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Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14105-14125页

作者： Paul j.Kennedy j.hn F Cryan Timothy G Dinan gerard Clarke 1.15 Biosciences Institute Department of Psychiatry Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Cork Ireland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Alimentary Pharmabiotic CentreUniversity College CorkCork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiome Anxiety Tryptophan Abdominal pain Gastrointestinal motility Cognition

Implementation of length expanding inflatable penile prosthesis is not sufficient to prevent postsurgical penile shortening

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2019年第1期21卷 98-100页

作者： j.red j.Wallen SriGita K Madiraj. Run Wang gerard D Henry Department of Urology Florida Hospital Tampa UrologyTampaFL 3100USA Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine of FAU Boca RatonFL 33431USA Department of Urology University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Urology Ark-La-Tex UrologyBossier CityLA 71111USA.

Asingle armed,prospective,two-center study was conducted,with an aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the AMS 700 LGX cylinders in maintaining or increasing penile length *** LGX has the unique ability to expand in length with *** 23.1%(6)of the patients were able to maintain stretched penile *** now recommend leaving the implant inflated 60%-80%in the immediate postoperative setting for approximately 6 *** we teach pump training with deflation at around 6 weeks,prior to a maximum inflation *** studies would be required to validate if these interventions have significantly increased the number of patients who maintain or gain stretched penile length.

关键词： penile prosthesis penile shortening

NFA:A neural factorization autoencoder based online telephony fraud detection

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 158-167页

作者： Abdul Wahid Mounira Msahli Albert Bifet gerard Memmi Department of Computer Sciences and Networks(INFRES) LTCITelecom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseau91120France Artificial Intelligence Institute The University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 31053240HamiltonNew Zealand

The proliferation of internet communication channels has increased telecom fraud,causing billions of euros in losses for customers and the industry each *** constantly find new ways to engage in illegal activity on the *** reduce these losses,a new fraud detection approach is *** fraud detection involves identifying a small number of fraudulent calls from a vast amount of call *** an effective strategy to combat fraud has become *** much effort has been made to detect fraud,most existing methods are designed for batch processing,not real-time *** solve this problem,we propose an online fraud detection model using a Neural Factorization Autoencoder(NFA),which analyzes customer calling patterns to detect fraudulent *** model employs Neural Factorization Machines(NFM)and an Autoencoder(AE)to model calling patterns and a memory module to adapt to changing customer *** evaluate our approach on a large dataset of real-world call detail records and compare it with several state-of-the-art *** results show that our approach outperforms the baselines,with an AUC of 91.06%,a TPR of 91.89%,an FPR of 14.76%,and an F1-score of 95.45%.These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting fraud in real-time and suggest that it can be a valuable tool for preventing fraud in telecommunications networks.

关键词： Telecom industry Streaming anomaly detection Fraud analysis Factorization machine Real-time system Security

Evolution of the East China Sea sedimentary environment in the past 14 kyr: Insights from tetraethers-based proxies

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第5期59卷 927-938页

作者： GE HuangMin ZHANG ChuanLun VERSTEEGH gerard j.M. CHEN LingLing FAN DaiDu DONG Liang LIU j.ngj.ng State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Hadal Science and Technology Research Center (Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology) Shanghai Ocean University Heisenberg Group on Marine Kerogen Center for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM) Bremen University

We reconstruct the environmental evolution of the East China Sea in the past 14 kyr based on glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers(GDGTs) in a sediment core from the subaqueous Yangtze River Delta. Two primary phases are recognized. Phase I(13.8–8 cal kyr BP) reflects a predominantly continental influence, showing distinctly higher concentrations of branched GDGTs(averaged 143 ng/g dry sediment weight, dsw) than isoprenoid GDGTs(averaged 36 ng/g dsw), high BIT index(branched vs. isoprenoid tetraethers) values(>0.78) and a fluctuating GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio(R_(0/5), varied from 0.52 to 3.81). Within this interval, temporal increases of terrestrial and marine influence are attributed to Younger Dryas(YD)(ca. 12.9–12.2 cal kyr BP) cold event and melt-water pulse(MWP)-1B(11.5–11.1 cal kyr BP), respectively. The prominent transition from 8 to 7.9 cal kyr BP shows a sharp decrease in BIT index value(<0.4) and increase in crenarchaeol, which marks the beginning of phase II. Afterwards, the proxies remain relatively constant, which indicates that phase II(7.9 cal kyr BP-present) is a shelf sedimentary environment with high stand of sea level. Overall, the BIT index in our record serves as a good marker for terrestrial influence at the site, and likely reflects the flooding history of the region. The TEX_(86)(Tetra Ether Index of tetraethers consisting of 86 carbons) proxy is not applicable in phase I because of an excess terrestrial influence; but it seems to be valid for revealing the annual SST in phase II(21.6±0.9°C, n=49). In contrast, the MBT'/CBT(Methylation of Branched Tetraethers and Cyclization of Branched Tetraethers) proxy appears to faithfully record the annual mean air temperature(MAT)(14.3±0.63°C, n=68) and presents an integrated signal over the middle and lower Yangtze River drainage basin.

关键词： GDGTs Proxies Sedimentary environment evolution Holocene East China Sea

Ultrasound Pulse Emission Spectroscopy Method to Characterize Xylem Conduits in Plant Stems

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Research 2023年第1期2022卷 139-152页

作者： Satadal Dutta Zhiyi Chen Elias Kaiser Priscilla Malcolm Matamoros Peter G.Steeneken gerard j.Verbiest Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering Faculty of 3METU DelfMekelweg 22628CD DelfNetherlands Horticulture and Product Physiology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 6708PB WageningenNetherlands

Although it is well known that plants emit acoustic pulses under drought stress,the exact origin of the waveform of these ultrasound pulses has remained ***,we present evidence for a correlation between the characteristics of the waveform of these pulses and the dimensions of xylem conduits in *** a model that relates the resonant vibrations of a vessel to its dimension and viscoelasticity,we extract the xylem radi from the waveforms of ultrasound pulses and show that these are correlated and in good agreement with optical *** demonstrate the versatility of the method by applying it to shoots of ten different vascular plant *** particular,for Hydrangea quercifolia,we further extract vessel element lengths with our model and compare them with scanning electron *** ultrasonic,noninvasive characterization of internal conduit dimensions enables a breakthrough in speed and accuracy in plant phenotyping and stress detection.

关键词： dimensions breakthrough Pulse

Self-assembled bright luminescent hierarchical materials from a tripodal benzoate antenna and heptadentate Eu(III) and Tb(III) cyclen complexes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第1期13卷 171-184页

作者： Aramballi j.Savyasachi David F.Caffrey Kevin Byrne gerard Tobin Bruno D'Agostino Wolfgang Schmitt Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI) University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland School of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) University of Dublin Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

The europium heptadentate coordinatively unsaturated (Eu(III)) and the terbium (Tb(III)) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen) complexes 1 and 2 were used in conj.nction with ligand 3 (1,3,5-benzene-trisethynylbenzoate) to form the supramolecular self-assembly structures 4 and 5;this being investigated in both the solid and the solution state. The resulting self-assemblies gave rise to metal centered emission (both in the solid and solution) upon excitation of 3, confirming its role as a sensitizing antenna. Drop-cased examples of ligand 3, and the solid forms of 4 and 5, formed from both organic and mixture of organic-aqueous solutions, were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, which showed significant changes in morphology;the ligand giving rise to one dimensional structures, while both 4 and 5 formed amorphous materials that were highly dense solid networks containing nanoporous features. The surface area (216 and 119 m2·g^-1 for 4 and 5 respectively) and the ability of these porous materials to capture and store gases such as N2 investigated at 77 K. The self-assembly formation was also investigated in diluted solution by monitoring the various photophysical properties of 3–5. This demonstrated that the most stable structures were that consisting of a single antennae 3 and three complexes of 1 or 2 (e.g., 4 and 5) in solution. By monitoring the excited state lifetimes of the Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions in H2O and D2O respectively, we showed that their hydration states (the q-value) changed from -2 to 0, upon formation of the assemblies, indicating that the three benzoates of 3 coordinated directly to the each of the three lanthanide centers. Finally we demonstrate that this hierarchically porous materials can be used for the sensing of organic solvents as the emission is highly depended on the solvent environment;the lanthanide emission being quenched in the presence of acetonitrile and THF, but greatly enhanced in the presence of methanol.

关键词： self-assembly supramolecular chemistry lanthanides Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes luminescence metallostars

Minimizing carbon deposition in plasma-induced methane coupling with structured hydrogenation catalysts

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j.urnal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第7期30卷 271-279页

作者： Nuria García-Moncada Toine Cents gerard van Rooij.Leon Lefferts Catalytic Processes and Materials(CPM) TNW FacultyUniversity of TwenteP.O.Box 2177500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands Sasol Holding Netherlands B.V. 7544 GG EnschedeThe Netherlands Nonequilibrium Fuel Conversion DIFFER5612 AJ EindhovenThe Netherlands

The effect of temperature and hydrogen addition on undesired carbonaceous deposit formation during methane coupling was studied in DBD-plasma catalytic-wall reactors with Pd/Al2 O3, using electrical power to drive the *** with thin catalyst layers allowed comparison of the performance of empty reactors and catalytic wall reactors without significantly influencing the plasma *** product distribution varies strongly in the temperature window between 25 and 200℃Minimal formation of deposits is found at an optimal temperature around 75℃ in the catalytic-wall *** selectivity to deposits was c.a.10% with only 9 mg of catalyst loading instead of 45% in the blank reactor,while decreasing methane conversion only ***-feeding H2 to an empty reactor causes a similar decrease in selectivity to deposits,but in this case methane conversion also decreased *** of deposits formation in the catalytic-wall reactor at 75℃ is due to catalytic hydrogenation of mainly acetylene to *** the empty reactor,H2 co-feed decreases conversion but does not change the product *** catalytic-wall reactors can be regenerated with H2-plasma at room temperature,which produces more added-value hydrocarbons.

关键词： Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma-catalysis Structured reactor Methane coupling H_(2)co-feed Temperature optimization Carbon deposits

Glade and Forest-Edge Plant Community Attributes for Three Glade Types in Arusha National Park, Tanzania

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 457-472页

作者： Ladislaus W. Kahana gerard Malan Teresa j. Sylvina College of African Wildlife Management Mweka Moshi Tanzania Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria South Africa Bush-To-Base Solutions Inc. Christiansburg VA USA

The aim of the study was to compare glade and forest-glade edge plant community attributes for man-made, upper and lower natural glades. Two plots were set up in twelve glades at 2.5, 12.5 m and three plots in thirteen glades at 2.5, 12.5 and 22.5 m depending on the size of the glade. The results showed that plants total abundance, percentage basal cover, species richness and species diversity for upper and lower natural glades differed significantly p 2 = 15.95, df = 4, p Eleusine j.egeri, Heterogon contortus, Senna mimisoides, Digitaria scalarum, Clutia abyssinica) were habitat indicators for disturbed areas, wet humid grey/black clay soils for upper natural glades and three (Solanum incanum, Senna didymobotrya, and Pennistem mezianum, were indicators of overgrazed areas and black clay soils for man-made glades. In conclusion, plant species abundance, richness and diversity were highest at the forest-glade edge and decreased towards the glade interior, while plant species composition differed significantly between the three-glade types. The plant growth form for lower natural glades was associa

关键词： Forest Glade-Edge Glade Interior Plant Indicator Species Plant Species Diversity Plant Species Richness

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on cerium modified fauj.site zeolite prepared from aluminum scraps and industrial metasilicate

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j.urnal of Rare Earths 2020年第3期38卷 250-256页

作者： Rahma Abid gerard Delahay Hassib Tounsi Laboratory of Advanced Materials National School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of SfaxTunisia Institut Charles Gerhardt ENSCM"Advanced Materials for Health and Catalysis"240 Av Professor Emile Jeanbrau34296 MontpellierFrance

This work was devoted to the study of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 on calcined and hydrothermal treated cerium loaded zeolite *** parent fauj.site zeolite Na-F(Si/Al=1.32 and SBET=749 m^2/g) used as support for the preparation of the catalysts was obtained from industrial sodium metasilicate and aluminum *** expected,the NO conversion increases with increasing the percentage of cerium in the structure of the fauj.site *** NO conversion into N2 is reached at 400℃at a space velocity of 250 000 h^-*** high conversion is due to the redox shift between Ce^3+/Ce^4+and the strong acid sites related to the rare earth present in the framework that is the key in SCR of NO ***,the highest loaded cerium catalyst retains almost its activity after hydrothermal treatment at 850℃.This higher loading is desirable for both activity and stability provided that two stages of preparation are used to put the Ce ions in the sodalite cages.

关键词： Aluminum scraps Ce-Y NH3-SCR Hydrothermal stability