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细胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化对十字孢碱诱导肝星形细胞凋亡的调控(英文)

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中南大学学报（医学版） 2012年第1期37卷 11-16页

作者：范江虹申竑 Frank J.Burzynski gerald y.minuk 巩跃文马尼托巴大学药学院加拿大马尼托巴温尼伯R3E OT5 中南大学湘雅医院医学科学研究中心长沙410008 哈尔滨医科大学第二附属医院哈尔滨150081 马尼托巴大学医学院内科肝病研究室加拿大马尼托巴温尼伯R3E 3P4

目的:肝星形细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSCs)是参与肝纤维化和肝硬化发展过程的主要细胞。在肝纤维化过程中,肝星形细胞增殖并发生表型转化,从静止状态向肌纤维母细胞样转化。后者的归宿可为凋亡,也可重归静止状态。目前转化肌纤维... 详细信息

目的:肝星形细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSCs)是参与肝纤维化和肝硬化发展过程的主要细胞。在肝纤维化过程中,肝星形细胞增殖并发生表型转化,从静止状态向肌纤维母细胞样转化。后者的归宿可为凋亡,也可重归静止状态。目前转化肌纤维母细胞样细胞的凋亡机制尚未明确。本文研究细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinases,ERKs)磷酸化状态对十字孢碱诱导HSCs凋亡的影响。方法:采用Western印迹和流式细胞术检测4种肝星形细胞株(CFSC-8B,-2G,-3H和-5H)的ERKs表达水平和细胞凋亡状态。结果:4种肝星形细胞株各具有形态特异性,并与其内α-SMA表达水平相符,其中CFSC-8B细胞株α-SMA表达水平为最高。虽然ERK1/2总蛋白表达水平在4种细胞株相似,但磷酸化ERK1/2在CFSC-8B和CFSC-2G两个细胞株中表达明显高于CFSC-3H和CFSC-5H细胞株。进一步采用CFSC-8B细胞(ERK1/2高磷酸化水平)和CFSC-5H细胞(ERK1/2低磷酸化水平),通过十字孢碱诱导细胞凋亡。结果显示CFSC-8B细胞对十字孢碱诱导的细胞凋亡敏感性明显增加。同时,十字孢碱还可进一步增加这2株细胞内ERK1/2的磷酸化程度。结论:HSCs中ERK1/2的磷酸化程度决定细胞对十字孢碱所致细胞凋亡的敏感性。

关键词：细胞外信号调节激酶肝星形细胞十字孢碱凋亡流式细胞术

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晚期肝病治疗药物的探索

胃肠病学 1997年第4期2卷 250-252页

作者： gerald y.minuk 沈兰兰加拿大Manitoba Winnipeg生命科学中心Manitoba大学医学和药理学系肝病室上海市消化疾病研究所

许多世纪来,晚期肝病一直是一种常见的、严重的疾患。最近的统计仍提示晚期肝病的年死亡率约为每100,000人中40例。晚期肝病何以一直成为一种常见死因主要是我们缺乏对其病理生理学的了解。特别是我们不清楚肝硬化本身是否是一种进展... 详细信息

许多世纪来,晚期肝病一直是一种常见的、严重的疾患。最近的统计仍提示晚期肝病的年死亡率约为每100,000人中40例。晚期肝病何以一直成为一种常见死因主要是我们缺乏对其病理生理学的了解。特别是我们不清楚肝硬化本身是否是一种进展性疾病。换句话说,在去除潜在病因后,肝病是否继续发展?

关键词：晚期肝病治疗药物星形细胞脯氨酸病理生理学肝细胞生长抑制因子抗血小板药物自身免疫性肝炎血友病

Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group(Austria,Slovakia):Implications for paleoenvironmental and provenance studies

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第4期4卷 449-468页

作者： gerald Hofer Michael Wagreich Stephanie Neuhuber Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology.University of Vienna

Bulk rock geochemistry of 169 fine-grained sediment samples of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group （Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria and Slovakia） fiom borehole and outcrop localities was performed to separate non-marine and marine deposits. Geochemical characteristics of different Gosau depositional systems, basins and sediment provenance using major-, trace-, and rare earth elements were also investigated. Geochemical proxies such as boron concentrations were tested for seeking the possibilities of paleosalinity indicators. Due to the [act that several pelagic sections are represented by extremely low boron contents, B/AI＊ ratios are recognized as more robust and differentiate reliably between marine （mean： 160 ± 34） and non-marine （mean： 133 ± 33） samples. Using statistical factor analysis, hemipelagic to pelagic samples flom the Gieghi_ibl Syncline and Slovakian equivalents can be differentiated from marginal-marine to non-marine samples from the Grtinbach and Glinzendorf Syncline related to terrigenous （SiO2, AI203, K20, Th, Rb, Zr and others） and pelagic indicative elements （CaO, St, TOT/C and B/AI＊）. A clear indication for ophiolitic provenance is traced by high amounts of chromium and nickel. Only non-marine successions of the Glinzendorf Syncline show higher Cr and Ni concentrations （up to 250 and 400 ppm, respectively） and enriched Cr/V and y/Ni ratios trending to an ultramafic source.

关键词： Gosau GroupGeochemistryPre-Neogene Vienna BasinBoronFactor analysisProvenance

Shortened Duration of Global Warming Slowdowns with Elevated Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第2期35卷 225-237页

作者： Feng GAO Tongwen WU Jie ZHANG Aixue HU gerald AMEEHL Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China China Meteorological Administration Training Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China National Center for Atmospheric Research PO Box 3000BoulderColorado 80307-3000USA

Continuous emissions of anthropogenic greenhouse gases(GHGs)and aerosols in the last 160 years have resulted in an increasing trend of global mean surface temperatures(GMSTs).Due to interactions with natural variability,rates of the combined anthropogenically and naturally induced warming trends are characterized by significant slowdowns and speedups on decadal ***,by analyzing observed and model-simulated data,we investigate how the duration of these episodes will change with different strengths of GHG and aerosol *** found that the duration of warming slowdowns can be more than 30 yr with a slower rate of anthropogenic emissions but would shorten to about 5 yr with a higher *** duration reduction depends on both the magnitude of the climate response to anthropogenic forcing and the strength of the internal ***,the warming slowdowns can still occur even towards the end of this century under high emissions scenarios but with significantly shortened duration.

关键词： global warming slowdown greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions internal variability

Are endophytes an important link between airborne spores and allergen exposure?

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 33-42页

作者： Beatriz R.Vázquez de Aldana gerald Bills Iñigo Zabalgogeazcoa Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca(IRNASA-CSIC) Cordel de Merinas 40-5237008 SalamancaSpain Texas Therapeutics Institute The Brown Foundation Institute for Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston1825 Pressler StreetHoustonTX 77030USA

Grasses represent one of the Earth’s most common plant groups,and natural and cultivated habitats dominated by grasses cover about 40%of the land *** turn,each grass species hosts multiple fungal species which can behave as *** analysis of the endophytic taxa identified in surveys conducted in 14 grass species showed that some of the most frequent taxa on each grass were also present across several host *** taxa were Alternaria,Epicoccum,Cladosporium,Fusarium,and a few others.A similar analysis of airborne fungi surveyed at 41 different locations throughout the world showed that some of the most geographically widespread,and most locally frequent airborne fungi belonged to the same genera that are dominant endophytes in grasses(***,Alternaria,Fusarium,etc.).Therefore,airborne spores of genera that are ubiquitous in grasses are common worldwide and attain high atmospheric *** addition,spores of the above mentioned fungi are also important respiratory *** observation indicates that saprobic colonization and sporulation of non-systemic grass endophytes could become unrestrained when their host plant tissue ***,when appropriate environmental conditions favour sporulation on grass host surfaces,the natural cycle for airborne conidia initiates,and large numbers of these conidia disperse as inoculum for new endophytic ***,the cycle of endophytism may be an important link between climate,plant biology and public health.

关键词： Grasses Airborne spores Endophytes Cladosporium Alternaria Fusarium Epicoccum

Rail RCF damage quantification and comparison for different damage models

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Railway Engineering Science 2022年第1期30卷 23-40页

作者： Visakh V.Krishna Saeed Hossein-Nia Carlos Casanueva Sebastian Stichel gerald Trummer Klaus Six Department of Engineering Mechanics KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH GrazAustria

There are several fatigue-based approaches that estimate the evolution of rolling contact fatigue(RCF) on rails over time and built to be used in tandem with multibody simulations of vehicle dynamics. However, most of the models are not directly comparable with each other since they are based on different physical models even though they shall predict the same RCF damage at the *** article studies different approaches to quantifying RCF and puts forward a measure for the degree of agreement between them. The methodological framework studies various steps in the RCF quantification procedure within the context of one another, identifies the ‘primary quantification step’ in each approach and compares results of the fatigue analyses. In addition to this, two quantities—‘similarity’ and ‘correlation’—have been put forward to give an indication of mutual agreement between *** widely used surface-based and sub-surface-based fatigue quantification approaches with varying complexities have been studied. Different operational cases corresponding to a metro vehicle operation in Austria have been considered for this study. Results showed that the best possible quantity to compare is the normalized damage increment per loading cycle coming from different approaches. Amongst the methods studied, approaches that included the load distribution step on the contact patch showed higher similarity and correlation in their *** the different approaches might qualitatively agree on whether contact cases are ‘damaging’ due to RCF, they might not quantitatively correlate with the trends observed for damage increment values.

关键词： Rolling contact fatigue Rail surface damage Wedge model KTH model Surface fatigue index Multibody simulation Track-friendliness

Cell and molecular biology:concepts and experiments.第2版 4th ed.

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CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGy THIRD EDITION 3rd ed.

丛书名：教育部高等教育司推荐国外优秀生命科学教学用书

2006年

作者： gerald Karp

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The first pterosaur 3-D egg:Implications for Pterodaustro guinazui nesting strategies,an Albian filter feeder pterosaur from central Argentina

丛书名：教育部高等教育司推荐国外优秀生命科学教学用书

2002年

作者： gerald KARP

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第6期5卷 759-765页

作者： gerald Grellet-Tinner Michael B.Thompson Lucas E.Fiorelli Eloísa Argaaraz Laura Codorniú E.Martín Hechenleitner Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-CONICET) Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/nAnillaco5301 La RiojaArgentina Orcas Island Historical Museums USA School of Biological Sciences (A08) University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia CONICET Argentina Centro de Investigaciones Paleobiológicas (CIPAL) Universidad Nacional de CórdobaAv.Vélez Sarsfield 2995000 CórdobaArgentina Departamento de Geología Universidad Nacional de San LuisSan LuisArgentina

The increasing number of fossil pterosaur eggs sheds light on nesting environments and breeding be- haviors of these extinct flying reptiles. Here we report the first partial three-dimensional egg of the pterosaur, Pteroduustro guinazui, from central Argentina. The specimen was discovered from the same Albian deposits as the exceptional R guinazui embryo described in 2004. Microscopic characterizations indicate a pristine preservation of the 50 Bm thick calcium carbonate, which differs significantly from the soft shell of Chinese pterosaur eggs. Estimate of the eggshell conductance implies that the nest had a minimum moisture content of 75%. This moisture estimate, combined with geological and taphonomical data, suggests that P. guinazui may have adopted a nesting strategy similar to those of grebes and flamingos rather than being buried on land, as previously hypothesized. Moreover, our results demon- strate that the nesting paleoenvironment of this pterosaur species was closely linked to a mesohaline lacustrine ecosystem in a basin governed by regional tectonic subsidence, a setting characteristic for the feeding and reproduction of modern flamingos.

关键词： Pterosaur fossil eggsPterosaur eggshellPterodaustro guinazuiGondwanaEggshell conductance