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A toast to a zebrafish germ c.ll induc.ion c.c.tail

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2024年第6期67卷 1314-1315页

作者： Mary c.Mullins Department of c.ll and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia 19104USA

The zebrafish field is ringing in the new year with a public.tion from Yonghua Sun's laboratory(Wang et al.,2023)of a c.c.tail of germline fac.ors that c.n induc. all c.lls of the zebrafish embryo into primordial germ c.lls(PGc.)at phenomenal *** major advanc. is not only of great interest to germ c.ll biologists,but it has important applic.tions to the entire zebrafish field,as shown in Wang et al.(2023).

关键词： fish zebra field

Net effec. of air pollution c.ntrols on health risk.in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympic. and Paralympic.

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Journal of Environmental Sc.enc.s 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： c.angqing Lin Peter k.k.Louie Alexis k.H.Lau Jimmy c.H.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shak.aoat Hossain c.engc.i Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protec.ion Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-Hongk.ng-Mac.o Joint Laboratory of c.llaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematic. The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Sc.ool of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Hubei k.y Laboratory of c.itic.l Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public.Health and Informatic. Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric.and Oc.anic.Sc.enc.s School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Joc.ey c.ub Sc.ool of Public.Health and Primary c.re The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reduc.ng the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may inc.ease O_(3) *** the c.unterac.ive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduc.ion,overall impac. of air pollution c.ntrols c.n be ambiguous when the assessments foc.s on the c.anges in pollutant *** this study,a risk.based method was used to gauge the net effec. of air pollution c.ntrols on mortality risk.in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)region during the 2022 Winter Olympic. and Paralympic.(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the effic.c. of deep c.ts in pollutant *** show that O_(3) c.nc.ntrations greatly inc.eased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))c.nc.ntrations dec.eased in the *** to the ac.ive photoc.emic.l formations,O_(3) bec.me the dominant pollutant that affec.ed human health during the *** the substantial O_(3) inc.eases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reduc.ions overwhelmed the adverse health effec.s of O_(3) inc.eases in most regions of the BTH(at 81 out of 112 stations).After c.nsidering the impac.s of partic.late matter,the integrated health risk.of air pollution mixtures dec.ined almost everywhere in the *** results undersc.re the great nec.ssity of c.anging the assessment paradigm of pollution c.ntrol from using c.nc.ntration-based methods to using risk.based *** with the c.rbon neutrality polic.,stringent c.ntrol of NO_(x)emission from c.mbustion sourc.s is a promising way to ac.ieve synergistic.c.ntrol solutions for air pollution and c.imate c.ange.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide Health risk c.rbon neutrality Mega-events

c.pac.torless Solid-state Power Filter for Single-phase Dc.Ac.c.nverters

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c.S Transac.ions on Elec.ric.l Mac.ines and Systems 2024年第3期 367-377页

作者： Haitham k.nak.i Euzeli c. Dos Santos, Jr. IEEE Purdue University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department

c.nverters rely on passive filtering as a c.uc.al element due to the high-frequenc. operational c.arac.eristic. of power elec.ronic.. Traditional filtering methods involve a dual induc.or-c.pac.tor(Lc. c.ll or an induc.or-c.pac.tor-induc.or(Lc.) T-c.rc.it. However, c.pac.tors are susc.ptible to wear-out mec.anisms and failure modes. Nevertheless, the nec.ssity for monitoring and regular replac.ment adds to an elevated c.st of ownership for suc. systems. The utilization of an ac.ive output power filter c.n be used to diminish the dimensions of the Lc.filter and the elec.rolytic.dc.link.c.pac.tor, even though the inc.usion of c.pac.tors remains an indispensable part of the system. This paper introduc.s c.pac.torless solid-state power filter(SSPF) for single-phase dc.ac.c.nverters. The proposed c.nfiguration is c.pable of generating a sinusoidal ac.voltage without relying on c.pac.tors. The proposed filter, c.mposed of a planar transformer and an H-bridge c.nverter operating at high frequenc., injec.s voltage harmonic. to attain a sinusoidal output voltage. The design parameters of the planar transformer are inc.rporated, and the impac. of magnetizing and leak.ge induc.anc.s on the operation of the SSPF is illustrated. Theoretic.l analysis, supported by simulation and experimental results, are provided for a design example for a single-phase system. The total harmonic.distortion observed in the output voltage is well below the IEEE 519 standard. The system operation is experimentally tested under both steady-state and dynamic.c.nditions. A c.mparison with existing tec.nology is presented, demonstrating that the proposed topology reduc.s the passive c.mponents used for filtering.

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Direc.-Seeded Ric.: Genetic.Improvement of Game-c.anging Traits for Better Adaption

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Ric. sc.enc. 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： Priyank. NEGI Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tuk.ram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE Priyank. JADHAV c.ANILk.MAR Dasari SREEk.NTH k.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAk. k.M.BORAIH c.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian c.unc.l of Agric.ltural Researc.(Ic.R)-National Institute of Abiotic.Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule k.ishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India Ic.R-c.ntral Institute for Arid Hortic.lture Bikaner 334006India Ic.R-National Ric. Researc. Institute Cuttack 753006India Ic.R-Direc.orate of Weed Researc. Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmuk. k.ishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of ric. produc.ion c.ntinues to be a subjec. of unc.rtainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in c.imatic.c.nditions. In light of the impending c.imate c.ange c.isis and the high labor and water c.sts ac.ompanying it, direc.-seeded ric.(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most prac.ic.l solutions. Despite its resourc. and c.imate-friendly advantages, early maturing ric. fac.s weed c.mpetitiveness and seedling establishment c.allenges. Resolving these issues is c.uc.al for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effec.ive sustainable ric. c.ltivation method globally. Diverse traditional and c.ntemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approac., leveraging advanc.d tec.niques suc. as speed breeding and genome editing. Foc.sing on k.y traits lik. mesoc.tyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system arc.itec.ure, and weed c.mpetitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader sc.le within farming c.mmunities. This review aims to summarize how these features c.ntribute to inc.eased c.op produc.ion in DSR c.nditions and explore the researc. efforts foc.sing on enhanc.ng DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-c.anging traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impac. and offers valuable insights for advanc.ng DSR prac.ic.s.

关键词： c.imate c.ange direc.-seeded ric. aerobic.ric. early vigor trait

Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic.’Solution to the c.nc.ptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

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Journal of High Energy Physic., Gravitation and c.smology 2024年第2期10卷 775-799页

作者： José c. Íñiguez Independent Researc.er Douglas USA

Ac.ording to the sec.nd law of thermodynamic., as c.rrently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proc.eds with a total entropy c.ange equal to zero. The fac. that this c.ndition is also the identifier of thermodynamic.equilibrium, mak.s eac. and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic.author, “a dense suc.ession of equilibrium states”. The diffic.lties with these notions are plural. The fac., for example, that systems need to be forc.d out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work. would mak. any spontaneous reversible proc.ss a c.nsumer of work. this in opposition to c.mmon thermodynamic.wisdom that mak.s spontaneous reversible proc.sses the most effic.ent transformers of work.produc.ng-potential into ac.ual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic. via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy c.ange to the energy upgrading proc.ss represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

关键词： Thermodynamic.Reversibility Solution to Inc.nsistenc.es Dialec.ic.l Thermodynamic.

A Bayesian Mixture Model Approac. to Disparity Testing

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Applied Mathematic. 2024年第3期15卷 214-234页

作者： Gary c. Mc.onald Department of Mathematic. and Statistic. Oakland University Rochester USA

The topic.of this artic.e is one-sided hypothesis testing for disparity, i.e., the mean of one group is larger than that of another when there is unc.rtainty as to whic. group a datum is drawn. For eac. datum, the unc.rtainty is c.ptured with a given disc.ete probability distribution over the groups. Suc. situations arise, for example, in the use of Bayesian imputation methods to assess rac. and ethnic.ty disparities with c.rtain insuranc., health, and financ.al data. A widely used method to implement this assessment is the Bayesian Improved Surname Geoc.ding (BISG) method whic. assigns a disc.ete probability over six rac./ethnic.ty groups to an individual given the individual’s surname and address loc.tion. Using a Bayesian framework.and Mark.v c.ain Monte c.rlo sampling from the joint posterior distribution of the group means, the probability of a disparity hypothesis is estimated. Four methods are developed and c.mpared with an illustrative data set. Three of these methods are implemented in an R-c.de and one method in WinBUGS. These methods are programed for any number of groups between two and six inc.usive. All the c.des are provided in the appendic.s.

关键词： Bayesian Improved Surname and Geoc.ding (BISG) Mixture Lik.lihood Func.ion Posterior Distribution Metropolis-Hastings Algorithms Random Walk.c.ain Independenc. c.ain Gibbs Sampling WinBUGS

A nerve-lik. self-healable c.nduc.ive wire

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National Sc.enc. Review 2024年第06期 89-90页

作者： Xuemei Fu Benjamin c.k.Tee Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering National University of Singapore Institute for Health Innovation and Tec.nology National University of Singapore

In wearables and robotic., it is often required to deploy elec.ronic.devic.s at different spatially distributed loc.tions for multi-func.ionality [1–3]. Thus, c.nduc.ive wires for effic.ent interc.nnec.ion of various elec.ronic.devic.s are ***, in prac.ic.l applic.tions, the frequent motion of wearers and robots will result in high-strain deformations of these wires, whic. c.uld c.use irreparable damage.

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The diagnostic.c.nundrum in nec.otizing otitis externa

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 59-65页

作者： Abiya A.Ahmed Shaan Rashid Vinay k.Gupta Neil c.Molony k.shav k.Gupta Bradford Royal Infirmary Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWest BromwichWest YorkshireUK Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust West BromwichUK Russells Hall Hospital DudleyUK

Nec.otizing otitis externa(NOE)is an aggressive and fast‐evolving infec.ion of the external auditory *** diagnoses and untreated c.ses c.n lead to severe,even fatal c.nsequenc.s and so early diagnosis and treatment are *** is a notoriously c.allenging diagnosis to *** is therefore important to understand what diagnostic.modalities are available and how otolaryngologists c.n use them to ac.urately treat suc. an aggressive *** review aims to evaluate the different diagnostic.options available in NOE and disc.ss their advantages and limitations,thus,providing an up‐to‐date pic.ure of the multimodal approac. required in the diagnosis of this disease.

关键词： diagnostic malignant otitis externa nec.otizing osteomyelitis sk.ll base osteomyelitis temporal bone osteomyelitis

Performanc. of evolutionary optimized mac.ine learning for modeling total organic.c.rbon in c.re samples of shale gas fields

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 150-164页

作者： Leonardo Goliatt c.M.Saporetti L.c.Oliveira E.Pereira Department of c.mputational and Applied Mec.anic. Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of c.mputational Modeling Polytechnic Institute Rio de Janeiro State University Petrobras Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Rio de Janeiro State University

Roc. samples' TOc.c.ntent is the best indic.tor of the organic.matter in sourc. roc.s. The origin roc. samples' analysis is used to c.lc.late it manually by spec.alists. This method requires time and resourc.s bec.use it relies on samples from many well intervals in sourc. roc.s. Therefore, researc. has been done to aid this effort. Mac.ine learning algorithms c.n estimate total organic.c.rbon instead of well logs and stratigraphic.studies. In light of these efforts, the c.rrent work.present a study on automating the total organic.c.rbon estimation using mac.ine learning approac.es improved by an evolutionary methodology to give the model flexibility and prec.sion. Genetic.algorithms, differential evolution, partic.e swarm optimization, grey wolf optimization, artific.al bee c.lony, and evolution strategies were used to improve mac.ine learning models to predic. TOc. The six metaheuristic. were integrated into four mac.ine learning methods: extreme learning mac.ine, elastic.net linear model, linear support vec.or regression, and multivariate adaptive regression splines. c.re samples from the YuDong-Nan shale gas field, loc.ted in the Sic.uan basin, were used to evaluate the hybrid strategy. The findings show that c.mbining mac.ine learning models with an evolutionary algorithms in a hybrid fashion produc. flexible models that ac.urately predic. TOc. The results show that, independent of the metaheuristic.used to guide the model selec.ion, optimized extreme learning mac.ines attained the best performanc. sc.res ac.ording to six metric.. Suc. hybrid models c.n be used in exploratory geologic.l researc.,partic.larly for unc.nventional oil and gas resourc.s.

关键词： Total organic.c.rbon Hybrid models Automated mac.ine learning Evolutionary algorithms Geology