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CRISPR/Cas9-based gene activation and base editing in Populus

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 205-213页

作者： Tao Yao Guoliang Yuan Haiwei Lu Yang Liu Jin Zhang gerald A.Tuskan Wellington Muchero Jin-Gui Chen Xiaohan Yang Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA The Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Chemical and Biological Process Development Group Pacific Northwest National Laboratory902 Battelle BoulevardRichlandWA 99352USA Department of Academic Education Central Community College-HastingsHastingsNE 68901USA State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China

The genus Populus has long been used for environmental,agroforestry and industrial applications *** Populus is also recognized as a desirable crop for biofuel production and a model tree for physiological and ecological *** such,various modern biotechnologies,including CRISPR/Cas9-based techniques,have been actively applied to Populus for genetic and genomic improvements for traits such as increased growth rate and tailored lignin ***,CRISPR/Cas9 has been primarily used as the active Cas9 form to create knockouts in the hybrid poplar clone“717-1B4”(*** x *** clone INRA 717-1B4).Alternative CRISPR/Cas9-based technologies,*** involving modified Cas9 for gene activation and base editing,have not been evaluated in most Populus species for their *** we employed a deactivated Cas9(dCas9)-based CRISPR activation(CRISPRa)technique to fine-tune the expression of two target genes,TPX2 and LecRLK-G which play important roles in plant growth and defense response,in hybrid poplar clone“717-1B4”and poplar clone“WV94”(***“WV94”),*** observed that CRISPRa resulted in 1.2-fold to 7.0-fold increase in target gene expression through transient expression in protoplasts and Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation,demonstrating the effectiveness of dCas9-based CRISPRa system in *** addition,we applied Cas9 nickase(nCas9)-based cytosine base editor(CBE)to precisely introduce premature stop codons via C-to-T conversion,with an efficiency of 13%–14%,in the target gene PLATZ which encodes a transcription factor involved in plant fungal pathogen response in hybrid poplar clone“717-1B4”.Overall,we showcase the successful application of CRISPR/Cas-based technologies in gene expression regulation and precise gene engineering in two Populus species,facilitating the adoption of emerging genome editing tools in woody species.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 activation base

Variation of Nutrient Value in Selected Composted Farm Wastes

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2022年第4期11卷 258-276页

作者： Kamoga gerald Ssekyewa Charles Faculty of Agriculture Uganda Martyrs University Kampala Uganda St. Lawrence University Kampala Uganda

Smallholder farming is promoted for its environmental friendliness, assurance of food security sovereignty and conservation of indigenous knowledge. However, in actual practice, Smallholder farmers recycle farm plant waste to improve soil fertility. By so doing, they contribute to environmental pollution, emissions, and global warming. This situation is a Smallholder farmers’ challenge worldwide. One of these challenges is the inability to find cheaper sources of plant nutrients. These sources of nutrients are associated with environmental pollution, such as the release of Methane. This study focused on farm wastes (bean trash, maize trash, banana trash, cattle slurry, goat slurry, and pig slurry) commonly produced by smallholder farmers in two farming systems of Masaka and Lyantonde Districts to explore the effects of composting and surface decomposition on nutrients contained in farm wastes by specifically: estimating baseline nutrient contents in farm wastes before disposal, determining the variation of nutrients of farm wastes managed by composting and surface decomposition and the potential source of major nutrients among selected farm wastes. Through carbon analysis, Calorimetric determination of Nitrogen and Phosphorus analysis using a block digester and UV-Visible spectrometer, Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus were determined from bean trash, maize trash, banana trash, cattle slurry, goat slurry, and pig slurry. Results revealed that goat slurry, chicken waste, maize trash and pig slurry contained more and retained more P, K, C and N, respectively, as compared to other farm wastes. Significant volumes of N and P were retained in composted materials as compared to those managed by surface decomposition.

关键词： Farm Waste Plant Nutrients Smallholder Farmers Composting Nutrient Loss Farming Systems

Transcription factor E3 renal cell carcinoma presenting as secondary hypertension

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Mitofusin activation enhances mitochondrial motility and promotes neuroregeneration in CMT2A

Current Urology 2023年第1期17卷 58-61页

作者： Alain Mwamba Mukendi gerald Tatenda Mataruka Ramesh Nadimpalli Tshisola Miji Kasapato Thelle Mogoerane Regional Hospital Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg1486South Africa

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family(transcription factor E3 or transcription factor EB)translocation renal cell carcinomas(RCCs)are rare *** renal neoplasms can be either asymptomatic and incidentally discovered on imaging or symptomatic,with the most common presenting symptoms being hematuria,pain,and abdominal mass,or paraneoplastic *** conventional RCCs,hypertension is considered a risk factor and a possible paraneoplastic event,whereas,in translocation RCCs,prior exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy is the only known risk factor,and hypertension as an isolated associated paraneoplastic event has never been ***,hypertension as the only presenting symptom in RCC is extremely *** report a case of transcription factor E3 positive RCC in a young adult presenting only with hypertension that normalized after radical *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first reported case of hypertension secondary to microphthalmia-associated transcription translocation RCC.

关键词： Hypertension Microphthalmia-associated transcription translocation Paraneoplastic syndrome Renal cell carcinoma South Africa TFE3 gene

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第11期16卷 2201-2203页

作者： gerald W.Dorn II Department of Internal Medicine Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Human brains represent only 2%of body mass,but their high relative metabolic activity accounts for~20%of total body adenosine triphosphate(ATP)*** generated by neuronal mitochondria fuels nerve signaling and homeostatic *** the peripheral nervous system,which has greater capacity for regeneration after physical,toxic or genetic injury than the central nervous system,ATP also powers actin polymerization/depolymerization for growth cone formation and axon *** ATP generation is therefore a central component of neuronal functioning in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

关键词： motility activation regeneration

160-Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK optical transmission system employing QC-LDPC code

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Chinese Optics Letters 2014年第1期12卷 17-21页

作者：李莎余重秀康喆 gerald Farrell 吴强 State key laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Photonic Research Centre Dublin Institute of Technology

A quasi-cyclic low-density parity check （QC-LDPC） code is constructed by an improved stability of the shortest cycle algorithm for 160-Gb/s non-return zero differential quadrature phase shift keying （NRZ- DQPSK） optical transmission system with the fiber-based optical parametric amplifier （FOPA）. The QC- --14 d LDPC code with stability of the shortest cycle reduces the bit error ratio （BER） to 10 an restrains the error floor effectively.

关键词： Forward error correction Light amplifiers Light transmission Optical parametric amplifiers

Study on a Cross Diffusion Parabolic System

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2007年第1期23卷 9-28页

作者： Li Chen Ling Hsiao gerald Warnecke Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Institute for Analysis and Numerics Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg Box 4120 D-39016Magdeburg Germany

This paper considers a kind of strongly coupled cross diffusion parabolic system, which can be used as the multi-dimensional Lyurnkis energy transport model in semiconductor science. The global existence and large time behavior are obtained for smooth solution to the initial boundary value problem. When the initial data are a small perturbation of an isothermal stationary solution, the smooth solution of the problem under the insulating boundary condition, converges to that stationary solution exponentially fast as time goes to infinity.

关键词： Cross diffusion parabolic system energy transport model global existence asymptotic behavior

Geochemistry of fine-grained sediments of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group(Austria,Slovakia):Implications for paleoenvironmental and provenance studies

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第4期4卷 449-468页

作者： gerald Hofer Michael Wagreich Stephanie Neuhuber Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology.University of Vienna

Bulk rock geochemistry of 169 fine-grained sediment samples of the upper Cretaceous to Paleogene Gosau Group （Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria and Slovakia） fiom borehole and outcrop localities was performed to separate non-marine and marine deposits. Geochemical characteristics of different Gosau depositional systems, basins and sediment provenance using major-, trace-, and rare earth elements were also investigated. Geochemical proxies such as boron concentrations were tested for seeking the possibilities of paleosalinity indicators. Due to the [act that several pelagic sections are represented by extremely low boron contents, B/AI＊ ratios are recognized as more robust and differentiate reliably between marine （mean： 160 ± 34） and non-marine （mean： 133 ± 33） samples. Using statistical factor analysis, hemipelagic to pelagic samples flom the Gieghi_ibl Syncline and Slovakian equivalents can be differentiated from marginal-marine to non-marine samples from the Grtinbach and Glinzendorf Syncline related to terrigenous （SiO2, AI203, K20, Th, Rb, Zr and others） and pelagic indicative elements （CaO, St, TOT/C and B/AI＊）. A clear indication for ophiolitic provenance is traced by high amounts of chromium and nickel. Only non-marine successions of the Glinzendorf Syncline show higher Cr and Ni concentrations （up to 250 and 400 ppm, respectively） and enriched Cr/V and Y/Ni ratios trending to an ultramafic source.

关键词： Gosau GroupGeochemistryPre-Neogene Vienna BasinBoronFactor analysisProvenance

A review of state-of-the-art processing operations in coal preparation

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第4期25卷 511-521页

作者： Noble Aaron Luttrell gerald H. Department of Mining Engineering West Virginia University Department of Mining & Minerals Engineering Virginia Tech

Coal preparation is an integral part of the coal commodity supply chain. This stage of post-mining,pre-utilization beneficiation uses low-cost separation technologies to remove unwanted mineral matter and moisture which hinder the value of the coal product. Coal preparation plants typically employ several parallel circuits of cleaning and dewatering operations, with each circuit designed to optimally treat a specific size range of coal. Recent innovations in coal preparation have increased the efficiency and capacity of individual unit operations while reinforcing the standard parallel cleaning approach. This article,which describes the historical influences and state-of-the-art design for the various coal preparation unit operations, is organized to distinguish between coarse/intermediate coal cleaning and fine/ultrafine coal cleaning. Size reduction, screening, classification, cleaning, dewatering, waste disposal unit operations are particularly highlighted, with a special focus on the U.S. design philosophy. Notable differences between the U.S. and international operations are described as appropriate.

关键词：煤炭产品加工操作制备单元操作选煤厂组成部分分离技术清洗方法

Einstein's Third Paradise

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自然科学史研究 2005年第B7期24卷 75-82页

作者： gerald Holton Harvard University USA

Historians of modern science have good reasons to be grateful to Paul Arthur Schilpp, professor of philosophy and Methodist clergyman but better known as the editor of a series of volumes on“Living Philosophers”, including several on scientist-philosophers. His motto was:“The asking of questions about a philosopher’s meaning while he is alive.” And to his everlasting credit, he persuaded Albert Einstein to do what he had resisted all his years: to sit down to write, in 1946 at age sixty-seven, an extensive autobiography—forty-five pages long in print.

关键词：爱因斯坦科学史哲学体系科学研究