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Agrotechnical Assessment of Struvite Application

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2021年第2期10卷 213-221页

作者： gergana peeva Huseyin Yemendzhiev Ralitza Koleva Valentin Nenov Chemical Technology Faculty of Technical Science Prof. Assen Zlatarov University Burgas Bulgaria

Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge was in use. The range of phosphates and ammonia was in the range of 130 - 250 and 380 - 560 mg/L, respectively. Seawater brine with a magnesium concentration of around 60 g Mg2+/L was applied as a source of magnesium. The agrotechnical characteristics of struvite obtained were compared to ammonium nitrate and carbamide in regards to the productivity effects on maize hybrid P9241. The results show that the effectiveness of struvite and some commercial fertilizers is quite close. The highest yield in the experiment was achieved with the application of carbamide plus ammonium nitrate (56.64 kg/ha), while in applying struvite solely it is 54.60 kg/ha. The highest protein content of maize (9.7%) was observed in the case of struvite/ammonium nitrate application.

关键词： Phosphorus Struvite Fertilizer Wastewater Treatment

Precracking and interfacial delamination in a bi-material structure:Static and dynamic loadings

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第1期27卷 80-89页

作者： Barbara Gambin Jordanka Ivanova Varbinka Valeva gergana Nikolova Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Institute of Mechanics

The behavior of a precracked bi-material structure interface under given static and dynamic axial loading is an interest object in the present ***,it is shown that the shear-lag model is a proper tool to analyze a delamination process in a precracked bi-material structure undergoing static ***,the＂shear-lag model＂is applied to the structure under dynamic *** solve the problem for an interface delamination of the structure and to determine the debond length along the interface,our own 2D boundary element method（BEM）code is proposed in the case of static loading,and the shear-lag model together with the Laplace transforms and half-analytical calculations are used in the case of dynamic *** interface layer is assumed as a very thin plate compared with the other *** parametric（geometric and elastic）analysis of the debond length and interface shear stress is done. The results from the 2D BEM code proved the validity of analytical solutions to the shear-lag *** the dynamic case,the influence of loading characteristics,i.e.,frequencies and amplitude fluctuations on the shear stress and the value of debond length for an interval of time,is discussed. The analysis of the obtained results is illustrated by an example of the modern ceramic-metal composite,namely cermet, and depicted in figures.

关键词： Debond length · Precracked bi-material structure · Shear-lag model · Delamination · BEM

Unbinding The Pillow Book

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Liver dysfunction as a cytokine storm manifestation and prognostic factor for severe COVID-19

作者： gergana Ivanova.

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 2005-2012页

作者： gergana Taneva Dimitar Dimitrov Tsvetelina Velikova Department of Gastroenterology Sveta Sofia HospitalSofia 1618Bulgaria Department of Clinical Immunology University Hospital LozenetzSofia 1407Bulgaria Medical Faculty Sofia University St.Kliment OhridskiSofia 1407Bulgaria

patients with or without preexisting liver disorders,posing a significant complication and mortality *** coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),abnormal liver function is typically ***,liver injury may occur because of the treatment as ***,cytokine storm,and hypoxia were identified as the three major factors contributing to liver damage during ***,raised liver enzymes during hospitalizations may be attributed to medications used,as well as sepsis and *** a result,the proportion of hospitalized patients afflicted with COVID-19 and pathological liver biomarkers varies from 14%to 53%.Aminotransferases and bilirubin are found most often ***,increased gamma-glutamyltransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and decreased serum albumin levels are ***,although there is no specific treatment for COVID-19,many of the drugs used to treat the infection are *** this mini-review,we focus on how liver dysfunction can be one of the features associated with the COVID-19 cytokine ***,data show that liver injury can be an independent predictor of severe COVID-19,the need for hospitalization,and death.

关键词： Liver dysfunction Liver damage Cytokine storm Prognostic factor COVID-19 Severe COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Aspartate aminotransferase Alanine aminotransferase Bilirubin Interleukin-6

Microwave-Assisted Isolation and Acetylation of Inulin from Helianthus Tuberosus L Tubers

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第7期6卷 671-679页

作者： Nadezhda Petkova gergana Gencheva Dragomir Vassilev Milena Koleva Albert Krastanov Panteley Denev Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry University of Food Technologies26 Maritza Blvd.Plovdiv4002Bulgaria Department Physics Chemistry and EcologyTechnical University of GabrovoGabrovo5300Bulgaria Department of Biotechnology University of Food Technologies26 Maritza Blvd.Plovdiv4002Bulgaria

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers are industrial crop considered as a promising source forinulin production. “Green” method was performed for accelerated inulin extraction from Helianthus tuberosus *** by the application of microwave irradiation. Further pretreatment of the water extract with acetone andethanol yielded inulin (20%) with purity 89% and degree of polymerization 18. Jerusalem artichoke inulin wascharacterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. For the first time eco-friendly synthesis of acetylated Jerusalemartichoke inulin was performed by the reaction with acetic anhydride, without toxic solvent, but only withsodium acetate as catalyst under microwave irradiation for 60 s. The degree of acetylation (DA=2.1) and thestructure of inulin esters were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. The suggested microwave acetylation shortenssignificantly the esterification reaction.

关键词： Jerusalem artichoke inulin inulin acetates microwave irradiation

Physicochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Inulin Acetate Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Synthesis

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第4期8卷 365-381页

作者： Nadezhda Petkova Radka Arabadzhieva Dragomir Vassilev gergana Gencheva Yulian Tumbarski Tsveteslava Ignatova-Ivanova Sevginar Ibryamova Mina Todorova Milena Koleva Panteley Denev Department of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry University of Food TechnologiesPlovdiv4002Bulgaria Department of Physics Chemistry and EcologyTechnical University of GabrovoGabrovo5300Bulgaria Department of Microbiology University of Food TechnologiesPlovdiv4002Bulgaria Department of Biology Konstantin Preslavsky University of ShumenShumenBulgaria

Microwave-assisted irradiation was performed for esterification of chicory inulin with high degree of polymerization with acetic anhydride without a solvent only with a *** resulting esters were characterized by melting point,hydrophilic-lipophilic balance,thin-layer chromatography,ultraviolet spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)*** acetate demonstrated a high degree of acetylation(2.5-3.0)and presented a white,water-insoluble substance with bitter *** FTIR and NMR spectra confirmed esterification and demonstrated the incorporation of hydrophobic residue to the water soluble inulin *** capacity,water holding,oil-holding capacities,the foamability,foam stability and emulsifying properties were also *** acetate showed promising foam stability 52%for 60 min and formed stable emulsions at concentration 0.2 g/L with 50 and 80%oil *** water holding capacity was lower than the oil holding *** addition to this,for the first time,the antimicrobial potential of inulin acetate was tested against seventeen microorganisms(Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,yeasts and fungi).Inulin acetate(10 mg/ml)inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus,Escherichia coli ATCC 8739,Salmonella abony,Candida albicans and Penicillium ***,inulin acetate demonstrated antimicrobial activity at concentration 1 mg/ml against Listeria monocytogenes 863,Escherichia coli 3398,Candida albicans 8673,Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus *** current study demonstrated the applications of“green”synthesized inulin acetate as a foaming agent,oil-in-water emulsion stabilizer and antimicrobial substance in pharmaceutical,agricultural and cosmetic preparations.

关键词： Inulin acetates microwave irradiation FTIR and NMR spectroscopy foams emulsions antimicrobial activity

Semen Quality in the General Population of Bulgaria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Vladislav Dobrinov Desislava Tacheva Magdalena Rangelova Milena Dobreva gergana Georgieva Iavor Vladimirov IVF Unit SBALAGRM-Sofia Sofia Bulgaria Faculty of Biology Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” Sofia Bulgaria

Background: With the accumulating evidence of semen difference between distinct populations we decided to conduct a population-based prospective study to assess the reproductive capabilities of the Bulgarian males. Objective: To evaluate the semen parameters in men from the general population of Bulgaria. To analyze the effects of BMI (Body mass index) and tobacco smoking on semen characteristics. Methods: 482 males without history of reproductive problems were included for the purpose of this study. The duration of our study was from April to May in 2016 and April in 2017. The volunteers were subdivided based on their smoking status and on their BMI. After semen collection, a conventional semen analysis was carried out manually by trained embryologists in an andrology laboratory according to WHO recommendations. The results were statistically analyzed and presented with their mean values. Result(s): After semen analysis we report a mean of 3.29 ml for semen volume, 40.68 × 106/ml for spermatozoa concentration, 128.38 × 106 for total sperm count, 52.54% of total motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate and a mean percentage of morphologically normal sperm standing at 9.6%. We did not find a negative effect of tobacco smoking on semen quality;however higher BMI is associated with lower sperm concentration per ml. Discussion and Conclusion(s): This is the first contemporary study, assessing semen quality in Bulgarians. The results obtained here show the lower quality of semen in Bulgaria, compared to other countries. No statistical differences were found between the semen quality of nonsmokers and smokers. Higher BMI was found to be associated with lower sperm concentration per milliliter.

关键词： Male Infertility Semen Analysis Sperm Concentration Body Mass Index Tobacco Smoking

Atmospheric Deposition Study in the Area of Kardzhali Lead-Zinc Plant Based on Moss Analysis

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2014年第14期5卷 920-931页

作者： gergana Hristozova Savka Marinova Lyudmila Pavlovna Strelkova Zoya Goryainova Marina Vladimirovna Frontasyeva Trajce Stafilov Faculty of Physics and Engineering Technologies Paisii Hilendarski UniversityPlovdivBulgaria Department of Neutron Activation Analysis and Applied Research Division of Nuclear PhysicsFrank Laboratory of Neutron PhysicsJoint Institute for Nuclear ResearchMoscowRussia Institute of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceSts.Cyril and Methodius UniversitySkopjeMacedonia

For the first time the moss biomonitoring technique was used to assess the environmental situation in the area affected by a lead zinc plant as one of the most hazardous enterprises in Bulgaria. 77 Hypnum cupressiforme moss samples were collected in the Kardzhali municipality, in the summer and autumn of 2011. The concentrations of a total of 47 elements were determined by means of instrumental epithermal neutron activation analysis (ENAA), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Multivariate statistics was applied to characterize the sources of elements detected in the samples. Four groups of elements were found. In comparison to the data averaged for the area outside of the town, the atmospheric deposition loads for the elements of industrial origin in Kardzhali, where the smelter chimney is located, were found to be much higher. Median levels of the measured concentrations for the most toxic metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Cu, In, Sb) were extremely high in this hot spot when compared to the median Bulgarian cross-country data from the 2010/2011 European moss survey. GIS technology was used to produce element distribution maps illustrating deposition patterns of element pollutants in the study area. The results obtained contribute to the Bulgarian environmental research used to study and control the manufacturing processes of a lead-zinc smelter in the town of Kardzhali.

关键词： Moss Biomonitoring Heavy Metals Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Targeting α-synuclein by PD03 AFFITOPE■ and Anle 138b rescues neurodegenerative pathology in a model of multiple system atrophy:clinical relevance

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第3期9卷 484-497页

作者： Miguel Lemos Serena Venezia Violetta Refolo Antonio Heras-Gavin Sabine Schmidhuber Armin Giese Andrei Leonov Sergey Ryazanov Christian Griesinger gergana Galabova Guenther Safer Gregor Karl Wenning Nadia Stefanova Division of Neurobiology Department of NeurologyInnsbruck Medical University6020 InnsbruckAustria AFFIRIS AG ViennaAustria Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversityMunichGermany Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry GottingenGermany Present Address:Origenis GmbH MunichGermany

Background:Misfolded oligomeric α-synuclein plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of a-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy,and its detection parallels activation of microglia and a loss of neurons in the substantia nigra pars *** we aimed to analyze the therapeutic efficacy of PD03,a new AFFITOPE■ immunotherapy approach,either alone or in combination with Anle138b,in a PLP-α-syn mouse ***:The PLP-α-syn mice were treated with PD03 immunotherapy,Anle138b,or a combination of *** months after study initiation,the mice underwent behavioral testing and were sacrificed for neuropathological *** treatment groups were compared to the vehicle group with regard to motor performance,nigral neuronal loss,microglial activation and α-synuclein ***:The PLP-α-syn mice receiving the PD03 or Anle138b single therapy showed improvement of gait deficits and preservation of nigral dopaminergic neurons associated with the reduced α-synuclein oligomer levels and decreased microglial *** combined therapy with Anle138b and PD03 resulted in lower lgG binding in the brain as compared to the single immunotherapy with ***:PD03 and Anle138b can selectively target oligomeric α-synuclein,resulting in attenuation of neurodegeneration in the PLP-α-syn *** approaches are potential therapies that should be developed further for disease modification in α-synucleinopathies.

关键词： α-Synuclein Immunotherapy Oligomer modulation Target engagement Substantia nigra Microglia