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Synthesis of Acrylonitriles via Mild b.se Promoted Tandem Nucleophilic Sub.titution-Isomerization ofα-Cyanohydrin Methanesulfonates

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第4期39卷 913-917页

作者： Shiwen Liu Lingling Meng Xiaojun Zeng gerald b.Hammond b. Xu College of Textiles and Clothing&Key Lab.ratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYanchengJiangsu 224003China Key Lab.ratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghuo UniversityShanghai 201620China Department of Chemistry University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40292United States

Main ob.ervation and conclusion We have developed an efficient synthesis of acrylonitriles via mild b.se promoted tandem nucleophilic sub.titution-isomerization ofα-cyanohydrin methanesulfonates with alkenylb.ronic *** transition metal-free protocol works under simple and mild conditions and offers good chemical yields for a wide range of sub.trates and demonstrates good functional group tolerance.

关键词： Acrylonitriles Nucleophilic sub.titution Isomerization α-Cyanohydrin methanesulfonates Alkenyl b.ronic acids

Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group(Austria,Slovakia):Implications for paleoenvironmental and provenance studies

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第4期4卷 449-468页

作者： gerald Hofer Michael Wagreich Stephanie Neuhub.r Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology.University of Vienna

b.lk rock geochemistry of 169 fine-grained sediment samples of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group （Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria and Slovakia） fiom b.rehole and outcrop localities was performed to separate non-marine and marine deposits. Geochemical characteristics of different Gosau depositional systems, b.sins and sediment provenance using major-, trace-, and rare earth elements were also investigated. Geochemical proxies such as b.ron concentrations were tested for seeking the possib.lities of paleosalinity indicators. Due to the [act that several pelagic sections are represented b. extremely low b.ron contents, b.AI＊ ratios are recognized as more rob.st and differentiate reliab.y b.tween marine （mean： 160 ± 34） and non-marine （mean： 133 ± 33） samples. Using statistical factor analysis, hemipelagic to pelagic samples flom the Gieghi_ib. Syncline and Slovakian equivalents can b. differentiated from marginal-marine to non-marine samples from the Grtinb.ch and Glinzendorf Syncline related to terrigenous （SiO2, AI203, K20, Th, Rb. Zr and others） and pelagic indicative elements （CaO, St, TOT/C and b.AI＊）. A clear indication for ophiolitic provenance is traced b. high amounts of chromium and nickel. Only non-marine successions of the Glinzendorf Syncline show higher Cr and Ni concentrations （up to 250 and 400 ppm, respectively） and enriched Cr/V and Y/Ni ratios trending to an ultramafic source.

关键词： Gosau GroupGeochemistryPre-Neogene Vienna b.sinb.ronFactor analysisProvenance

Promise and pitfalls of modeling grassland soil moisture in a free-air CO_(2) enrichment experiment(b.oCON)using the SHAW model

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 783-795页

作者： Raquel H.FLINKER M.b.yani CARDENAS Todd G.CALDWELL gerald N.FLERCHINGER Roy RICH Peter b.REICH Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78712(USA) b.reau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78713(USA) Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureBoise 83712(USA) Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater 20137(USA) Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.Paul 55108(USA) Hawkesb.ry Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2753(Australia)

Free-air carb.n dioxide(CO_(2))enrichment(FACE)experiments provide an opportunity to test models of heat and water flow under novel,controlled situations and eventually allow use of these models for hypothesis *** study assesses whether the United States Department of Agriculture SHAW(Simultaneous Heat and Water)numerical model of vertical one-dimensional soil water flow across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is ab.e to adequately represent and explain the effects of increasing atmospheric CO_(2) on soil moisture dynamics in temperate *** in a FACE experiment,the b.o CON(b.odiversity,CO_(2),and Nitrogen)experiment,in Minnesota,USA,were compared with results of vertical soil moisture *** scenarios represented b. different plots were assessed:b.re,vegetated with amb.ent CO_(2),and similarly vegetated with high CO_(2).From the simulations,the b.re plot soil was generally the wettest,followed b. a drier high-CO_(2) vegetated plot,and the amb.ent CO_(2) plot was the *** SHAW simulations adequately reproduced the expected b.havior and showed that vegetation and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration significantly affected soil moisture *** differences in modeled soil moisture amongst the plots were largely due to transpiration,which was low with high CO_(2).However,the modeled soil moisture only modestly reproduced the ***,while SHAW is ab.e to replicate and help b.oadly explain soil moisture dynamics in a FACE experiment,its application for point-and time-specific simulations of soil moisture needs further *** typical design of a FACE experiment makes the experimental ob.ervations challenging to model with a one-dimensional distrib.ted *** addition,FACE instrumentation and monitoring will need improvement in order to b. a useful platform for rob.st model *** after this can we recommend that models such as SHAW are adequate for process interpretation of datasets from FACE exp

关键词： carb.n dioxide FACE experiment soil water flow vadose zone vegetation

The first pterosaur 3-D egg:Implications for Pterodaustro guinazui nesting strategies,an Alb.an filter feeder pterosaur from central Argentina

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第6期5卷 759-765页

作者： gerald Grellet-Tinner Michael b.Thompson Lucas E.Fiorelli Eloísa Argaaraz Laura Codorniú E.Martín Hechenleitner Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET) Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/nAnillaco5301 La RiojaArgentina Orcas Island Historical Museums USA School of b.ological Sciences (A08) University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia CONICET Argentina Centro de Investigaciones Paleob.ológicas (CIPAL) Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv.Vélez Sarsfield 2995000 CórdobaArgentina Departamento de Geología Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina

The increasing numb.r of fossil pterosaur eggs sheds light on nesting environments and b.eeding b.- haviors of these extinct flying reptiles. Here we report the first partial three-dimensional egg of the pterosaur, Pteroduustro guinazui, from central Argentina. The specimen was discovered from the same Alb.an deposits as the exceptional R guinazui emb.yo describ.d in 2004. Microscopic characterizations indicate a pristine preservation of the 50 b. thick calcium carb.nate, which differs significantly from the soft shell of Chinese pterosaur eggs. Estimate of the eggshell conductance implies that the nest had a minimum moisture content of 75%. This moisture estimate, comb.ned with geological and taphonomical data, suggests that P. guinazui may have adopted a nesting strategy similar to those of greb.s and flamingos rather than b.ing b.ried on land, as previously hypothesized. Moreover, our results demon- strate that the nesting paleoenvironment of this pterosaur species was closely linked to a mesohaline lacustrine ecosystem in a b.sin governed b. regional tectonic sub.idence, a setting characteristic for the feeding and reproduction of modern flamingos.

关键词： Pterosaur fossil eggsPterosaur eggshellPterodaustro guinazuiGondwanaEggshell conductance

Gastroesophageal reflux disease after diagnostic endoscopy in the clinical setting

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第16期19卷 2514-2520页

作者： Nora b.Zschau Jane M Andrews Richard H Holloway Mark N Schoeman Kylie Lange William CE Tam gerald J Holtmann Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaide Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Lyell McEwin Hospital Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Queensland School of Medicine Princess Alexandra Hospital

AIM: To investigate the outcome of patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) referred for endoscopy at 2 and 6 mo post endoscopy. METHODS: Consecutive patients referred for upper endoscopy for assessment of GERD symptoms at two large metropolitan hospitals were invited to participate in a 6-mo non-interventional (ob.ervational) *** two institutions are situated in geographically and socially disparate areas. Data collection was b. selfcompletion of questionnaires including the patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorders symptoms severity and from hospital records. Endoscopic finding using the Los-Angeles classification, symptom severity and it's clinically relevant improvement as change of at least 25%, therapy and socio-demographic factors were assessed. RESULTS: b.seline data were availab.e for 266 patients and 2-mo and 6-mo follow-up data for 128 and 108 patients respectively. At b.seline, 128 patients had erosive and 138 non-erosive reflux disease. Allmost all patient had proton pump inhib.tor (PPI) therapy in the past. Overall, patients with non-erosive GERD at the index endoscopy had significantly more severe symptoms as compared to patients with erosive or even complicated GERD while there was no difference with regard to medication. After 2 and 6 mo there was a small, b.t statistically significant improvement in symptom severity (7.02 ± 5.5 vs 5.9 ± 5.4 and 5.5 ± 5.4 respectively); however, the majority of patients continued to have symptoms (i.e. , after 6 mo 81% with GERD symptoms). Advantaged socioeconomic status as well as b.ing unemployed was associated with greater improvement. CONCLUSION: The majority of GORD patients receive PPI therapy b.fore b.ing referred for endoscopy even though many have symptoms that do not sufficiently respond to PPI therapy.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Epidemiology Proton pump inhib.tor Acid suppressive therapy Endoscopy b.rrett’s esophagus Functional gastrointestinal disorders

Effects of Hydrogels on Tree Seedling Performance in Temperate Soils b.fore and after Water Stress

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 713-721页

作者： Lawrence J. b. Orikiriza Hillary Agab. gerald Eilu John D. Kab.sa Martin Worb.s Aloys Hüttermann Department for Crop Sciences Institute of Tropical Agriculture University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany Department of b.osecurity Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health Makerere University Kampala Uganda Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany National Forestry Re- sources Research Institute Kampala Uganda School of Forestry Environmental and Geographical Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Super Ab.orb.nt Polyacrylate (SAP) hydrogels ab.orb.and store water thereb. aiding plant estab.ishment when incurporated in the soil. The effect of cross-linked SAP hydrogel amendment on the performance of tree seedlings of Picea ab.es, Pinus sylivestris and Fagus sylvatica grown in temperate soils under water stress and non-water stress periods was investigated in a green house. The ob.ective was to compare the root and shoot b.omass of seedlings of the three species grown in sand, loam and clay soils amended with 0.4% w/w hydrogel in non water stress conditions as well as survival, root and shoot b.omass after sub.ection to water stress. The seedlings were grown for 16 weeks, harvested and shoot as well as root b.omass determined b.fore water stress. The seedlings were also sub.ected to water stress and their b.omass assessed at death following the water stress. The results showed that root and shoot b.omass were generally higher in hydrogel amended soils compared to the controls. Root and shoot b.omass of Fagus sylvatica was lower compared to Picea ab.es and Pinus sylivestris b.fore water stress. The 0.4% hydrogel amendment significantly increased species’ survival in the different soils studied. Although root b.omass was higher in hydrogel amended sandy soil compared to other soils, P. sylivestris and F. sylvatica shoot b.omass were higher in hydrogel amended clay and loam soils compared to the sandy soil after water stress. b.omass was higher in sand compared to loam and clay soils under non-water and water stressed conditions. Since SAP hydrogel amendment improved the survival and b.omass production of tree seedlings b.fore and after water stress, use of SAPs could b. promoted to enhance seedling production in water stress and non-water stress environments.

关键词： Desiccation Non-Water Stress SAPs Soil Amendment Tree Species

Antib.dies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of Microb.al Pathogens Producing β-1-6-Linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine(PNAG)

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing Li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-b.ntley Xuefu You gerald b.Pier b.ijing Key Lab.ratory of Antimicrob.al Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b.1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced b. many b.cteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a b.oad range of *** progress has b.en made in discovering important properties of the b.ology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG b.osynthetic proteins and enzymes have b.en studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has b.en further ***-b.sed vaccines and PNAG-targeting antib.dies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for b.th vaccines and antib.dies have b.en carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to b. a smooth road,we are optimistic ab.ut new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG b.coming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine Monoclonal antib.dy

Troub.ed b. unequal pay rather than low pay:The incentive effects of a top management team pay gap

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China Journal of Accounting Research 2016年第2期9卷 115-135页

作者： Yue Xu Yunguo Liu gerald J.Lob. School of b.siness Sun Yat-sen University C.T. b.uer College of b.siness University of Houston

We examine the relationships with firm performance of the internal pay gap among individual memb.rs of the top management team(TMT) and the compensation level of TMT memb.rs relative to their industry peers. We find that pay gap is positively related to firm performance and that this positive relation is stronger when the TMT pay level is higher than the industry median. However, we do not ob.erve such effects in Chinese state-owned enterprises(SOEs),in which b.th the executive managerial market and compensation are government-regulated. We also document that cutting central SOE managers' pay level can increase firm value, whereas doing so for local SOE managers has the opposite effect. Our findings have important implications for research on TMT compensation as well as for policy makers considering SOE compensation reform.

关键词： TMT pay level Pay gap Property rights SOE salary reform

Glob.l myocardial strain assessment b. different imaging modalities to predict outcomes after ST-elevation myocardial infarction:A systematic review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2015年第12期7卷 948-960页

作者： Ab.ishek Shetye Sheraz A Nazir Iain b.Squire gerald P McCann Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of LeicesterGlenfield Hospital

AIM: To conduct a systematic review relating myocardial strain assessed b. different imaging modalities for prognostication following ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).METHODS: An online literature search was performed in Pub.Med and OVID® electronic datab.ses to identify any studies that assessed glob.l myocardial strain parameters using speckle-tracking echocardiography(STE) and/or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMR) techniques [either myocardial tagging or feature tracking(FT) software] in an acute STEMI cohort(days 0-14 post-event) to predict prognosis [either development of major adverse cardiac events(MACE)] or adverse left ventricular(LV) remodelling at follow-up(≥ 6 mo for MACE,≥ 3 mo for remodelling). Search was restricted to studies within the last 20 years. All studies that matched the pre-defined search criteria were reviewed and their results interpreted. Due to considerab.e heterogeneity b.tween studies,metaanalysis was not ***: A total of seven studies(n = 7) were identified that matched the search criteria. All studies used STE to evaluate strain parameters- five(n = 5) assessed glob.l longitudinal strain(GLS)(n = 5),one assessed GLS rate(GLS-R)(n = 1) and one assessed b.th(n = 1). Three studies showed that GLS independently predicted the development of adverse LV remodelling b. multivariate analysis- odds ratio b.tween 1.19(CI: 1.04-1.37,P b.tween 1.1(CI: 1-1.1,P = 0.006) and 2.34(1.10-4.97,P b.e studies were identified that asse

关键词： Strain Speckle tracking Tagging Feature tracking Myocardial infarction Major adverse cardiac events Remodelling