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Host-parasite interactions in perpetual darkness:Macroparasite diversity in the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus

Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 782-792页

作者： Ana Santacruz David Hernández-Mena Ramses Miranda-Gamboa gerardo pérez-ponce de león Claudia patricia Ornelas-García departamento de Zoología Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City CP 04510México departamento de Sistemas y procesos naturales Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad MéridaUcúYucatán CP 97357México Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoTemixcoMorelos CP 62580México Colección nacional de peces Departamento de ZoologíaInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéxico City CP 04510México Stowers Institute for Medical Research Kansas CityMO 64110USA

Astyanax mexicanus has repeatedly colonized cave environments,displaying evolutionary parallelisms in many troglobitic traits.despite being a model system for the study of adaptation to life in perpetual darkness,the parasites that infect cavefish are practically unknown.In this study,we investigated the macroparasite communities in 18 cavefish populations from independent lineages and compared them with the parasite diversity found in their sister surface fish populations,with the aim of better understanding the role that parasites play in the colonization of new environments.Within the cavefish populations,we identified 13 parasite taxa,including a subset of 10 of the 27 parasite taxa known for the surface populations.parasites infecting the cavefish belong to five taxonomic groups,including trematodes,monogeneans,nematodes,copepods,and acari.Monogeneans are the most dominant group,found in 14 caves.The macroparasites include species with direct life cycles and trophic transmission,including invasive species.Surprisingly,paired comparisons indicate higher parasite richness in the cavefish than in the surface fish.Spatial variation in parasite composition across the caves suggests historical and geographical contingencies in the host-parasite colonization process and potential evolution of local adaptations.This base-line data on parasite diversity in cavefish populations of A.mexicanus provides a foundation to explore the role of divergent parasite infections under contrasting ecological pressures(cave vs.surface environments)in the evolution of cave adaptive traits.

关键词： Adaptation Metazoan parasites niche change parasite assemblage prevalence

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Helminth parasites of freshwater fishes from Cuatro Ciénegas,Coahuila,in the Chihuahuan desert of Mexico:inventory and biogeographical implications

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 328-339页

作者： Rogelio AGUILAR-AGUILAR Andrés MARTÍnEZ-AQUInO Héctor ESpInOSA-pÉrez gerardo pérez-ponce de león Comparative Biology department National Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Laboratory of Helminthology National Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico Graduate program in Biological Sciences National Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico national Collection of Fish National Autonomous University of MexicoMexico CityMexico

As part of an ongoing inventory of the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes in Mexico, 570 individual fish were collected between Apr 2008 and Oct 2011 in 26 localities along the Cuatro Ciénegas region in Coahuila State, northern Mexico. Seventeen species of hosts, mostly corresponding to nearctic freshwater elements, were studied. A total of 8324 individual worms were collected during this survey, representing 25 species of helminths, of which 9 were digeneans, 3 monogeneans, 3 acanthocephalans, 9 nematodes and 1 cestode. Most of the records in this checklist represent new host or locality records. The information provided in this checklist may be helpful for our understanding of the biodiversity and historical biogeography of this host-parasite system, because in the Cuatro Ciénegas region occur a nearctic freshwater fish fauna, along with neotropical and endemic elements, and from a biogeographical point of view, this may represent a transitional area.

关键词： Acanthocephala Cestoda Cuatro Ciénegas Digenea freshwater fish Mexico Monogenea nematoda

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post-fire recovery of puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán national park, perú

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUnI Giovana p.VADILLO César ARAnA Enoc JARA-pEnA letty SALInAS M.Estela ponce paul M.RAMSAY plant physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán national park in peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding

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World Journal of Clinical pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 135-145页

作者： Sandra Gabriela Sánchez-González Bárbara Gabriela Cárdenas-del-Castillo Elvira Garza-González gerardo R padilla-Rivas Isaías Rodríguez-Balderrama Consuelo Treviño-Garza Fernando Félix Montes-Tapia gerardo C palacios-Saucedo Anthony Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Manuel Enrique de-la-O-Cavazos department of pediatrics Hospital Universitario“Dr.JoséEleuterio González”Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico department of pediatric Surgery Hospital Universitario"Dr.JoséEleuterio González"Monterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMéxico

BACKGROUnD preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns,with very-low-birthweight infants usually experiencing several complications.Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition,especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization,because it contains beneficial microorganisms,such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.AIM To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less.METHODS An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less,born at the University Hospital Dr.JoséEleuterio González at Monterrey,Mexico.A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding(BM)and mixed feeding(MF)groups(21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group),from October 2017 to June 2019.Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type.After full enteral feeding was achieved,the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRnA gene sequencing.numerical variables were compared using Student’s t-test or using the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric variables.Dominance,evenness,equitability,Margalef’s index,Fisher’s alpha,Chao-1 index,and Shannon’s diversity index were also calculated.RESULTS no significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups.Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group(pn addition,higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample(p=0.040).According to the Margalef index,Fisher’s alpha,and Chao-1 index,a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample,regardless of the feeding type,was observed(ppredominant phyla were Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,and proteobacteria,with proteobacteria being the most abundant.However,no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples

关键词： Gut microbiota Human milk preterm infant proteobacteria Very low birth weight 16S rRnA

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Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy for gastric outlet obstruction in Mexico

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World Journal of Surgical procedures 2024年第3期14卷 15-20页

作者： Massiel Madelin Rosario-Morel Rodrigo Soto-Solis Katia picazo-Ferrera Miriam Idalia Torres-Ruiz JoséAlberto Estradas-Trujillo Mario Alberto Gallardo-Ramírez gerardo Akram Darwich-del Moral Luis Ariel Waller-González department of Endoscopy Centro Médico Nacional“20 de Noviembre”ISSSTEMexico City 03229Mexico department of Gastroenterology HospitalÁngeles PedregalMexico City 10700Mexico department of Endoscopy Centro Médico ABCMexico City 01120Mexico department of Endoscopy Hospital General de México“Dr.Eduardo Liceaga”Mexico City 06720Mexico

BACKGROUnD Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy(EUS-GE)has recently emerged as an alternative treatment for gastric outlet obstruction(GOO)in selected patients.AIM To report the initial experience of EUS-GE in patients with GOO.METHODS This study was a retrospective,observational,multicenter study in which the data from 10 patients who underwent EUS-GE due to GOO between September 2021 and May 2023 were collected.We analyzed technical success,clinical success,adverse events,and survival.Technical success was defined as adequate positioning and deployment of the stent.Clinical success was defined as the patient’s ability to tolerate oral intake without vomiting 7 d after the procedure.postprocedural adverse events were recorded.RESULTS Eleven procedures in 10 patients with GOO were included.The mean age of the patients was 67.5 years(range:56-77 years).Malignant GOO was present in 9 patients.Technical success was achieved in 9/11 procedures(82%).Among them,clinical success was achieved in 9 patients(100%).Adverse events occurred in 1 patient(9%).The median survival was 3 months(n=7;range:1-8 months).COnCLUSIOn EUS-GE is a feasible therapeutic option in the treatment of GOO.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy Gastric outlet obstruction Lumen apposing metal stent Interventional endoscopic ultrasound Gastrojejunostomy Duodenal stenting

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new paradigm of oral rehydration in patients affected by irritable bowel syndrome with chronic diarrhea

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第1期15卷 1-4页

作者： Marco Chiarelli Matilde de Simone gerardo Cioffi Ugo Cioffi department of Emergency and Robotic Surgery A.Manzoni Hospital–ASST LeccoLecco 23900Italy department of Surgery University of MilanVia F.Sforza 3520122 MilanoMilano 20122Italy department of Sciences and Technologies UnisannioBenevento 82100Italy department of Surgery University of MilanMilano 20122Italy

Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea is a very frequent clinical condition characterized by disabling intestinal symptoms.This disease presents with daily abdominal pain for at least 3 months related to defecation and associated with a change in the frequency of bowel movements and the shape of the stool.International surveys about this disease report a global prevalence of about 1.5%.A new amino acid based electrolyte solution has recently been commercialized for oral rehydration in diarrhea.It is composed of water,electrolytes,and five selected amino acids that function as sodium co-transporters without containing glucose.In recent years,some studies explored the effectiveness of the amino acid based electrolyte beverage in oncologic patients with gastrointestinal mucositis,reporting good results.Recently,a prospective study to evaluate the clinical impact of the amino acid based medical beverage was conducted in patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome.The research was based on a real-life methodology minimizing the disruption of the routine care.One hundred patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea drank a solution based on selected amino acids twice a day for 2 wk.Each enrolled patient completed the study and showed a significant response rate with regard to stool consistency and pain reduction.Based on this data,we can hypothesize that the amino acid based oral rehydration solution could be a valid tool in the treatment of patients affected by irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.It is certainly necessary to plan highquality clinical trials comparing glucose based oral solutions and amino acid based solutions in patients with persisting diarrhea.probably in the near future all oral rehydration solutions will contain amino acids.

关键词： Diarrhea Irritable bowel syndrome Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome Medical food Amino acid beverage formulation

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Six forests in one:Tree species diversity in the Bosque protector Chongón Colonche,a lowland mountain range in coastal Ecuadorian

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第6期9卷 725-733页

作者： Oswaldo Jadan David ADonoso Edwin ponce-Ramírez Franz pucha-Cofrep Omar Cabrera Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad de Cuenca12 de Octubre y Diego de TapiaCuenca010107Ecuador programa de Doctorado en Conservacion de Recursos naturales Escuela Internacional de DoctoradoUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosMostolesMadridES-28933Spain departamento de Biología Escuela Politecnica NacionalLadron de Guevara E11⋅253Quito170525Ecuador Geoforest S.A 12 de febrero y Av.Franklin VegaMacas140150Ecuador Grupo de Investigacion Hidrología y Climatología Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaSan Cayetano Alto S/NLoja110101Ecuador Brandenburg University of Technology(BTU)Cottbus-Senftenberg 03044CottbusGermany departamento de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaSan Cayetano Alto S/NLoja110101Ecuador

Tropical mountain ranges shape the structure of tree communities and promote highly diverse natural habitats.The“Bosque protector Chong on-Colonche”(BpCC),an 86,000-ha mountain formation situated on the coast of Ecuador,is biogeographically important for the region by connecting floristic elements of the wet Choco and the dry Tumbesian forests.Our understanding of the factors that model tree and palm diversity and distribution in this mountain range are limited.We measured and identified all trees and palms(DBH≥10 cm)in 289 plots of0.2 ha,distributed throughout BpCC.We used generalized linear models to explain the relationship between forest diversity and structure and climatic variables(temperature,rain,aridity),and altitude.We then used cluster and non-metric multidimensional scale(nMDS)analyses to search for distinct forest communities within the BpCC.Variance partition(varpart)was used to determine which predictor variables best explained these distinct forest communities.A species indicator analysis identified the species most likely to define these distinct forest communities.Finally,we carried out a niche modeling approach to identify the potential distribution of these forest communities within BpCC.In total,we identified 220 tree and palm species in our survey.The average number of species per plot was 17.8±5.8,ranging from 3 to 40 species.Classification methods sorted the 289study plots into six different forest communities,three communities in the dry forest and three in the semi-humid Garúa forest.precipitation and temperature,but not altitude or aridity,explained floristic composition.These results emphasize the high but little cataloged diversity in the lowland mountain rainforests of coastal Ecuador.

关键词： Chongón-Colonche Climatic variables Dry forest Forest communities Garúa forest

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Combined Oxidative phosphorylation deficiency-20-Exome as a Diagnostic Implement

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 7-12页

作者： paulo Roberto Matos-neto Lucas Antonissen Lima Verde Airton Ferreira da ponte-Filho Luís Eduardo Oliveira Matos Amandha Espavier Trés paulo Roberto Lacerda leal gerardo Cristino-Filho Regina Coeli de Carvalho porto Carneiro Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Cear Sobral Cear Brazil department of neurosurgery Federal University of Cear Sobral Cear Brazil department of neuropediatrics Federal University of Cear Sobral Cear Brazil

Mitochondrial disorders are phenotypically varied, with serious clinical repercussions. Among them, there is the deficiency of combined oxidative phosphorylation of type 20, which occurs due to a defect in the VARS2 gene. This article presents a case of a 2-year-old female with progressive myoclonic epilepsy and psychomotor regression, with refractoriness to multiple anticonvulsants. The diagnosis was only made after the examination was carried out. Therefore, this article highlights the aspects of this rare disease and the importance of the exome for the diagnosis of rare conditions.

关键词： Oxidative phosphorylation Epilepsy Exome Mitochondrial defect VARS2

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Identification of Rhizobia Isolated from nodules of Mexican Commercial Soybean Varieties

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American Journal of plant Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 29-45页

作者： Cecilia Vázquez Rodríguez Lourdes Vital López Jesús gerardo García Olivares Homar Rene Gill Langarica Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal Centro de Biotecnología Genómica Instituto Politécnico Nacional Reynosa México Carrera de Mantenimiento Industrial Universidad Tecnológica de Tamaulipas Norte Universidad Tecnológica Reynosa México

Rhizobia, crucial for nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants, play a vital role in soybean cultivation. This study, conducted in Mexico, a major soybean importer, aimed to identify bacteria from nodules of five soybean varieties in high-production regions. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was employed for enhanced species resolution. The study identified six Bradyrhizobium species: Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110, Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6, Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA 76, Bradyrhizobium neotropicale, Bradyrhizobium lablabi, and Bradyrhizobium icense. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110 predominated in the soils, displaying symbiotic preference for the Huasteca 400 variety. However, phylogenetic analysis didn't reveal a clear association between strains, soil, and soybean variety. This research sheds light on the diversity of rhizobia in Mexican soybean cultivation, contributing to the understanding of symbiotic relationships in soybean production systems.

关键词： nodules Soybean Housekeeping Genes MLSA Rhizobia Bradyrhizobium nitrogen Fixation Symbiosis phylogenetic Analysis

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A Systematic Review of Cannabidiol Effects in Coronary Syndromes: Challenges to Clinical Translation

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 246-263页

作者： Mario E. Zuñiga-Ayala Alejandra Meaney-Martínez Alejandro Alcocer-Chauvet Vidal Gonzalez-Coronado nestor Rubio-Infante gerardo Garcia-Rivas department of Cardiology Instituto de Seguridad Social and Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Hospital Regional Primero de Octubre Mexico City Mexico department of Interventional Cardiology Instituto de Seguridad Social y Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Hospital Regional Primero de Octubre Mexico City Mexico Instituto Tecnó logico de Monerrey Escuela de Medicina and Ciencias de la Salud C&#225tedra de Cardiolog&#237a and Medicina Vascular Monterrey Mexico

Background: Myocardial ischemia in addition to other several cardiac syndromes represent a pathological proinflammatory state alongside a complex cellular microenvironment that can be modified by using cannabinoids. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound of cannabis has been recently proposed as an immudomodulatory and cardioprotective drug. Objectives: In this systematic review we sought to clarify and summarize the clinical and preclinical evidence of potential benefit of the use of CBD in coronary syndromes. Methods: We conducted a systematic search and review according to the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (pRISMA) and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARAdeS) guidelines, in the electronic database from pubMed, Web of Science and Scopus up to April 2022 using predefined search terms. pre-specified exclusion and inclusion criteria were considered, finally 11 articles were chosen to be included for this peer review. Results: Currently there are no good-quality clinical trials with the use of CBD in acute or chronic coronary syndromes. A total of 11 preclinical studies where prescreened and 5 demonstrated reproducible positive cardiovascular outcomes on in-vivo models treated with CBD. Mechanisms of CBD cardioprotection observed: 1) reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, 2) activation of adenosine receptors and 3) increased expression of angiotensin type 2-receptor. Experimental models included ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, and metabolic syndrome-like conditions. Conclusion: no clinical recommendation can be issued with the current evidence, on the use of CBD in acute and chronic coronary syndromes. Based on preclinical evidence, we considered there is enough evidence to propose the development of well-designed clinical trials that include CBD in the management of coronary syndromes.

关键词： Cannabis Cannabidiol Acute Coronary Syndromes Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Ischemia and Oxidative Stress

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