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大气热力学

国外科技新书评介 2010年第11期 20-21页

作者： gerald r.north 张永杰不详中国科学院力学研究所

大气热力学是应用热力学原理研究大气热力学过程的一门学科，是大气物理学的一个分支。在20世纪70年代以前，大气热力学仅仅作为大气动力学的一个补充。而从20世纪80年代开始，人们逐渐认识到热力学因素对大气和地球系统的长期行为有重... 详细信息

大气热力学是应用热力学原理研究大气热力学过程的一门学科，是大气物理学的一个分支。在20世纪70年代以前，大气热力学仅仅作为大气动力学的一个补充。而从20世纪80年代开始，人们逐渐认识到热力学因素对大气和地球系统的长期行为有重要影响，因此随着对气候和全球变化的深入研究，大气热力学被放到越来越重要的位置上。

关键词：大气热力学热力学过程热力学原理大气物理学大气动力学地球系统力学因素全球变化

remote sensing of quality traits in cereal and arable production systems:A review

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 45-57页

作者： Zhenhai Li Chengzhi Fan Yu Zhao Xiuliang Jin raffaele Casa Wenjiang Huang Xiaoyu Song gerald Blasch Guijun Yang James Taylor Zhenhong Li College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Quantitative remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and rural Affairs Information Technology Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China DAFNE Universitàdella TusciaVia San Camillo de Lellis01100 ViterboItaly Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) PO Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia ITAP Univ.MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellier 34000France College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054ShaanxiChina

Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global *** predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers,grading harvest and categorised storage for enterprises,future trading prices,and policy *** use of remote sensing data with extensive spatial coverage demonstrates some potential in predicting crop quality *** studies have also proposed models and methods for predicting such traits based on multiplatform remote sensing *** this paper,the key quality traits that are of interest to producers and consumers are *** literature related to grain quality prediction was analyzed in detail,and a review was conducted on remote sensing platforms,commonly used methods,potential gaps,and future trends in crop quality *** review recommends new research directions that go beyond the traditional methods and discusses grain quality retrieval and the associated challenges from the perspective of remote sensing data.

关键词： remote sensing Quality traits Grain protein Cereal

Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel refai gerald r.rodts Christian Mustroph David Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow Matthew F.Gary Ali M.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. rooney gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis M. rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. rooney gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSr), and sorghum monocrop (SOrG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSr treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SOrG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Two upper bounds for the Erdos-Hooley Delta-function

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Science China Mathematics 2023年第12期66卷 2683-2692页

作者： regis de la Breteche gerald Tenenbaum Institut de Mathematiques Universite Paris CiteSorbonne UniversiteCNRSParis F-75013France Institut Elie Cartan Universite de LorraineVandoeuvre-les-NancyBP 70239France

For integer n≥1 and real u,let Δ(n,u):=|{d:d] n,e^(u)rdos-Hooley Deltafunction is then defined by Δ(n):=Max_(u∈r)Δ(n,u).We improve the current upper bounds for the average and normal orders of ... 详细信息

关键词： concentration of divisors average order normal order Waring’s problem

Comparing complications of outpatient management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Blount’s disease:A database study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第4期13卷 373-380页

作者： Achraf Jardaly Timothy W Torrez gerald McGwin Shawn r Gilbert Department of Orthopaedics Hughston Foundation/Hughston ClinicColumbusGA 31909United States Department of Orthopedics University of AlabamaBirminghamAL 35205United States Department of Epidemiology Center of Clinical and Translational ScienceUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35205United States Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

BACKGrOUND Currents trends in pediatric orthopaedics has seen an increase in surgeries being successfully completed in an outpatient *** recent examples include slipped capital femoral epiphysis(SCFE)and Blount’s *** indications are well-studied for each pathology,but to our knowledge,there is an absence in literature analyzing safety and efficacy of inpatient vs outpatient management of either *** believed there would be no increase in adverse outcomes associated with outpatient treatment of either *** To investigate whether outpatient surgery for SCFE and Blount’s disease is associated with increased risk of adverse *** The 2015-2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric registries were used to compare patient characteristics,rates of complications,and readmissions between outpatient and inpatient surgery for SCFE and Blount’s *** Total 1788 SCFE database entries were included,30%were performed in an outpatient *** situ pinning was used in 98.5%of outpatient surgeries and 87.8%of inpatient surgeries(Preater percent of total complications than outpatients 2.57%and 1.65%*** Blount’s disease,outpatient surgeries constituted 41.2%of the 189 procedures included in our *** majority of inpatients were treated with a tibial osteotomy,while the majority of outpatients had a physeal arrest(Pre encountered in 7.4%of patients,with superficial surgical site infections and wound dehiscence being the most common.1.6%of patients had a *** differences in complication and readmission risks were found between inpatients and *** The current trend is shifting towards earlier discharges and performing procedures in an outpatient *** can be safely performed for a large portion of children with SCFE and Blount’s disease without increasing the risk of compl

关键词： Outpatient surgery Early discharge Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Blount’s disease

Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第3期7卷 330-340页

作者： gerald C Shurson Brian J Kerr Andrea r Hanson Department of Animal Science University of MinnesotaStPaulMN 55018USA usda-ars-national laboratory for agriculture and the environment Ames IA 50011USA svc-research St PeterMN 56082USA

Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition,quality, feeding value, and price among sources. Common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles,and unsaponifiables（MIU）, titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances（TBArS）, and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same ***, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBArS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a met

关键词： Growth Indicative tests Lipids Metabolic oxidation Peroxidation Pigs

Provenance, depositional process, and tectonic setting of gold placer from the Bétaré-Oya Gold District(East-Cameroon, Central Africa)along the Precambrian Sanaga fault

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International Journal of Sediment research 2023年第4期38卷 576-596页

作者： Milan Stafford Tchouatcha Arnaud Patrice Kouske Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Epimarc Gildas Tchameni Ngouabe gerald Chuye Yango Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Science University of Dschang University Institute of Technology University of Douala Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Department of Mining and Geology School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere

The Bétaré-Oya Gold District is one of the three gold districts in East Cameroon with varied types of mining. The study site is an open-cast mine located in an alluvial plain. The strata succession globally consists of two positive sequences represented by three facies associations and seven lithofacies: massive clast-supported(Gcm), massive trough-cross bedded(Gtm), and massive matrix-supported(Gmm)conglomerates; massive sands(Sm); and massive(Fm), heterolothic(Fhl), and convolute and heterolithic(Fhlc) clays. The facies analysis indicates deposition after a recent tectonic event creating a depression,followed by a rapid deposition of varied facies and energies of sedimentation with fluvial and gravity inputs. The deposits come from proximal to distal sources but more proximal. The identified heavy mineral or accompanying minerals reveal a plutonic source(tourmaline sometimes folded), a volcanic source(olivine or clino-pyroxene with cracks), and a metamorphic source(sillimanite, andalusite, and staurolite). In the pan concentrates of placer with high silver(Ag) concentration(100 ppm) are also associated with relative abundance of lead(Pb)(17.8 ppm), zinc(Zn)(27 ppm), and low levels of copper(Cu)(3.1 ppm). The concentration and distribution of some element ratios, such as thorium/scandium(Th/Sc), chromium/thorium(Cr/Th), and europium anomaly(Eu/Eu*), rare earth elements(rEEs) and aluminum oxide/titanium dioxide(Al2O3/TiO2) vs. silicon dioxide(SiO2) plots for the studied sediment indicate heterogeneous sources of rocks with dominance of felsic sources. The discriminant diagram reveals a recycled or sedimentary provenance of the deposited sediments. The tectonic setting plot indicates a collision tectonic setting which is consistent with the Precambrian history of the study area which belongs to the Pan-African north-Equatorial fold Belt. The gold deposits in the B etar e-Oya area probably derive from several sources, such as a vein source(from magmatic and metamorphi

关键词： Provenance Gold placer Sedimentology Geochemistry B etar e-Oya Cameroon