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“Digging in the Dirt”faecal microRNAs as dietary biomarkers of host-microbe interactions

Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第2期11卷 292-294页

作者： gerard M.Moloney John F.Cryan gerard clarke Department of Anatomy&Neuroscience University College CorkCorkIreland APC Microbiome Ireland University College CorkCorkIreland Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science University College CorkCorkIreland

The role of diet and nutrition in maintaining a healthy lifestyle has become a central part of chronic disease prevention(1).Chronic conditions such as cancer,Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and obesity are more prevalent in people with poor diets(2).Food consumption is controlled by physiological systems such as the gut-microbiome and distinct neuroendocrine pathways that overlap to promote host nutritional gain resulting in people living longer healthier lives(3).A recent analysis of the global burden of disease by the World Health Organization(WHO),noted that factors associated with poor diet,including obesity and malnutrition,critically undermine health and *** note that undernutrition,deficiencies in key nutrients and obesity have high social and economic *** disease,cancer,diabetes,and respiratory diseases account for 77%of all diseases and are responsible for 86%of all premature deaths(4).There is an appreciation that diets that reduce or eliminate red meats and animal fats results in the reduction of many of the indicators of poor diet,such as body mass index(BMI)and levels of cholesterol in the blood.

关键词： prevention eliminate overlap

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Irritable bowel syndrome: A microbiome-gut-brain axis disorder?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14105-14125页

作者： Paul J Kennedy John F Cryan Timothy G Dinan gerard clarke 1.15 Biosciences Institute Department of Psychiatry Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork Cork Ireland Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Alimentary Pharmabiotic CentreUniversity College CorkCork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is an extremely prevalent but poorly understood gastrointestinal disorder. Consequently, there are no clear diagnostic markers to help diagnose the disorder and treatment options are limited to management of the symptoms. The concept of a dysregulated gut-brain axis has been adopted as a suitable model for the disorder. The gut microbiome may play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of symptoms in the disorder and has been extensively studied in this context. Although a causal role cannot yet be inferred from the clinical studies which have attempted to characterise the gut microbiota in IBS, they do confirm alterations in both community stability and diversity. Moreover, it has been reliably demonstrated that manipulation of the microbiota can influence the key symptoms, including abdominal pain and bowel habit, and other prominent features of IBS. A variety of strategies have been taken to study these interactions, including probiotics, antibiotics, faecal transplantations and the use of germ-free animals. There are clear mechanisms through which the microbiota can produce these effects, both humoral and neural. Taken together, these findings firmly establish the microbiota as a critical node in the gut-brain axis and one which is amenable to therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiome Anxi-ety Trypt

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Serotonin type 3 receptor subunit gene polymorphisms associated with psychosomatic symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome:A multicenter retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第21期28卷 2334-2349页

作者： Sabrina Berens Yuanjun Dong Nikola Fritz Jutta Walstab Mauro D'Amato Tenghao Zheng Verena Wahl Felix Boekstegers Justo Lorenzo Bermejo Cristina Martinez Stefanie Schmitteckert Egbert Clevers Felicitas Engel Annika Gauss Wolfgang Herzog Robin Spiller Miriam Goebel-Stengel Hubert Mönnikes Viola Andresen Frieling Thomas Jutta Keller Christian Pehl Christoph Stein-Thöringer gerard clarke Timothy G Dinan Eamonn M Quigley Gregory Sayuk Magnus Simrén Jonas Tesarz Gudrun Rappold Lukas van Oudenhove Rainer Schaefert Beate Niesler Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Human Molecular Genetics Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Human Molecular Genetics University of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab CIC bioGUNE-BRTADerio 48160Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao 48001Spain Unit of Clinical Epidemiology Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska InstitutetStockholm 17177Sweden Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr.PifarréFoundation(IRBLleida) Av.Alcalde Rovira RoureLleida 25198Spain Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal DisordersKU LeuvenLeuven 3000Belgium Department of Gastroenterology Infectious Diseases and IntoxicationsUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg 69120Germany Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre University of NottinghamNottingham NG72QLUnited Kingdom Helios Klinikum Rottweil Rottweil 78628Germany Department of Medicine Institute of Neurogastroenterology(H.M.)Martin-Luther-HospitalBelin 14193Germany Israelitisches Krankenhaus in Hamburg Hamburg 22297Germany Internal Medicine II Helios Klinikum KrefeldKrefeld 47805Germany Israelitisches Krankenhaus Hamburg Hamburg 22297Ghana Krankenhaus Vilsbiburg Vilsbiburg 84137Germany Division of Microbiome and Cancer German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science University College CorkCork T23Ireland Medicine in Digestive Disorders Department of MedicineLynda K.and David M.Underwood Center for Digestive DisordersHou

BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of the serotonin type 3 receptor subunit(HTR3)genes have been associated with psychosomatic symptoms,but it is not clear whether these associations exist in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).AIM To assess the association of HTR3 polymorphisms with depressive,anxiety,and somatization symptoms in individuals with *** In this retrospective study,623 participants with IBS were recruited from five specialty centers in Germany,Sweden,the United States,the United Kingdom,and ***,anxiety,and somatization symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics were *** functional SNPs—HTR3A c.-42C>T,HTR3B c.386A>C,HTR3C c.489C>A,and HTR3E c.*76G>A—were genotyped and analyzed using the dominant and recessive *** also performed separate analyses for sex and IBS *** scores were calculated as the number of minor alleles of the SNPs *** impact of HTR3C c.489C>A was tested by radioligand-binding and calcium influx *** Depressive and anxiety symptoms significantly worsened with increasing numbers of minor HTR3C c.489C>A alleles in the dominant model(F_(depressive)=7.475,P_(depressive)=0.006;F_(anxiety)=6.535,P_(anxiety)=0.011).A higher SNP score(range 0-6)was linked to a worsened depressive symptoms score(F=7.710,P-linear trend=0.006)in *** potential relevance of the HTR3C SNP was corroborated,showing changes in the expression level of 5-HT3AC variant *** We have provided the first evidence that HTR3C c.489C>A is involved in depressive and anxiety symptoms in individuals with *** SNP score indicated that an increasing number of minor alleles is linked to the worsening of depressive symptoms in IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome 5-HT3 receptor subunit gene polymorphisms Single-nucleotide polymorphism score Depression Anxiety Somatization

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发展中地区的非政府组织和政治

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国际政治 2000年第10期

作者：杰勒德·克拉克（gerard clarke）

在发展中地区，如同在发达地区一样，大量涌现出的非政府组织已发动一场“结社革命”。然而，政治学家们对自20世纪80年代中期以来的当代非政府组织的文献作出的贡献相对较少。本文考察非政府组织文献中提出的一些主要的政治课题，同时...

在发展中地区，如同在发达地区一样，大量涌现出的非政府组织已发动一场“结社革命”。然而，政治学家们对自20世纪80年代中期以来的当代非政府组织的文献作出的贡献相对较少。本文考察非政府组织文献中提出的一些主要的政治课题，同时也涉及其他政治研究中相关的主题。本文认为，非政府组织对发展中国家的政治生活和政治变迁作出了重要的贡献。本文揭示一个有生命力的、但到目前为止却被忽略的研究项目。

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