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Altitudinal analysis of carbon stocks in the Antisana páramo,Ecuadorian Andes

Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第5期9卷 553-563页

作者： Verónica Minaya gerald corzo Hugo Romero-Saltos Johannes van der Kwast Egbert Lantinga Remigio Galárraga-Sánchez Arthur Mynett UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Westvest 72611 AX DelftThe Netherlands Technological University of Delft-TU-Delft Stevinweg 12628 CN DelftThe Netherlands Escuela Politécnica Nacional EPNWater Science UnitLadrón de Guevara E11-253Quito 170517Ecuador Yachay Tech Ciudad del Conocimiento YachayHacienda San JoséS/NSan Miguel de Urcuquí100119Ecuador Farming Systems Ecology Wageningen UniversityPO Box 5636700 AN WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims The importance of quantifying carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for determining climate change ***,the present regional assessments of carbon stocks in tropical grasslands are extrapolated to unsampled areas with a high degree of uncertainty and without considering the carbon and nitrogen composition of vegetation and soil along altitudinal *** study aims to assess carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soil and vegetation,aboveground carbon stocks distribution and soil organic carbon stocks along an altitudinal range in the páramo region in the Ecuadorian *** The vegetation inventory was conducted using 15×15 m sampling plots distributed in three altitudinal *** on the patterns exhibited by the dominant vegetation growth forms,biomass and soil were sampled to quantify the corresponding carbon and nitrogen ***,the aboveground live biomass along the páramo altitudinal range was estimated using allometric ***,soil and vegetation carbon stocks were estimated for the entire *** Findings Altitudinal analysis supported a potential distribution of carbon and nitrogen concentrations in soil,litter and live tissues,where higher concentrations were found in the low altitudinal range mainly for tussocks and acaulescent *** in litter showed higher concentrations at low altitudinal ranges for acaulescent rosettes and cushions *** the same growth forms,lignin patterns in litter were higher in high altitudinal *** texture provided complementary information:high percentage of silt was highly correlated to high soil nitrogen and carbon *** were found to be responsive to altitude with their,highest aboveground carbon stocks occurring at the low altitudinal range,but cushions and acaulescent rosettes responded *** established relationships among soil,vegetation and altitude shown in this study must be taken into accou

关键词： Andes carbon growth forms nitrogen páramo grassland

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The neurovascular unit-on-a-chip:modeling ischemic stroke to stem cell therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1431-1432页

作者： Seonghun Kim Minjun Kim gerald A.Grant Wonjae Lee Department of Neurosurgery Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Duke Institute for Brain Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Duke Cancer Institute Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

The neurovascular unit and stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke:Ischemic stroke,accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke incidents and is a major global health *** is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide,posing immense societal and economic challenges due to the long-term care required for stro ke survivors and the significant healthcare costs associated with its treatment and management(Amarenco et al.,2009).

关键词： death unit

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Changes in children’s cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index over the course of the COVID‑19 pandemic:a 34‑month longitudinal study of 331 primary school children

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 185-188页

作者： gerald Jarnig Reinhold Kerbl Mireille N.M.van Poppel Institute of Human Movement Science Sport and HealthUniversity of GrazMozartgasse 148010 GrazAustria Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine LKH Hochsteiermark8700 LeobenAustria

In late 2019,heavy restrictions were enforced on public activities worldwide to diminish the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus[1].These restrictions,which included school closures and strictly limited sports and leisure opportunities,particularly impacted children and adolescents[2].Lifestyle changes in children and adolescents led to reduced physical activity levels[2,3],increased sedentary behavior[3,4],changes in eating habits,and changes in sleep habits[3].

关键词： respiratory acute children

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Antibodies Targeting a Conserved Surface Polysaccharide Are Protective Against a Wide Range of Microbial Pathogens Producing b-1-6-Linked Poly-N-Acetylglucosamine(PNAG)

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 69-76页

作者： Xi Lu Guoqing Li Jing Pang Xinyi Yang Colette Cywes-Bentley Xuefu You gerald B.Pier Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA

The b-1-6-linked poly-N-acetylglucosamine(PNAG)polymer is a conserved surface polysaccharide produced by many bacteria,fungi,and protozoan(and even filarial)*** wide-ranging expression makes PNAG an attractive target for vaccine development,as it potentially encompasses a broad range of *** progress has been made in discovering important properties of the biology of PNAG expression in recent *** molecular characterization and regulation of operons for the production of PNAG biosynthetic proteins and enzymes have been studied in many *** addition,the physiological function of PNAG has been further ***-based vaccines and PNAG-targeting antibodies have shown great efficacy in preclinical ***,clinical tests for both vaccines and antibodies have been carried out in humans and economically important animals,and the results are *** it is not destined to be a smooth road,we are optimistic about new vaccines and immunotherapeutics targeting PNAG becoming validated and eventually licensed for clinical use against multiple infectious agents.

关键词： Poly-N-acetylglucosamine Conjugate vaccine Monoclonal antibody

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Natural Products Improve Organ Microcirculation Dysfunction Following Ischemia/Reperfusion-and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Disturbances:Mechanistic and Therapeutic Views

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 77-99页

作者： Jingyan Han Quan Li Kai Sun Chunshui Pan Jian Liu Ping Huang Juan Feng Yanchen Liu gerald A.Meininger Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine School of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Tasly Microcirculation Research Center Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing 100191China Beijing Laboratory of Integrative Microangiopathy Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Microcirculatory disturbances are complex processes caused by many factors,including abnormal vasomotor responses,decreased blood flow velocity,vascular endothelial cell injury,altered leukocyte and endothelial cell interactions,plasma albumin leakage,microvascular hemorrhage,and *** disturbances involve multiple mechanisms and interactions among mechanisms that can include energy metabolism,the mitochondrial respiratory chain,oxidative stress,inflammatory factors,adhesion molecules,the cytoskeleton,vascular endothelial cells,caveolae,cell junctions,the vascular basement membrane,neutrophils,monocytes,and *** clinical practice,aside from drugs that target abnormal vasomotor responses and platelet adhesion,there continues to be a lack of multi-target drugs that can regulate the complex mechanistic links and interactions underlying microcirculatory *** products have demonstrated obvious positive therapeutic effects in treating ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)-and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced microcirculatory *** recent years,numerous research papers on the improvement of microcirculatory function by natural products have been published in international *** 2008 and 2017,the first listed author of this review was invited to publish reviews in the journal of Pharmacology&Therapeutics on the improvement of microcirculatory disturbances and organ injury induced by I/R using Salvia miltiorrhiza ingredients and other natural components of compounded Chinese medicine,*** review systematically summarizes the effects,targets of action,and mechanisms of natural products regarding improving I/R-and LPSinduced microcirculatory disturbances and tissue *** on this summary,scientific proposals are suggested for the discovery of new drugs to improve microcirculatory disturbances in disease.

关键词： Ischemia/reperfusion Lipopolysaccharide Natural products Leukocyte activation Hyperpermeability

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Remote sensing of quality traits in cereal and arable production systems:A review

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 45-57页

作者： Zhenhai Li Chengzhi Fan Yu Zhao Xiuliang Jin Raffaele Casa Wenjiang Huang Xiaoyu Song gerald Blasch Guijun Yang James Taylor Zhenhong Li College of Geodesy and Geomatics Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Information Technology Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China DAFNE Universitàdella TusciaVia San Camillo de Lellis01100 ViterboItaly Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) PO Box 5689Addis AbabaEthiopia ITAP Univ.MontpellierINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellier 34000France College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054ShaanxiChina

Cereal is an essential source of calories and protein for the global *** predicting cereal quality before harvest is highly desirable in order to optimise management for farmers,grading harvest and categorised storage for enterprises,future trading prices,and policy *** use of remote sensing data with extensive spatial coverage demonstrates some potential in predicting crop quality *** studies have also proposed models and methods for predicting such traits based on multiplatform remote sensing *** this paper,the key quality traits that are of interest to producers and consumers are *** literature related to grain quality prediction was analyzed in detail,and a review was conducted on remote sensing platforms,commonly used methods,potential gaps,and future trends in crop quality *** review recommends new research directions that go beyond the traditional methods and discusses grain quality retrieval and the associated challenges from the perspective of remote sensing data.

关键词： Remote sensing Quality traits Grain protein Cereal

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Heuristic Estimation of the Vacuum Energy Density of the Universe: Part II-Analysis Based on Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Radiation

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2024年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： Vernon Cooray gerald Cooray Marcos Rubinstein Farhad Rachidi Department of Electrical Engineering Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden HEIG-VD University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Yverdon-les-Bains Switzerland Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland

In Part I of this paper, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density of the universe was derived using an indirect and heuristic procedure. The derivation is based on a proposed thought experiment, according to which an electron is accelerated to a constant and relativistic speed at a distance L from a perfectly conducting plane. The charge of the electron was represented by a spherical charge distribution located within the Compton wavelength of the electron. Subsequently, the electron is incident on the perfect conductor giving rise to transition radiation. The energy associated with the transition radiation depends on the parameter L. It was shown that an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density will emerge when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the product of the radiated energy, and the time duration of emission is constrained by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paper, a similar analysis is conducted with a chain of electrons oscillating sinusoidally and located above a conducting plane. In the thought experiment presented in this paper, the behavior of the energy radiated by the chain of oscillating electrons is studied in the frequency domain as a function of the length L of the chain. It is shown that when the length L is pushed to cosmological dimensions and the energy radiated within a single burst of duration of half a period of oscillation is constrained by the fact that electromagnetic energy consists of photons, an inequality satisfied by the vacuum energy density emerges as a result. The derived inequality is given by where is the vacuum energy density. This result is consistent with the measured value of the vacuum energy density, which is 5.38 × 10-10 J/m. The result obtained here is in better agreement with experimental data than the one obtained in Part I of this paper with time domain radiation.

关键词： Classical Electrodynamics Electromagnetic Radiation Action Radiated Energy Photon Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Dark Energy Vacuum Energy Cosmological Constant Hubble Radius

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Advancements in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: A Sustainable Approach for Mitigating Nitrate Pollution: A Review

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Modern Research in Catalysis 2024年第1期13卷 1-28页

作者： gerald D. S. Quoie Jr. Jean Pierre Bavumiragira Varney Kromah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education Tongji University Shanghai China Department of Mining Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

Nitrate pollution is of great importance in both the environmental and health contexts, necessitating the development of efficient mitigation strategies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the many catalysts employed in the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, and presents a viable environmentally friendly approach to address the issue of nitrate pollution. Hence, the electrochemical transformation of nitrate to ammonia serves the dual purpose of addressing nitrate pollution in water bodies, and is a useful agricultural resource. This review examines a range of catalyst materials such as noble and non-noble metals, metal oxides, carbon-based materials, nitrogen-doped carbon species, metal complexes, and semiconductor photocatalysts. It evaluates catalytic efficiency, selectivity, stability, and overall process optimization. The performance of catalysts is influenced by various factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading techniques, and electrode interfaces. Comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density, stability, and durability of the catalysts. This assessment offers significant perspectives on the structural, compositional, and electrochemical characteristics that affect the efficacy of these catalysts, thus informing future investigations and advancements in this domain. In addition to mitigating nitrate pollution, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia is in line with sustainable agricultural methods, resource conservation, and the utilization of renewable energy resources. This study explores the factors that affect the catalytic efficiency, provides new opportunities to address nitrate pollution, and promotes the development of sustainable environmental solutions.

关键词： Nitrate Pollution Electrochemical Reduction Ammonia Sustainable Farming Catalysts

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Water Scarcity in Conakry, Guinea: Challenges and Proposed Strategies for a Way Forward

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第4期16卷 264-280页

作者： Bernard Lassimo Diawara gerald D. S. Quoie Jr Zhuo Li Justin Junior Loua College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Tongji University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Tongji University Shanghai China Business School Sichuan University Chengdu China

The capital of Guinea, Conakry, faces a notable difficulty due to a water shortage, which is worsened by the rapid increase in population and urban development. The Guinean Water Company (SEG) faces challenges in supplying water to the entire city due to its limited area of approximately 420 km2 and a population of 2 million. Moreover, the population growth rate is anticipated to increase dramatically, exacerbating the difficulty of fulfilling future water requirements. As a result, this study employs data from the Knoema website and the Institute of National Statistics of Guinea (INS) to examine the water production and distribution process by the SEG. The study examines the challenges related to water scarcity in Conakry and suggests strategies to assist the city in managing the present circumstances and planning for the future. The primary objective is to get a long-lasting water supply and uphold water quality to advance public health.

关键词： Water Scarcity Conakry Population Growth SDGs SEG

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Climate-influenced vector-borne diseases in Africa: a call to empower the next generation of African researchers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-10页

作者： Obame-Nkoghe Judica?l Agossou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa gerald Kamgang Basile Caminade Cyril Duke Dawn C. Githeko Andrew Karanja Ogega Obed M. Elloué Nestor Engone Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkoghe Dieudonné Kengne Pierre Ndam Nicaise T. Paupy Christophe Bockarie Moses Otomo Patricks Voua Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory (LabMC) Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ecology and Health Research Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoology and Entomology Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physics Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Africa Research Excellence Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK Community Health Support Program P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The African Academy of Sciences Nairobi Kenya Center for Phylosophical Studies and Research (CERP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic Diseases Control Program Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEGEC Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana School of Community Health Sciences Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between climate change and vector-borne diseases in low- and middle-income countries in Africa. The large endemicity and escalating threat of diseases such as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by climate change, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities globally. We highlight the urgency of prioritizing research and development, advocating for robust scientific inquiry to promote adaptation strategies, and the vital role that the next generation of African research leaders will play in addressing these challenges. Despite significant challenges such as funding shortages within countries, various pan-African-oriented funding bodies such as the African Academy of Sciences, the Africa Research Excellence Fund, the Wellcome Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as initiatives such as the African Research Initiative for Scientific Excellence and the Pan-African Mosquito Control Association, have empowered (or are empowering) these researchers by supporting capacity building activities, including continental and global networking, skill development, mentoring, and African-led research. This article underscores the urgency of increased national investment in research, proposing the establishment of research government agencies to drive evidence-based interventions. Collaboration between governments and scientific communities, sustained by pan-African funding bodies, is crucial. Through these efforts, African nations are likely to enhance the resilience and adaptive capacity of their systems and communities by navigating these challenges effectively, fostering scientific excellence and implementing transformative solutions against climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases.

关键词： Climate change Vector-borne diseases Africa Environmental justice Research and development Pan-African funding initiatives

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