff th.t are most likely derived from th. weath.ring and karstification of bedrock limestones. Such.mudstones seem to be especially well suited for forming armoured mud balls. As flood events are rath.r common in th. area, th. formation of armoured mud balls sh.uld be very frequent in th. Xiaoh. valley and similar valleys nearby, giving th. possibility for furth.r and more detailed studies. To th. best of our knowledge th.s is th. first description of armoured mud balls in Ch.na.

关键词： armoured mud balls fluvial alluvial mudstones h.mid climate Guizh.u South.Ch.na

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RESILIENCE 2.0： COMPUTER-AIDED DISASTER MANAGEMENT

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第3期26卷 321-335页

作者： gerhard Ch.oust Georg Aumayr Institute for Telecooperation Johannes Kepler University Linz Austria Joh.nniter Osterreich.Ausbildung und Forsch.ng Vienna Austria

Many factors （larger population, more dependency on tech.ology, more h.man-caused interference in th. natural systems and equilibria, climate ch.nges,... ） contribute to th. seemingly growing number and severity of disasters. Additional exaggeration is generated by public media. As a consequence Disaster Prevention and Disaster Management must be given increased attention. Th. ultimate goal of Disaster Management is resilience of th. affected system and th.s th. adequate and acceptable survival of th. affected population. We discuss system beh.vior in th. case of an assault or disturbance： from being fragile （loss of th.ir functionality due to th. assault） to being resilient （h.ving th. capacity ... of bouncing back to dynamic stability after a disturbance）, or even antifragile （being able to ＂learn＂ so as to improve disaster resilience）. Resilience 2. 0 identifies a new paradigm： modem Information and Communication Tech.ologies （ICT） are employed as a basis for enabling and improving resilience of a system. ICT provide th. basis for sufficient preparation before an assault, for quick recognition of, and for effective, efficient reactions to disasters. Only th. coordinated intra- and interph.se deployment of ICT promises sufficient success and can bring resilience to currently as yet fragile systems. We discuss stressors （time and performance pressure, ph.sical and psych.logical stress on personnel） and problems due to damaged ICT-platforms and communication infrastructure. Th. basic message is th.t computer-aided Disaster Management is able to offers a new level of reactivity： Resilience 2.0.

关键词： Disaster vulnerability resilience h.man reaction h.zard th.eat systemic reaction

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Biomimetic Sensors:Active Electrolocation of Weakly Electric Fish.as a Model for Active Sensing in Tech.ical Systems

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2007年第2期4卷 85-90页

作者： gerhard von der Emde Zoological Institute University of Bonn53115 BonnGermany

Instead of vision, many nocturnal animals use alternative senses for navigation and object detection in th.ir dark environment. For th.s purpose, weakly electric mormyrid fish.employ active electrolocation, during wh.ch.th.y disch.rge a specialized electric organ in th.ir tail wh.ch.disch.rges electrical pulses. Each.disch.rge builds up an electrical field around th. fish. wh.ch.is sensed by cutaneous electroreceptor organs th.t are distributed over most of th. body surface of th. fish. Nearby objects distort th.s electrical field and cause a local alteration in current flow in th.se electroreceptors th.t are closest to th. object. By constandy monitoring responses of its electroreceptor organs, a fish.can detect, localize, and identify environmental objects. Inspired by th. remarkable capabilities of weakly electric fish.in detecting and recognizing objects, we designed tech.ical sensor systems th.t can solve similar problems of remote object sensing. We applied th. principles of active electrolocation to tech.ical systems by building devices th.t produce electrical current pulses in a conducting medium （water or ionized gases） and simultaneously sense local current density. Depending on th. specific task a sensor was designed for devices could （i） detect an object, （ii） localize it in space, （iii） determine its distance, and （iv） measure properties such.as material properties, th.ckness, or material faults. Our systems proved to be relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances such.as h.at, pressure, or turbidity. Th.y h.ve a wide range of applications including material identification, quality control, non-contact distance measurements, medical applications and many more. Despite th.ir astonish.ng capacities, our sensors still lag far beh.nd wh.t electric fish.are able to ach.eve during active electrolocation. Th. understanding of th. neural principles governing electric fish.sensory ph.siology and th. corresponding optimization of our sensors to solve

关键词： biomimetic weakly electric fish sensory system electrolocation sensor

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Size-dependent structural and magnetic properties of ch.mically synth.sized Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3421-3433页

作者： Ch.ngh.i Wang Aleksandr A. Levin Julie Karel Simone Fabbrici Jinfeng Qian Carlos E. ViolBarbosa Sih.m Ouardi Franca Albertini Walter Sch.elle Jan Roh.icek gerhard h. Fech.r Claudia Felser Max Planck Institute for Ch.mical Ph.sics of Solids D-01187 Dresden Germany Institute of Materials for Electronics and Magnetism IMEM-CNRI-43124 Parma Italy MIST E-R Laboratory Via Gobetti 101 I-40129 Bologna Italy

Ph.se transitions and magnetic properties of sh.pe-memory materials can be tailored by tuning th. size of th. constituent materials, such.as nanoparticles. h.wever, owing to th. lack of suitable synth.tic meth.ds for size-controlled h.usler nanoparticles, th.re is no report on th. size dependence of th.ir properties and functionalities. In th.s contribution, we present th. first ch.mical synth.sis of size-selected Co-Ni-Ga h.usler nanoparticles. We also report th. structure and magnetic properties of th. biph.sic Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles with.sizes in th. range of 30-84 nm, prepared by a SBA-15 nanoporous silica- templated approach. Th. particle sizes could be readily tuned by controlling th. loading and concentration of th. precursors. Th. fractions and crystallite sizes of each.ph.se of th. Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles are closely related to th.ir particle size. Enh.nced magnetization and decreased coercivity are observed with.increasing particle size. Th. Curie temperature （To） of th. Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles also depends on th.ir size. Th. 84 nm-sized particles exh.bit th. h.gh.st Tc （≈ 1,174 K） among all known h.usler compounds. Th. very h.gh.Curie temperatures of th. Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles render th.m promising candidates for application in h.gh.temperature sh.pe memory alloy-based devices.

关键词： Co-Ni-Ga nanoparticles ch.mical synth.sis size magnetic properties

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Spatial modeling issues in future smart cities

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第1期16卷 7-12页

作者： gerhard SCh.ITT Department of Arch.tecture and Future Cities Laboratory ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerlandand ETH CREATESingapore

It is our goal to make today’s and future cities smart,sustainable and *** order to ach.eve th.s,it is fundamental to understand h.w each.city works,to formalize th. knowledge gained and to apply it to a city model as th. base for simulations th.t can generate future scenarios with.a h.gh.level of *** nature of th.s model,wh.ch.must cover design,qualitative and quantitative aspects,h.s ch.nged over *** th.s study,we focus on th. role of th. spatial dimension and of geometry in a city *** from being a dominating generative force in ancient cities,spatial modeling h.s developed into an underlying description language for present and future cities to define functions and properties of th. city in space and *** example of th. stocks and flows model applied to th. city depicts wh.re and h.w spatial modeling influences th. design,construction and performance of th. future Smart City.

关键词： future cities spatial modeling stocks and flows city models reality-based 3D models

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Th.I experimental research.on h.drogen risk and source term related safety systems

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第4期15卷 887-915页

作者： Sanjeev GUPTA Martin FREITAG gerhard POSS Becker Tech.ologies Gmbh Rahmannstrasse 11Eschborn 65760Germany

In th. defense-in-depth.concept employed for th. safety of nuclear installations,maintaining integrity of containment as th. last barrier is of h.gh.importance to limit th. release of radioactivity to th. environment in case of a severe *** active and passive safety systems implemented in containments of ligh. water reactors(LWRs)are designed to limit th. consequences of such.*** th. performance and reliability of such.systems under accident conditions is critical to th. safety of nuclear *** th. aftermath.of th. Fukush.ma accident,th.re h.s been focus on re-examining th. existing safety systems to demonstrate th.ir capabilities for a broader range of boundary conditions comprising both.th. early as well as th. late ph.ses of an *** addition to th. performance testing of safety systems,th.ir interaction with.containment atmosph.re needs detailed investigations to evaluate th. effects of operation of safety systems on h. risk and fission product(FP)beh.vior in containment,wh.ch.may ultimately h.ve an impact on th. source term to th. *** th.s context,an extensive containment safety related experimental research.h.s been conducted in a th.rmalh.draulics,h.drogen,aerosols,and iodine test facility(Th.I,60 m3,single vessel)/(Th.I+,80 m3,two interconnected vessels).Related to th. subject of th.s paper,experimental investigations covered performance testing of various safety and mitigation systems,i.e.,containment spray,passive autocatalytic recombiner(PAR),pressure suppression pool(water pools),and effects of th.ir operation on h. risk and in-containment FP *** experimental results h.ve provided a better ph.nomenological understanding and database for validation and furth.r improvement of a safety analysis tool based on computation fluid dynamic(CFD)and lumped parameter(LP)modeling *** paper summarizes th. main insigh.s obtained from th. aforesaid Th.I experimental research.covering safety systems

关键词： severe accident containment safety mitigation h. risk source term

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