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Recovery of high-purity Pt from Pt-Au bimetallic nanoparticles using organic aqua regia

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Rare Metals 2012年第1期31卷 92-95页

作者： LIN Wei School of Materials Science & Engineering,georgia Institute of Technology,Atlanta,georgia,30332,USA School of Materials Science & Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

Using organic aqua regia,a recently discovered powerful organic leaching agent,an effective process of recovering Pt directly from Pt-Au bimetallic nanoparticles was *** purities of the Pt recovered from a mixture of Au and Pt nanoparticles and from Pt-Au core-shell nanoparticle catalyst are as high as (99.49±0.22)%,and (95.02±0.08)%,*** novel recovery process promises applications in catalysis industry.

关键词： organic aqua regia bimetallic platinum gold nanoparticle recovery

Corticosteroid-free immunosuppression in liver transplantation: An evidence-based review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10703-10714页

作者： George Sgourakis georgia Dedemadi 2~(nd) Surgical Department and Surgical Oncology Unit "Korgialenio-Benakio" Red Cross Hospital Surgical Department of "Amalia Fleming" General Hospital

Thirty-six randomized controlled trials and two metaanalyses were reviewed. With respect to adult patients undergoing first orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT), steroid replacement resulted in fewer cases of overall acute rejection in the corticosteroid free-immunosuppression arm. Initial steroid administration for two weeks and early tacrolimus monotherapy is a feasible immunosuppression regimen without steroid replacement, although further investigations are needed in view of chronic rejections. No significant differences were noted between the treatment groups in terms of patient and graft survival independently of steroid replacement. Renal insufficiency, de novo hypertension, neurological disorders and infectious complications did not differ significantly among steroid and steroidfree groups. Diabetes mellitus, cholesterol levels and cytomegalovirus infection are more frequent in patients within the steroid group. With respect to diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, the difference was independent of steroid replacement. In relation to transplanted hepatitis C virus patients, mycophenolate mofetil does not appear to have a significant antiviral effect despite early reports. Male gender of donors and recipients, living donors, cold ischemia times, acute rejection, and early histological recurrence were related to the development of advanced hepatitis. There is sufficient scientific clinical evidence advocating avoidance of the ab initio use of steroids in OLT.

关键词： Meta-analysis Evidence based Hepatitis C virus recurrence Liver transplantation Steroid withdrawal Orthotopic liver transplantation

Trans-Golgi Network-An Intersection of Trafficking Cell Wall Components

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第11期54卷 875-886页

作者： Natasha Worden Eunsook Park georgia Drakakaki Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis 95616USA

The cell wall, a crucial cell compartment, is composed of a network of polysaccharides and proteins, providing structural support and protection from external stimuli.

关键词： Cell wall chemical genomics endomembrane trafficking trans-Golgi network vesicle proteomics.

Thermal Diversities of Two Na^+/H^+ Exchanges in Guinea Pig Red Cells

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第3期14卷 171-179页

作者： JI HONG-LONG 1Department of Cellular Biology, University of georgia, Athens, georgia 30602, USA Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA. ji@physiology.uab.edu

Objective\ To test the effect of hypothermia on Na+/H+ exchange, activated by shrinkage and cytoplasmic acidosis. Method\ Amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx in guinea pig red cells was traced with isotope 22Na and intracellular Na+ concentration was measured by emission flame photometry. Result\ Amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx decreased linearly as a function of temperatures (about 37℃) in shrunken cells, but increased in acidified cells. The up-regulation of acid-induced Na+/H+ exchange by elevated temperature was enhanced by hypo-osmolarity. Less sensitivity of intracellular H+ site at 41℃ may be the mechanism for the inhibition of shrinkage-induced Na+/H+ exchange by elevated temperature. Heating-mediated explosive increase in the activity of acid-induced Na+/H+ exchange may be due to enhanced extracellular Na+ sensitivity and lower intracellular pH caused by acidic metabolites. Acid-induced Na+/H+ ewxchange contributes to cytoplasmic Na+ accumulation. Conclusion\ These two modes of Na+/H+ exchange with different response to elevated temperature may play different roles in the cellular pathogenesis of heatstroke.

关键词： Animals Cell Culture Techniques Erythrocytes Guinea Pigs Heat Stroke Hydrogen Ion Exchange Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Sodium Temperature

Stimulating erythropoiesis in inflammatory bowel disease associated anemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4798-4806页

作者： georgia Tsiolakidou Ioannis E Koutroubakis Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Heraklion Crete Greece

Anemia is a frequent complication in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and is associated with decreased quality of life and increased rate of hospitalization. The primary therapeutic targets of IBD- associated anemia are iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease. An important prognostic parameter of the success or failure of therapy is the outcome of the underlying disease. Iron deficiency should be appropriately managed with iron supplementation. However, the use of oral iron therapy is limited by several problems, the most important being gastrointestinal side effects leading occasionally to disease relapse and poor iron absorption. Intravenous iron preparations are more reliable, with iron sucrose demonstrating the best efficacy and tolerability. Treatment with erythropoietin or darbepoetin has been proven to be effective in patients with anemia, who fail to respond to intravenous iron. Patients with ongoing inflammation have anemia of chronic disease and may require combination therapy comprising of intravenous iron sucrose and erythropoietin. After initiating treatment, careful monitoring of hemoglobin levels and iron parameters is needed in order to avoid recurrence of anemia. In conclusion, anemia in the setting of IBD should be aggressively diagnosed, investigated, and treated. Future studies should define the optimal dose and schedule of intravenous iron supplementation and appropriate erythropoietin therapy in these patients.

关键词： Anemia Crohn’s disease Erythropoiesis Erythropoietin Iron Ulcerative colitis

Thrombosis and inflammatory bowel disease-the role of genetic risk factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4440-4444页

作者： georgia Tsiolakidou Ioannis E Koutroubakis Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Heraklion CreteHeraklion 71110Greece

Thromboembolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease （IBD）. Recent data suggest thromboembolism as a disease-specific extraintestinal manifestation of IBD, which is developed as the result of multiple interactions between acquired and genetic risk factors. There is evidence indicating an imbalance of procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolitic factors predisposing in thrombosis in patients with IBD. The genetic factors that have been suggested to interfere in the thrombotic manifestations of IBD include factor V Leiden, factor Ⅱ （prothrombin, G20210A）, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation （MTHFR, 6777T, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAI-1） gene mutation and factor X Ⅲ （val34leu）. In this article we review the current data and future prospects on the role of genetic risk factors in the development of thromboembolism in TBD.

关键词： Crohn's disease Factor Ⅴ Leiden Genetics Thrombosis Ulcerative colitis

PTPN22 and islet-specific autoimmunity:What have the mouse models taught us?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第7期8卷 330-336页

作者： Giuseppe Galvani georgia Fousteri Diabetes Research Institute IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute20132 MilanItaly

An allelic variant of the protein tyrosin phosphatase non-receptor 22(PTPN22) gene, PTPN22 R620 W, constitutes the strongest non-HLA genetic risk factor for the development of type 1 diabetes(T1D). A numberstudies using mouse models have addressed how PTPN22 predisposes to T1D. PTPN22 downmodulation, overexpression or expression of the variant gene in genetically manipulated mice has generated controversial results. These discrepancies probably derive from the fact that PTPN22 has differential effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, the effects of PTPN22 are dependent on other genetic variables. Here we discuss these findings and try to explain the discrepancies. Exploring the mechanism by which PTPN22 contributes to islet-specific autoimmunity could help us understand its role in T1D pathogenesis and exploit it as a potential therapeutic target to prevent the disease.

关键词： Protein tyrosin phosphatase non-receptor 22 Type 1 diabetes Genetic susceptibility Mouse model Autoimmunity Islet-specific autoimmunity

Recent advances in pharmacological treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8867-8885页

作者： georgia Lazaraki Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Panagiotis Katsinelos Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit G. Gennimatas General Hospital School of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional disorder that reduces patients’ quality of life. It is a chronic disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with disordered defecation in the absence of identifiable structural or biochemical abnormalities. IBS imposes a significant economic burden to the healthcare system. Alteration in neurohumoral mechanisms and psychological factors, bacterial overgrowth, genetic factors, gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and immune system factors are currently believed to influence the pathogenesis of IBS. It is possible that there is an interaction of one or more of these etiologic factors leading to heterogeneous symptoms of IBS. IBS treatment is predicated upon the patient’s most bothersome symptoms. Despite the wide range of medications and the high prevalence of the disease, to date no completely effective remedy is available. This article reviews the literature from January 2008 to July 2013 on the subject of IBS peripherally acting pharmacological treatment. Drugs are categorized according to their administration for IBS-C, IBS-D or abdominal pain predominant IBS.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome constipation Irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea Constipation Diarrhea Irritable bowel syndrome treatment Irritable bowel syndrome-pain

Identification and Preliminary Characterization of a New Chemical Affecting Glucosyltransferase Activities Involved in Plant Cell Wall Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 977-989页

作者： Olga Zabotina Erik Maim georgia Drakakaki Vincent Bulone Natasha Raikhel Institute for Integrative Genome Biology Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA92521 USA School of Biotechnology Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) AlbaNova University Center Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden Present address: Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50014 USA

Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast developing approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conventional genetics because of gene redundancy or lethality and, in the case of polysaccharide biosynthesis, plant flexibility. Polysaccharide synthetic enzymes are located in two main compartments--the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-and can be studied in vitro using membrane fractions. Here, we first developed a high-throughput assay that allowed the screening of a library of chemicals with a potential effect on glycosyltransferase activities. Out of the 4800 chemicals screened for their effect on Golgi glucosyltransferases, 66 compounds from the primary screen had an effect on carbohydrate biosynthesis. Ten of these compounds were confirmed to inhibit glucose incorporation after a second screen. One compound exhibiting a strong inhibition effect （ID 6240780 named chemical A） was selected and further studied. It reversibly inhibits the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose by Golgi membranes, but activates the plasma membrane-bound callose synthase. The inhibition effect is dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, which does not affect endomembrane morphology of the plant cells, but causes changes in cell wall composition. Chemical A represents a novel drug with a great potential for the study of the mechanisms of Golgi and plasma membrane-bound glucosyltransferases.

关键词： cell walls callose synthase chemical screening and identification glycosyltransferase Golgi plasma membrane