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基于双频正交光栅一维相移的相位测量偏折术研究

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中国激光 2015年第3期42卷 264-269页

作者：刘元坤 Evelyn Olesch 杨征 gerd hausler 苏显渝四川大学电子信息学院光电科学技术系四川成都610065 德国埃尔兰根纽伦堡大学光、信息与光子研究所埃尔兰根91058

提出一种新的相移方法,该方法将原独立的水平和垂直一维正弦光栅集成为单幅正交正弦光栅图,再采用双频光栅相移方法,从而实现仅通过某一特定方向相移即可获取两正交相位分布,并进而计算出待测面的梯度分布并由梯度分布恢复待测表面面形... 详细信息

提出一种新的相移方法,该方法将原独立的水平和垂直一维正弦光栅集成为单幅正交正弦光栅图,再采用双频光栅相移方法,从而实现仅通过某一特定方向相移即可获取两正交相位分布,并进而计算出待测面的梯度分布并由梯度分布恢复待测表面面形。详细介绍了双频光栅相移方法,推导了相移方向与双频光栅相移的对应关系。在传统方法中,须独立投影或显示水平和垂直一维正弦光栅,且分别进行相移测量,因此共需2×N幅图像(N≥3);而在双频正交光栅相移方法中,最少需要5幅图像。当采用机械相移时,传统方法需要二维相移机构,而该方法仅需一维相移机构,因此该方法具有成本低、测量速度快、结构简单等优点。实测的眼镜片结果,验证了该方法的可行性。

关键词：测量正交光栅相移相位测量偏折术结构光照明三维成像

Unexpected Twinning and Phase-Transition of the Indentation Standards, Their Transition Energies, and Scientific Dichotomy

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第6期12卷 2119-2159页

作者： gerd Kaupp Department of Chemistry University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany

The general use of aluminium as an indentation standard for the iteration of contact heights for the determination of ISO-14577 hardness and elastic modulus is challenged because of as yet not appreciated phase-changes in the physical force-depth standard curve that seemed to be secured by claims from 1992. The physical and mathematical analyses with closed formulas avoid the still world-wide standardized energy-law violation by not reserving 33.33% (h2 belief) (or 20% h3/2 physical law) of the loading force and thus energy for all not depth producing events but using 100% for the depth formation is a severe violation of the energy law. The not depth producing part of the indentation work cannot be done with zero energy! Both twinning and structural phase-transition onsets and normalized phase-transition energies are now calculated without iterations but with physically correct closed arithmetic equations. These are reported for Berkovich and cubecorner indentations, including their comparison on geometric grounds and an indentation standard without mechanical twinning is proposed. Characteristic data are reported. This is the first detection of the indentation twinning of aluminium at room temperature and the mechanical twinning of fused quartz is also new. Their disqualification as indentation standards is established. Also, the again found higher load phase-transitions disqualify aluminium and fused quartz as ISO-ASTM 14577 (International Standardization Organization and American Society for Testing and Materials) standards for the contact depth “hc” iterations. The incorrect and still world-wide used black-box values for h- and Er-values (the latter are still falsely called “Young’s moduli” even though they are not directional) and all mechanical properties that depend on them. They lack relation to bulk moduli from compression experiments. Experimentally obtained and so published force vs depth parabolas always follow the linear FN = kh3/2 + Fa equation, where

关键词： Aluminium Fused Quartz Copper Twinning Structural Phase-Transitions Undue Indentation Standards Data Manipulation ZerodurR Absolute hardness

hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1307-1327页

作者： Yaming Liu Dario Esposto Lisa K.Mahdi Andrea Porzel Pauline Stark hidayat hussain Anja Scherr-henning Simon Isfort Ulschan.Bathe Ivan F.Acosta Alga Zuccaro gerd U.Balcke Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Institute for Plant Sciences Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS)Cologne BiocenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research CologneGermany horticultural Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA.

Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense *** include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen ***,we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana(Bs)and Fusarium graminearum(Fg)at the metabolite *** identify hordedanes,a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties,as critical players in these *** of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 60o-kb gene *** reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes,including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid(19-Oh-hTA).Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but,unexpectedly,show reduced Bs *** contrast,colonization by Fusarium graminearum,another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat,is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking ***,19-Oh-hTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs,whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi,including *** of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of *** together,these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.

关键词： barley hordeum vulgare diterpenoid phytoalexins gene cluster pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokininiana Fusarium graminearum

A hierarchy of Compatibility and Comeasurability Levels in Quantum Logics with Unique Conditional Probabilities

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2010年第12期54卷 974-980页

作者： gerd Niestegge Zillertalstrasse 39 81373 Muenchen Germany

In the quantum mechanical hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hocadd-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model *** involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics withunique conditional *** includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probabilityconditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lüders-von Neumann measurement *** the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of thequantum logics with unique conditional *** meanings are: the absence of quantum interference orinfluence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final stateafter two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements.A further level means that twoelements of the quantum logic (events) belong to the same Boolean *** the general case, the five compatibilityand comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common hilbert space formalism of quantummechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.

关键词： quantum measurement conditional probability quantum logic operator algebras

IPAAm凝胶在丙酮水溶液中溶胀行为的关联与预报(英文)

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物理化学学报 2004年第3期20卷 244-250页

作者：许小平 Andreas hüther gerd Maurer 福州大学化学化工学院福州350002 Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik Universitt Kaiserslautern

基于Maurer和Prausnitz的凝胶相平衡条件,建立了凝胶的溶胀模型.模型假设凝胶是以凝胶组分及凝胶吸收的溶液为核心,以弹性半渗透膜为壳的复合体.并采用UNIQUAC方程计算凝胶相及与之共存液相的Gibbs过剩自由能,采用“phantomnetwork”理... 详细信息

基于Maurer和Prausnitz的凝胶相平衡条件,建立了凝胶的溶胀模型.模型假设凝胶是以凝胶组分及凝胶吸收的溶液为核心,以弹性半渗透膜为壳的复合体.并采用UNIQUAC方程计算凝胶相及与之共存液相的Gibbs过剩自由能,采用“phantomnetwork”理论计算凝胶的弹性自由能,采用“自由体积”计算分子的尺度效应.同时以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(IPAAm)为单体合成了IPAAm凝胶.研究了25℃时IPAAm凝胶在丙酮水溶液中的溶胀行为,并测定了丙酮在胶体相和与之共存液相中的分配,以检验模型的关联与预报能力.结果表明,模型预报的单体总量和交联剂浓度对凝胶溶胀的影响与实验符合得很好.而且凝胶溶胀时,能很好地预测丙酮在两相中的分配,表明模型具有很好的关联和预报能力.

关键词：水凝胶溶胀模型 N-异丙基丙烯酰胺丙酮水溶液溶胀行为胶体相液相关联预报

Multiobjective Electric Machine Optimization for highest Reliability Demands

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2020年第2期4卷 71-78页

作者： gerd Bramerdorfer Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics Johannes Kepler University LinzAustria

This article is about illustrating a workflow for incorporating reliability measures to typical electric machine design optimization *** measures facilitate comparing designs not only for rated conditions,but also allow to analyze their performance in the presence of unevitable ***,by additionally considering reliability or robustness as objectives compared to conventional optimization scenarios,designs featuring low parameter sensitiveness can be *** analysis of the design’s reliability as part of solving optimization problems involves a significant increase in required numerical *** minimize the associated prolongation of the runtime,an approach featuring a design of experiments based reduction of required computations and a consequent surrogate modeling technique is presented *** successful training,the metamodel can be applied for fast evaluating lots of different parameter combinations.A test problem is defined and *** on the observed findings,the necessity of incorporating robustness evaluations to machine design optimization becomes *** addition,the derived models allow for studying the impact of any tolerance-affected parameter on the machine performance in *** facilitates further beneficial studies,as for instance the analysis of selected changes of tolerance levels rather than a general minimization of the respective ranges which usually is associated with high production cost.

关键词： electric machine optimization,reliability ro-bustness,sensitivity six sigma tolerance analysis

Robustness Criteria for Concurrent Evaluation of the Impact of Tolerances in Multiobjective Electric Machine Design Optimization

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2020年第1期4卷 3-12页

作者： gerd Bramerdorfer Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics Johannes Kepler University LinzAustria

This article is about a comparison of different measures for determining the robustness or reliability of electric machine designs in the presence of inevitable *** selected criteria shall be suitable for concurrent evaluation in the course of solving state-of-the-art large scale multi-objective opti-mization *** the past,besides particularly customized criteria,mainly gradient based measures,worst case information,or standard deviation based quantities were *** this work,the quantile measure is introduced for electric machine design optimization and compared with the existing *** evaluation of a design’s robustness is typically examined based on finite element *** for most measures a signif-icant number of parameter combinations and thus computations are required,a surrogate model assisted approach is presented to minimize computational effort and runtime.A test problem is defined and analyzed to illustrate the differences of selected robustness *** reveal the importance of considering robustness in the optimization ***,a careful choice of appropriate measures has to be *** designs are compared and conclusions and an outlook on future activities are presented.

关键词： electric machine optimization robustness sen-sitivity six sigma tolerance analysis quantile

Thermochemical Treatment——Technologies for Recovery and Utilisation of Materials

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过程工程学报 2006年第2期6卷 231-236页

作者： gerd Kley Rudolf Brenneis Burkart Adamczyk Franz-Georg Simon Division Waste Treatment and Remedial Eng. Federal Inst. Materials Research and Testing BAM Berlin 12200 Germany

The arc furnace technology is an ideally suited process for the treatment of hazardous and problematic waste. The operation conditions of the furnace can be adapted for optimal transformation of the waste material input into raw materials and usable products. The process can significantly reduce the impact of contaminated wastes and industrial residues, and enable material conversion and separation. Thus, the products of the process have various applications. The capability of the process is illustrated with three examples, the treatment of bottom ash and filter ash from waste incineration plants, of stainless steel slags and of chromium-containing residues from the refractory industry.

关键词：热化学处理原料分离耐火材料不锈钢

Functional neuroanatomy in panic disorder:Status quo of the research

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2017年第1期7卷 12-33页

作者： Thomas Sobanski gerd Wagner Department of Psychiatry Psychotherapyand Psychosomatic MedicineThueringen-Kliniken GmbH Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyJena University Hospital

AIM To provide an overview of the current research in the functional neuroanatomy of panic *** Panic disorder(PD) is a frequent psychiatric disease. Gorman et al(1989; 2000) proposed a comprehensive neuroanatomical model of PD, which suggested that fear-and anxiety-related responses are mediated by a so-called "fear network" which is centered in the amygdala and includes the hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray region, locus coeruleus and other brainstem sites. We performed a systematic search by the electronic database PubMed. Thereby, the main focus was laid on recent neurofunctional, neurostructural, and neurochemical studies(from the period between January 2012 and April 2016). Within this frame, special attention was given to the emerging field of imaging genetics. RESULTS We noted that many neuroimaging studies have reinforced the role of the "fear network" regions in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. however, recent functional studies suggest abnormal activation mainly in an extended fear network comprising brainstem, anterior and midcingulate cortex(ACC and MCC), insula, and lateral as well as medial parts of the prefrontal cortex. Interestingly, differences in the amygdala activation were not as consistently reported as one would predict from the hypothesis of Gorman et al(2000). Indeed, amygdala hyperactivation seems to strongly depend on stimuli and experimental paradigms, sample heterogeneity and size, as well as on limitations of neuroimaging techniques. Advanced neurochemical studies have substantiated the major role of serotonergic, noradrenergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of PD. however, alterations of GABAergic function in PD are still a matter of debate and also their specificity remains questionable. A promising new research approach is "imaging genetics". Imaging genetic studies are designed to evaluate the impact of genetic variations(polymorphisms) on cerebral function in reg

关键词： Panic disorder Anterior cingulate cortex Amygdala Insula Functional magnetic resonance imaging Diffusion tensor imaging Voxel-based morphometry Imaging genetics Serotonin Noradrenaline