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Alternative Exposure Parameters and Post Process Noise Reduction Expect Considerable Dose Reduction in Single Mammography Views—Initial Experience on Mastectomy Specimens

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2013年第3期2卷 91-96页

作者： Adriana M. j. Bluekens Ruben Evan Engen Nico Karssemeij.r Klaas H. Schuur Mireille j. M. Broeders gerard j. den Heeten gerard j. den Heeten Department of Radiology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands National Expert and Training Centre for Breast Cancer Screening Nijmegen The Netherlands St. Elisabeth Hospital Department of Radiology Tilburg The Netherlands

Obj.ctive: To experimentally indicate a lower limit of dose in mammographic imaging yielding adequate image quality for complementary diagnostic views, by evaluation of image series with different exposure parameters and additional image processing on mastectomy specimens with diverse pathology. Methods: Image series were obtained on seven specimens with different target-filter combinations at different exposure values. Three experienced radiologists assessed the lowest acceptable dose level per specimen using a relative grading technique. With the standard image as reference, fibroglandular tissue and pathological structures, including microcalcifications, were evaluated. Subsequently, a series of pixel binning processes was tested and subj.ctively assessed on the selected images. Results: The lowest dose level at which image quality was acceptable, and achieved with a W/Ag target-filter combination at 32 kV and 4 mAs. These images can be acquired with 10.4% to 22.4% of the average glandular dose in standard images. Post process pixel binning added to the interpretability of such low dose images. Conclusion: This specimen study suggests that dose level of mammography images might be reduced substantially by general application of a W/Ag spectrum, particularly when combined with post process noise reduction. Future studies should focus on the feasibility of this technique in clinical mammography.

关键词： Digital Mammography Dose Reduction

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China's “Stop-go Pattern”Economy and its Choice of Macroeconomic Policies——A Simple Macroeconometric Model

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南开经济研究 1994年第S1期 12-20页

作者： F.gerard Adams Director of Economics Research Unit of University of Pennsylvania U. S. A

China has achievedhigh growth rates since1949, when compared witheither advanced economies,developing economies, oreven with the former SovietUnion bloc. Some econo-mists (e. g. F. G. Adams

关键词：军令

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Current and future opportunities for liquid biopsy of circulating biomarkers to aid in early cancer detection

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j.urnal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 334-344页

作者： Susan H.Gawel Laurel j.ckson Nicolette j.anblanc gerard j.Davis Abbott Diagnostics Division Abbott LaboratoriesAbbott ParkIL 60064USA

Early diagnosis of cancer can significantly improve treatment and survival *** and tissue biopsy are the gold standard diagnostic approaches but are costly,invasive,and often unable to detect early-stage *** past decade has marked an acceleration in the discovery and development of liquid biopsy tests for aiding in the detection of various types of tumor markers in non-tissue samples,such as *** biopsy markers include circulating tumor cells,as well as tumor cell fragments,nucleic acids,and *** biopsy may be useful in screening patients considered to be at high risk of developing cancer,for refining diagnosis when combined with other test results,and for early detection of *** in big data analytics,informatics,and artificial intelligence will make it possible to combine patient history,clinical data,and liquid biopsy marker profiles to achieve more accurate and earlier *** this review,we summarize the current use of liquid biopsy in cancer care,including the development of multi-analyte panels to improve diagnostic accuracy and detect several cancer types in a single *** highlight recent advances for potential future applications of liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis of early-stage lung *** also discuss the opportunities and challenges of integrating liquid biopsy into current algorithms for cancer screening and diagnosis.

关键词： Cancer early detection diagnostic algorithm biomarkers blood serum analyte

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Digital blinding of radiographs to mask allocation in a randomized control trial

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World j.urnal of Orthopedics 2017年第10期8卷 785-789页

作者： gerard P Slobogean Lukasz Soswa Giuliana Rotunno Peter j.O'Brien Kelly A Lefaivre Department of Orthopaedics University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics University of British Columbia University of Maryland School of Medicine

AIM To demonstrate the effectiveness of a digital radiographic altering technique in concealing treatment allocation to blind outcome assessment of distal femur fracture *** Digital postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs from a sample of 33 randomly-selected patients with extra-articular distal femur fractures treated by surgical fixation at a Level 1 trauma center were included. Using commercially available digital altering software, we devised a technique to blind the radiographs by overlaying black boxes over the implant hardware while preserving an exposed fracture site for assessment of fracture healing. Three fellowship-trained surgeons evaluated a set of blinded radiographs twice and a control set of unblinded radiographs once. Each set of radiographs were reviewed independently and in a randomly-assigned order. The degrees of agreement and disagreement among evaluators in identifying implant type while reviewing both blinded and unblinded radiographs were assessed using the Bang Blinding Index and j.mes Blinding Index. The degree of agreement in fracture union was assessed using kappa *** The assessment of blinded radiographs with both the Bang Blinding Index(BBI) and j.mes Blinding Index(j.I) demonstrated a low degree of evaluator success at identifying implant type(Mean BBI, far cortical locking:-0.03, SD: 0.04; Mean BBI, standard screw: 0, SD: 0; j.I: 0.98, SD: 0), suggesting near perfect blinding. The assessment of unblinded radiographs with both blinding indices demonstrated a high degree of evaluator success at identifying implant type(Mean BBI, far cortical locking: 0.89, SD: 0.19; Mean BBI, standard screw: 0.87, SD: 0.04; j.I: 0.26, SD: 0.12), as expected. There was moderate agreement with regard to assessment of fracture union among the evaluators in both the blinded(Kappa: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.25-0.52) and unblinded(Kappa: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.25-0.45) arms of the study. There was no statistically significant differen

关键词： Methods Randomized controlled trials Patient outcome assessment Fracture healing Femoral fractures

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Travel time reliability with and without the dynamic use of hard shoulder:Field assessment from a French motorway

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j.urnal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第6期3卷 520-530页

作者： Neila Bhouri Maurice Aron gerard Scemama IFSTFAR/COSYS/GRETFIA Laboratory Universite Paris-EstMarne-la-vallee 77447France

Traffic management aims to ensure a high quality of service for most users by decreasing congestion and increasing safety. However, uncertainty regarding travel time decreases the quality of service and leads end-users to change their routes and schedules even when the average travel time is low, Indicators describing travel time reliability are being developed and should be used in the future both for the optimization and the assessment of active traffic management operation. This paper describes a managed lane experience on a motorway weaving section in France - hard shoulder running operation in rush hours. The paper is focused on travel time reliability indicators and their use for reliability assessment. It provides some discussions about the advantages and drawbacks of reliability indicators under different traffic conditions. It particularly shows the difference between using buffer times and buffer indexes. The paper also discusses the difficulty of interpreting the skew of travel time distribution for travel reliability,

关键词： Travel reliability Travel time Managed lanes Hard shoulder Recurrent congestion Traffic management assessment

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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j.urnal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold j.nifer Murphy-Smith Chee H.Ng David Mischoulon gerard j.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk j.rome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Obj.ctive The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress and apoptotic induction in microglial BV-2 cells treated with sodium arsenate

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 44-51页

作者： Wafa Kharroubi Samia Hai Ahmed Thomas Nury Pierre Andreoletti Rachid Sakly Mohamed Hammami gerard Lizard Univ.Bourgogne Franche-Comte Laboratory Bio-PeroxIL Biochemistry of the PeroxisomeInflammation and Lipid Metabolism EA7270/INSERMFaculty of Sciences GabrielDijon 21000France Laboratory of Nutrition-Functional Foods and Vascular Diseases Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MonastirMonastir 5019Tunisia

The treatment of microglial BV-2 cells with sodium arsenate（As（V）：0.1-400 μmol/L — 48 hr）induces a dose-dependent *** neurotoxic effects of high concentrations of As（V）（100,200 and 400 μmol/L） are characterized by increased levels of mitochondrial complexesⅠ,Ⅱ,and Ⅳ followed by increased superoxide anion ***,As（V） triggers an apoptotic mode of cell death,demonstrated by an apoptotic SubG1 peak,associated with an alteration of plasma membrane *** is also a decrease in transmembrane mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate *** is therefore tempting to speculate that As（V） triggers mitochondrial dysfunction,which may lead to defective oxidative phosphorylation subsequently causing mitochondrial oxidative damage,which in turn induces an apoptotic mode of cell death.

关键词： Sodium arsenate Microglial BV-2 cells Mitochondrial dysfunction Oxidative phosphorylation complexes Superoxide anions Apoptosis

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采用桥电路与Chirp电压的频域介电谱测试技术

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中国电机工程学报 2015年第18期35卷 4790-4798页

作者：杨旭 NIELSEN Shawn LEDWICH gerard 昆士兰科技大学

频域介电谱响应测试技术广泛应用于评估变压器油纸绝缘系统的老化状态。为突出松弛极化过程及缩短测试时间，首次利用桥式电路和Chirp波形电压对现有的频域介电谱测试技术进行了改进。其中桥式电路用来消除几何电容的主导作用同时测量... 详细信息

频域介电谱响应测试技术广泛应用于评估变压器油纸绝缘系统的老化状态。为突出松弛极化过程及缩短测试时间，首次利用桥式电路和Chirp波形电压对现有的频域介电谱测试技术进行了改进。其中桥式电路用来消除几何电容的主导作用同时测量非瞬时极化过程的介电响应。桥电路的应用使虚导纳成为老化指标，即利于理解极化过程，又能简化系统辨识过程。该技术还采用扫频Chirp波形信号作为电压激励源来缩短测量时间，并设计 Chirp 匹配滤波器来提取Chirp信号的频域信息。测量结果表明，经桥电路测量的虚导纳能够作为老化指标来评估油纸绝缘系统老化状况，并且在10？4~1 Hz的频率范围内，测试仅耗时3.3 h，节省至少7 h测试时间。

关键词：频域介电谱测试油纸绝缘系统绝缘老化 Chirp波形激励虚导纳系统辨识

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Synthesis of Ag/AgCl-mesoporous silica nanocomposites using a simple aqueous solution-based chemical method and a study of their antibacterial activity on E. coli

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Particuology 2011年第3期9卷 243-247页

作者： Bhanudas Naik Vilas Desai Meenal Kowshik Vadakkethonippurathu Sivankutty Prasad gerard Franklyn Fernando Narendra Nath Ghosh Chemistry Group Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilaniK.K. Birla Goa CampusZuarinagarGoa 403726India Biology Group Birla Institute of Technology and Science PilaniK.K. Birla Goa campusZuarinagarGoa 403726India Chemical Sciences & Technology Division National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST-CSIR) Thiruvananthapuram 695019KeralaIndia School of Metallurgy and Materials University of Birmingham

Simple aqueous solution-based chemical methods have been developed for the synthesis of Ag/AgCI nanoparticle-mesoporous silica nanocomposites. Ag loading in the mesoporous silica was accomplished using a wet-impregnation method. The AgCl-mesoporous silica nanocomposite material （AgCl-mSi） was synthesized by using a ＇one pot method. Synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Antibacterial activity of the synthesized materials was investigated against Escherichia coil （E. coil） using the conventional plate-count method. All the materials showed high antibacterial activity even when the percentage loading of Ag in the nanocomposite was as low as 10wt%.

关键词： Mesoporous E. coil Antibacterial Silver nanoparticle SBA-15

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Management of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD) Dementia and Other Neuro-Degenerative Disease with Photo-Medicine: Clinical Experience and Case Studies

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Open j.urnal of Psychiatry 2017年第4期7卷 386-394页

作者： William Stephan Ronald Aung Din Louis j. Banas j.hn Thomas Carolyn Kochert Randy j. Lamartiniere Carol Spooner gerard Pesca Dudley Chewning Eddy 4080 Delaware Ave Tonawanda New York USA 3501 Cattlemen Drive Sarasota FL USA 3218 Daugherty Ave Suite Lafayette IN USA Photo-Medicine 8676 Goodwood Boulevard Baton Rouge LA USA Laser Innovations LLC 2451 East Baseline Road Gilbert AZ USA LMFT 820 Jordan St. Suite 570 Shreveport LA USA

Obj.ctive: Photobiomodulation (also known as Low Level Laser. LLLT or Cold Laser;Photo Medicine (PM)) has been a vital adj.nct therapy in our clinical practice over 5 years, observations of improvement in cognition and personality were noted in several patients. As a result, selected patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, vascular dementia, post-traumatic brain inj.ry and other neuro-degenerative diseases were treated at clinical practices in Buffalo, New York;Sarasota, Florida;Lafayette, Indiana;Phoenix, Az., and Baton Rouge, La. Over 60 patients were treated with an average of 4 times over an 8-day period all reported/exhibited improvement in their condition, except that two men who were in their seventies were in robust health but had no short-term memory and no improvement was observed. However, Theralase has developed a more efficacious system which will be more efficacious, due to increased power for ATP activation. Method: Over 150 patients with the above conditions were treated in various areas (depending on diagnosis) including the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, Hippocampus, and Circle of Willis for duration of two and one-half minutes every 48 hours for 5 - 6 treatments. We utilized the Theralase multi-probe (905 nm/660 nm) at 60 miliwatts. It utilizes 5 - 905 nm near infra-red diodes and 4 infra-red 660 laser diodes with a peak power of 50,000 milliwatts at peak and pulse duration of 200 nanoseconds [1]. The PTSD patients were evaluated utilizing the co-occurring disorders program screening and assessment form. Conclusion: Dementia patients exhibited varying degrees of improvement in cognitive function and personality, leading to improved quality of life and decreased caregiver burden. PTSD patients’ improvement was obj.ctively measured by formal neuropsychological testing utilizing the form. All PTSD patients scored no emotional problems after 3 - 5 treatments and all experienced overall sense of well-being. One experienced return of ability to smell he h

关键词： Photobiomodulation Photo Medicine (PM) Neuroregeneration Neuro-Degenerative Disease Small Vessel Disease (SVD)

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