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Reactive Extraction of Alcohols from Apolar Hydrocarbons with Aqueous Solutions

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 222-227页

作者： Boris Kuzmanovi Norbert J. M. Kuipers André B. de Haan gerard Kwant Akzo Nobel Chemicals Research Arnhem The Netherlands University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands DSM Research Geleen The Netherlands

The aqueous solutions are evaluated as sustainable reactive extraction solvents for the recovery of monohydroxyl alcohols （benzyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, cyclohexanol） present in few-percent concentrations in apolar hydrocarbons （toluene, n-hexane, and cyclohexane） by considering two approaches. An aqueous solution containing a reactive extractant, like borate salts, borate complexes, a monosalt of dicarboxylic acid, hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, and silver nitrate, shows limited potential to be used. Another approach, in which the alcohol is chemically modified prior to the extraction into an easy-extractable form, in this case a monoester/carboxylic acid, shows much more potential. An environmentally benign aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate can provide a distribution ratio of benzyl alcohol up to 200, leaving the solubility of the organic solvent in the aqueous solution unchanged relative to pure water and therefore increasing the selectivity with two orders of magnitude. The modification of aromatic, cyclo-aliphatic, and linear aliphatic alcohols can be performed efficiently in the apolar organic solvent without need for a catalyst. The recovery of the modified alcohol can be performed by back-extraction in combination with a spontaneous hydrolysis.

关键词： reactive extraction alcohol polar hydrocarbons

An exploratory study on the use of enzyme activities as sediment tracers:biochemical fingerprints?

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第2期26卷 136-151页

作者： Kazem NOSRATI gerard GOVERS Hassan AHMADI Forood SHARIFI Mohammad Ali AMOOZEGAR Roel MERCKX Matthias VANMAERCKE Department of Physical Geography Faculty of Earth SciencesShahid Beheshti University Division of Geography Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences 3. Faculty ofNatural ResourcesUniversity of Tehran 4. ForestRange and Watershed Management Organization 5. Faculty of BiologyCollege of SciencesUniversity of Tehran 6. Division of Soil and Water ManagementDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences 7. Division of GeographyDepartment of Eaeth and Environmental Sciences

Little information exists on the potential of soil enzyme activities,which are sensitive to soil properties and management,for the characterization of sediment sources at the catchment *** objective of this study is to explore and evaluate enzyme activity as tracer for sediment fingerprinting in the Hiv catchment(55 km~2),***,four enzymes were measured from 42 different sampling sites,covering three sediment source areas(rangeland/surface erosion,orchard/surface erosion,and streambank erosion),as well as from 12 sediment samples from reservoir check dams (sediment sinks).The results indicate that,based upon backward mode discriminant analysis,βglucosidase and dehydrogenase,allowed more than 95%of the samples to be correctly assigned to their source *** enzymes were selected as input data for a mixing-model to determine the relative contribution of the sampled sediment *** mean contributions from rangeland, orchard and streambank sources in the study area were estimated as 11.3%,15.1%and 73.7%, *** geochemical tracers,the mean contribution from rangeland,orchard and streambank sources was estimated as 14.1%,9.5%and 74.8%,*** biochemical and geochemical tracers,similar values were obtained(18.7%,10.7%and 70.7%,respectively).Our results indicate that soil enzyme activity allows for a good characterization of sediment sources,and can provide a complementary tool to currently existing sediment fingerprinting ***, the method should be also tested in other regions.

关键词： Sediment source Enzyme activity Biochemical fingerprints Mixing model Hiv catchment

Statistical analysis of nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China using multiple linear regression and Random Forest

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3637-3657页

作者： LIU Ying-xia gerard B.M.HEUVELINK Zhanguo BAI HE Ping JIANG Rong HUANG Shaohui XU Xin-peng Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Soil Geography and Landscape Group Wageningen UniversityWageningen 6700 AAThe Netherlands International Soil Reference and Information Centre-World Soil Information Wageningen 6700 AJThe Netherlands

Understanding the spatial-temporal dynamics of crop nitrogen(N)use efficiency(NUE)and the relationship with explanatory environmental variables can support land-use management and ***,the application of statistical models for evaluating the explanatory variables of space-time variation in crop NUE is still *** this study,stepwise multiple linear regression(SMLR)and Random Forest(RF)were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal variation of NUE indicators(i.e.,partial factor productivity of N(PFPN);partial nutrient balance of N(PNBN))at county scale in Northeast China(Heilongjiang,Liaoning and Jilin provinces)from 1990 to *** variables included agricultural management practices,topography,climate,economy,soil and crop *** revealed that the PFPN was higher in the northern parts and lower in the center of the Northeast China and PNBN increased from southern to northern parts during the 1990–2015 *** NUE indicators decreased with time in most counties during the study *** model efficiency coefficients of the SMLR and RF models were 0.44 and 0.84 for PFPN,and 0.67 and 0.89 for PNBN,*** RF model had higher relative importance of soil and climatic covariates and lower relative importance of crop covariates compared to the SMLR *** planting area index of vegetables and beans,soil clay content,saturated water content,enhanced vegetation index in November&December,soil bulk density,and annual minimum temperature were the main explanatory variables for both NUE *** is the first study to show the quantitative relative importance of explanatory variables for NUE at a county level in Northeast China using RF and *** novel study gives reference measurements to improve crop NUE which is one of the most effective means of managing N for sustainable development,ensuring food security,alleviating environmental degradation and increasing farmer’s profitability.

关键词： partial factor productivity of N partial nutrient balance of N stepwise multiple linear regression Random Forest county scale Northeast China

Japan - Assessing the Impact

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China's Foreign Trade 2011年第4期000卷 10-12,14,15页

作者： gerard Lyons Chief Economist and Group Head of Global Research at Standard Chartered Bank

Summary At this stage, it is difficuk to assess the economic impact of the 11 March earthquake in north eastern Japan. Assuming the same proportional cost of rebuilding relative to that region＇s GDP contribution as in the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 （also known as the Kobe earthquake）, the cost would be around 1% of Japan＇s GDP, or USD 60bn. In terms of energy release, this earthquake was almost 2,000 times stronger than Kobe, but as the Sendai region is significantly different in structure to Kobe.

关键词：日本评估阪神大地震国内生产总值能量释放东北部神户

Current and future opportunities for liquid biopsy of circulating biomarkers to aid in early cancer detection

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 334-344页

作者： Susan H.Gawel Laurel Jackson Nicolette Jeanblanc gerard J.Davis Abbott Diagnostics Division Abbott LaboratoriesAbbott ParkIL 60064USA

Early diagnosis of cancer can significantly improve treatment and survival *** and tissue biopsy are the gold standard diagnostic approaches but are costly,invasive,and often unable to detect early-stage *** past decade has marked an acceleration in the discovery and development of liquid biopsy tests for aiding in the detection of various types of tumor markers in non-tissue samples,such as *** biopsy markers include circulating tumor cells,as well as tumor cell fragments,nucleic acids,and *** biopsy may be useful in screening patients considered to be at high risk of developing cancer,for refining diagnosis when combined with other test results,and for early detection of *** in big data analytics,informatics,and artificial intelligence will make it possible to combine patient history,clinical data,and liquid biopsy marker profiles to achieve more accurate and earlier *** this review,we summarize the current use of liquid biopsy in cancer care,including the development of multi-analyte panels to improve diagnostic accuracy and detect several cancer types in a single *** highlight recent advances for potential future applications of liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis of early-stage lung *** also discuss the opportunities and challenges of integrating liquid biopsy into current algorithms for cancer screening and diagnosis.

关键词： Cancer early detection diagnostic algorithm biomarkers blood serum analyte

MMT:The Next-Generation Media Transport Standard

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ZTE Communications 2012年第2期10卷 45-48页

作者： gerard Fernando ZTE USA Inc. 2425N.Central ExpresswayTX 75080USA

In this paper, we discuss the development of MPEG media transport （MMT）, which is a next-generation media transport standard effort by ISQ/MPEG. The architecture and functional areas of MMT are described. The functionality of existing media transport is analyzed to determine whether there is a need for this new media standard. From this analysis, potential areas for standardization in MMT have been identified.

关键词： MPEG RTP media transport

Growth differentiation factor 5:a neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective potential in Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 38-44页

作者： Susan R.Goulding Jayanth Anantha Louise M.Collins Aideen M.Sullivan gerard W.O’Keeffe Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience CentreUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Physiology University College CorkCorkIreland

Parkinson’s disease is the most common movement disorder worldwide,affecting over 6 million *** is an age-related disease,occurring in 1%of people over the age of 60,and 3%of the population over 80 *** disease is characterized by the progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra,and their axons,which innervate the striatum,resulting in the characteristic motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s *** is paralleled by the intracellular accumulation ofα-synuclein in several regions of the nervous *** therapies are solely symptomatic and do not stop or slow disease *** promising disease-modifying strategy to arrest the loss of dopaminergic neurons is the targeted delivery of neurotrophic factors to the substantia nigra or striatum,to protect the remaining dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal ***,clinical trials of two well-established neurotrophic factors,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and neurturin,have failed to meet their primary *** failure is thought to be at least partly due to the downregulation byα-synuclein of Ret,the common co-receptor of glial cell line-derived neurorophic factor and ***/differentiation factor 5 is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family of neurotrophic factors,that signals through the Ret-independent canonical Smad signaling ***,we review the evidence for the neurotrophic potential of growth/differentiation factor 5 in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson’s *** discuss new work on growth/differentiation factor 5’s mechanisms of action,as well as data showing that viral delivery of growth/differentiation factor 5 to the substantia nigra is neuroprotective in theα-synuclein rat model of Parkinson’s *** data highlight the potential for growth/differentiation factor 5 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： adeno-associated virus bone morphogenetic protein dopaminergic neurons growth/differentiation factor 5 neurodegeneration neuroprotection neurotrophic factor Parkinson’s disease Smad signaling α-synuclein

Asia Confronts Its Inflation Challenge

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China's Foreign Trade 2011年第6期 8-9页

作者： gerard Lyons Chief Economist and Group Head of Global Research at Standard Chartered Bank

Asia is finally waking up to its inflation *** weeks have seen a further round of monetary tightening, with a succession of central banks raising interest rates,or taking other measures to put a cap on rising prices. India,in particular,has taken tougher action than before,with a large rate hike,whilst others such as China have again pushed up reserve requirements. The policy challenge is never easy. Is this a case of too little,too late:taking action after inflation has already taken off and when there are expectations of more to come? Or is it,too much,too soon—as there are tentative signs the world economy has started to slow,in turn taking the heat out of commodity markets,with food and energy prices easing off? The world is two years into an economic *** in many

关键词：亚洲中央银行货币政策

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库奥皮奥城市剧院芬兰库奥皮奥

世界建筑导报 2024年第2期39卷 110-113页

作者： Juho Grönholm Antti Nousjoki Janne Teräsvirta Samuli Woolston Heikki Riitahuhta Toni Laurila Pekka Sivula Jyri Tartia Auvo Lindroos Harri Ahokas Petra Grisova Vladimir Ilic Lotta Kindberg Santtu Hyvärinen gerard Gutierrez Tuomas Uusheimo(摄影) ALA建筑师事务所不详

现在的库奥皮奥城市剧院是建筑师赫尔默•斯丹露丝和Risto-Veikko Luukkonen在20世纪60年代的现代主义建筑。扩建包括一个新的200座演播舞台,具有灵活的座位和舞台机械。新的空间还提供装载和物流、服装生产和存储,以及新舞台的支持功能... 详细信息

现在的库奥皮奥城市剧院是建筑师赫尔默•斯丹露丝和Risto-Veikko Luukkonen在20世纪60年代的现代主义建筑。扩建包括一个新的200座演播舞台,具有灵活的座位和舞台机械。新的空间还提供装载和物流、服装生产和存储,以及新舞台的支持功能。从市中心接近剧院时,唯一可见的变化是4米高的剧院塔楼。主舞台的舞台技术将全面更新,因此必须增加当前塔楼的高度。附加组件可形成一个发光的玻璃灯箱,使旧塔的独特形状易于辨认。

关键词：现代主义建筑主舞台舞台机械服装生产塔楼剧院