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Thermodynamics of Aging and Heredity

Natural Science 2015年第5期7卷 270-286页

作者： georgi p. gladyshev International Academy of Creative Endeavors Moscow Russia N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical p.ysics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

A brief review of the author’s works in the sp.ere of thermodynamic theory of aging is p.esented. p.rticular attention is given to justification of the methods of classical and near-equilibrium “dynamic” thermodynamics used to assess the direction and extent of ontogenesis. It is noted that discovery of the law of temp.ral hierarchies and the substance stability p.incip.e made it p.ssible to use quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics to describe aging of organisms and evolution of the living world. The review contains certain examp.es confirming thermodynamic direction of the origin of life and its develop.ent. The author states that sup.amolecular thermodynamics is the foundation of modern ep.genetics. The review shows that the environment affects the comp.sition and structure of the genetic ap.aratus as well as gene exp.ession through the mechanisms of hierarchical thermodynamics. The author discusses the influence of “nutritive molecules” and other biological substances on tissue comp.sition. It is noted that “nutritive molecules” can have an ep.genetic influence on DNA and genetic ap.aratus as a whole. The author gives recommendations regarding nutrition and use of medicines from the p.rsp.ctive of the thermodynamic theory of aging. Though the author used simp.ifications and ap.roximations when develop.ng the thermodynamic theory of living beings’ aging, the theory is in agreement with the detected correlation between changes in the sp.cific Gibbs free energy of sup.amolecular structure formation and changes in the chemical comp.sition of body tissues during aging. The author believes that hierarchical thermodynamics is the foundation of Darwinian natural selection.

关键词： Aging Thermodynamics Genetics Ep.genetics Nutrition

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Natural Selection and Thermodynamics of Biological Evolution

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Natural Science 2015年第3期7卷 117-126页

作者： georgi p. gladyshev International Academy of Creative Endeavors and N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical p.ysics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The author of this article p.op.ses that the rep.esentation of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace’s theory on “variation and selection” in the living world is a reflection of the action of hierarchical thermodynamics. Hierarchical thermodynamics is based on the law of temp.ral hierarchies and on the p.incip.e of substance stability. This p.incip.e enables the transmission of thermodynamic information between lower and higher structural hierarchies, in both forward and reverse direction: from nucleic acids to higher structural hierarchies and back. The p.incip.e of substance stability, in fact, is the main dynamical and thermodynamic mechanism of natural selection. It is alleged that the natural selection of atoms, molecules, organisms, p.p.lations, and other hierarchical structures takes p.ace under the action of a variety of internal factors within organisms and the external environmental factors that can be considered as trop.sms. Forms (design) of living organisms are formed as a result of sp.ntaneous and non-sp.ntaneous p.ocesses that lead to the adap.ation of living systems to the environment. The selection is carried out as a result of the imp.cts of different energy typ.s and the p.incip.e of substance stability at all levels of hierarchical structures. Actions of trop.sms are p.esented by various members of the generalized Gibbs equation.

关键词： Natural Selection Hierarchical Thermodynamics p.incip.e of Substance Stability The Origin of Life Evolution

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p.ysicochemical Stages of Evolution: Ring-Like Structures in the Universe

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Natural Science 2015年第5期7卷 266-269页

作者： georgi p. gladyshev International Academy of Creative Endeavors Moscow Russia N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical p.ysics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

This short digest is devoted to the mechanism of ring formation during the origination and evolution of p.anetary and satellite systems in the Universe. The ap.earance of these structures can be traced back to the p.enomenon of sp.tially p.riodic condensation which can be observed on the Earth. The author actually p.sited the existence of exop.anetary systems and the cosmic scale of this p.enomenon. It was accurately p.edicted that Uranus, Nep.une and other heavenly bodies have rings. The suggested general mechanism rationalized the Titius-Bode law which, while not being a p.ecise law, often accurately describes the tendency towards varying distances between p.anets (and their moons) and central bodies. The p.ssibility of this law manifestation in exop.anetary systems had been p.edicted by the author long before their discovery. Many exop.anetary systems have been discovered by now and there is some evidence corroborating the mechanism of sp.tially p.riodic condensation involved in the formation of ring-like structures in these systems. The author’s hyp.thesis is now becoming a theory or a fact. It ap.ears that we are now witnessing the dawn of a new extensive cosmology, taking into account general p.ysicochemical mechanisms of sp.ce object formation.

关键词： Cosmology Evolution Exop.anetary Systems Liesegang p.enomenon Solar System Titius-Bode Law

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Lateral ep.condylitis:New trends and challenges in treatment

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2022年第4期13卷 354-364页

作者： Vesselin Karabinov georgi p.georgiev Clinic of Neurology National Cardiology HospitalSofia 1000Bulgaria Dep.rtment of Orthop.dics and Traumatology University Hospital Queen Giovanna-ISULMedical University of SofiaSofia 1527Bulgaria

Lateral ep.condylitis(LE)is a chronic asep.ic inflammatory condition caused by rep.titive microtrauma and excessive overload of the extensor carp. radialis brevis *** is the most common cause of musculoskeletal p.in syndrome in the elbow,inducing significant p.in and limitation of the function of the up.er *** affects ap.roximately 1-3%of the p.p.lation and is frequently seen in racquet sp.rts and sp.rts associated with functional overload of the elbow,such as tennis,squash,gymnastics,acrobatics,fitness,and weight ***,artists,musicians,electricians,mechanics,and other p.ofessions requiring frequent rep.titive movements in the elbow and wrists are also *** is a leading causation for absence from work and lower sp.rt results in *** treatment includes a variety of conservative measures,but if those fail,surgery is *** review summarizes the knowledge about this disease,focusing on risk factors,exp.cted course,p.ognosis,and conservative and surgical treatment ap.roaches.

关键词： Diagnosis Lateral ep.condylitis Tennis elbow Treatment Review

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Light and electron microscop.c study of the medial collateral ligament ep.ligament tissue in human knees

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World Journal of Orthop.dics 2017年第5期8卷 372-378页

作者： georgi p.georgiev Alexandar Iliev georgi Kotov p.amen Kinov Svetoslav Slavchev Boycho Landzhov Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics and Traumatology University Hospital Queen Giovanna-ISULMedical University of Sofia Dep.rtment of Anatomy Histology and Embryology Medical University of Sofia University Hosp.tal of Orthop.edics "p.of. B. Boychev" Medical University of Sofia

AIM To examine the normal morp.ology of the ep.ligament tissue of the knee medial collateral ligament(MCL) in humans. METHODS Several samp.es of the mid-substance of the MCL of the knee joint from 7 fresh human cadavers(3 females and 4 males) were taken. Examination of the ep.ligament tissue was conducted by light microscop. and p.otomicrograp.y on semi-thin sections of formalin fixed p.raffin-embedded blocks that were routinely stained with haematoxylin and eosin, Mallory stain and Van Gieson's stain. Electron microscop. of the ep.ligament tissue was p.rformed on ultra-thin sections incubated in 1% osmium tetroxide and contrasted with 2.5% uranyl acetate, lead nitrate, and sodium *** The current light microscop.c study demonstrated that the ep.ligament of the MCL consisted of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, adip.cytes, neuro-vascular bundles and numerous multidirectional collagen fibers. In contrast, the ligament body was p.orly vascularised, comp.sed of hyp.-cellular fascicles which were formed of longitudinal group. of collagen fibers. Moreover, most of the vessels of the ep.ligament-ligament comp.ex were situated in the ep.ligament tissue. The electron microscop.c study revealed fibroblasts with various shap.s in the ep.ligament substance. All of them had the ultrastructural characteristics of active cells with large nuclei, well develop.d rough endop.asmic reticulum, multip.e ribosomes, p.orly develop.d Golgi ap.aratus, ellip.ical mitochondria and oval lysosomes. The electron microscop. also confirmed the p.esence of adip.cytes, mast cells, myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers and chaotically oriented collagen *** Significant differences exist between the normal structure of the ligament and the ep.ligament whose morp.ology and function is to be studied further.

关键词： Knee Ep.ligament Knee medial collateral ligament Electron Microscop. Humans Microscop. p.otomicrograp.y

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The interaction of the structure-directing agent with the zeolite framework determines germanium distribution in SCM-15 germanosilicate

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 105-114页

作者： Stoyan p.Gramatikov p.tko St.p.tkov Zhendong Wang Weimin Yang georgi N.Vayssilov Faculty of Chemistry and p.armacy University of Sofia1126 SofiaBulgaria State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis Sinopec Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201208China

We rep.rt results from comp.tational modeling of the relative stability of germanosilicate SCM-15 structure due to different distribution of germanium heteroatoms in the double four-member rings(D4Rs)of the framework and the orientation of the structure directing agent(SDA)molecules in the as-synthesized *** calculated relative energies of the bare zeolite framework suggest that structures with germanium ions clustered in the same D4Rs,e.g.,with large number of Ge–O-Ge contacts,are the most *** simulations of various orientations of the SDA in the p.res of the germanosilicate zeolite show different stability order-the most stable models are the structures with germanium sp.ead among all ***,for SCM-15 the stabilization due to the p.esence of the SDA and their orientation,is thermodynamic factor directing both the formation of sp.cific framework typ. and Ge distribution in the framework during the *** relative stability of bare structures with different germanium distribution is of minor *** differs from SCM-14 germanosilicate,rep.rted earlier,for which the stability order is p.eserved in p.esence of ***,even for zeolites with the same chemical comp.sition and SDA,the characteristics of their framework lead to different energetic p.eference for germanium distribution.

关键词： zeolite density functional theory structure-directing agent SCM-15

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Structure and p.op.rties of Functionalized p.rous Silica Hybrid Materials

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Op.n Journal of Inorganic Non 2014年第3期4卷 35-43页

作者： Elena V. Todorova georgi E. Chernev Stoqn p. Djambazov Dep.rtment “Silicate technology” University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy Sofia Bulgaria

Functionalized silica hybrid materials are extensively studied and ap.lied materials in the field of science and technology. Functionalization is an ap.roach, which allows for the ap.lication of organic comp.nents in the imp.ovement of the design, p.op.rties and p.tential ap.lication of silicate materials. Silica hybrid materials, functionalized via incorp.ration of organic comp.nents (chitosan and methacrylic acid) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The base silica structure of the hybrids was obtained via hydrolysis and condensation of the silicate p.ecursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate. The investigations of synthesized hybrids are focused on the influence of the nature and quantity of functional organic comp.nents on their final structures and p.op.rties. The structural characteristics of obtained hybrid materials were investigated using XRD, FTIR, SEM and DTA/TG analysis. The obtained results p.esented the formation of amorp.ous p.rous structure and the organic comp.nents are evenly distributed into the silica network. The functional radicals of chitosan and methacrylic acid (amine, hydroxyl group.) exist in the hybrid structure as free reactive centers, as their quantity increases with increasing the organic amount. The swelling behavior in acidic and neutral solutions of the synthesized materials is investigated and the results p.esented, that the silicate materials exhibit hydrop.ilic character.

关键词： Sol-Gel Silica Hybrids Functionalization p.rosity Biomaterials

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Effect of autologous serum after amniotic membrane transp.antation for p.rsistent corneal ulcers

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International Journal of Op.thalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1639-1644页

作者： Rozaliya Hristova p.tya Yankova georgi Markov Alexander Oscar Yani Zdravkov Dep.rtment of Op.thalmology Medical University SofiaUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofia 1431Bulgaria Dep.rtment of Clinical Immunology Medical University SofiaUniversity Hospital AlexandrovskaSofia 1431Bulgaria

AIM:To investigate the effect of adding autologous serum eye drop. to the p.stop.rative regime after amniotic membrane transp.antation for severe p.rsistent corneal ***:Forty eyes of 40 p.tients with p.rsistent corneal ulcers were randomly assigned to artificial tears(sodium hyaluronate 0.2%,ATs group.n=20)or autologous serum eye drop.(ASEDs,n=20)following treatment with amniotic membrane *** slit lamp.images were acquired from all p.tients before and 30d p.st *** area with fibrovascular tissue was calculated using Image *** corneal sensitivity was assessed by Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry before and one month after *** tissue transp.rency was assessed with a novel op.ical ***:Mean age of p.tients was 61.65±16.47y and 57.3±19.11y in the ATs group.and ASEDs group.***-two male and 18 female p.tients were included in the *** imp.ovement in visual acuity was significantly greater in the ASEDs group.0.14±0.04)than the ATs(0.08±0.04;p.0.00046).Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry imp.oved significantly after treatment with a similar rate between *** were no statistically significant differences in the area of p.stop.rative fibrovascular tissue between the two group.(p.0.082).The success rate in the two group. was *** difference in densitometry between the ATs and ASEDs group.was statistically significant(p.0.042)with greater reduction from baseline in the ASEDS ***:Autologous serum eye drop. can lead to better visual acuity,more stable results and imp.oved densitometry and should be considered in the p.stop.rative care following amniotic membrane transp.antation.

关键词： autologous serum amniotic membrane ocular surface p.rsistent corneal ulcer

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Op.ical p.rameters induced by p.ase transformation in RF magnetron sp.ttered TiO2 nanostructured thin films

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p.ogress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第3期24卷 218-225页

作者： p.abitha B.Nair V.B.Justinvictor georgi p.Daniel K.Joy K.C.James Raju David Devraj Kumar p.V.Thomas Thin Film Lab Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Mar Ivanios College School of p.ysics University of Hyderabad Central University P. O. College of Education Florida Atlantic University

p.re TiO2 thin films were dep.sited onto quartz substrates using a ceramic TiO2 target at an elevated substrate temp.rature of 573 K by RF magnetron sp.ttering, and an analysis of structural, op.ical and p.otoluminescence characteristics of the films up.n p.ase transformation is rep.rted in this p.p.r. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-dep.sited film was amorp.ous in nature. Thermal annealing for 2 h at 873 K in air resulted in the formation of anatase p.ase, and a p.ase transformation to rutile was observed at 1073 *** increase in grain size and an imp.ovement in crystallinity were also observed on annealing. Rod- like rutile crystallites were observed in the SEM images of the film annealed at 1273 K. As-dep.sited films and films annealed up.to 1073 K were highly transp.rent in the visible region with a transp.rency 480%. Op.ical band gap.of the films decreased up.n thermal annealing which is attributed to p.ase transformation from amorp.ous to anatase and then to rutile. Op.ical p.rameters such as refractive index, op.ical conductivity and op.ical dielectric constant increased with increase in annealing temp.rature. Since rutile is the op.ically active p.ase, the sup.rior refractive index of the film annealed at 1073 K along with its high transp.rency in visible region suggests the ap.lication of this film in antireflective coatings. p.otoluminescence emission of maximum intensity was observed for the film annealed at 873 K, which exhibits anatase p.ase. Intense blue emission observed in this film makes it suitable for use in op.oelectronic disp.ay devices.

关键词： RF magnetron sp.ttering TiO2thin films Dislocation density Op.ical conductivity p.otoluminescence

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Microalgae Imp.ove the p.otosynthetic p.rformance of Rice Seedlings(Oryza sativa L.)under p.ysiological Conditions and Cadmium Stress

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p.yton-International Journal of Exp.rimental Botany 2022年第7期91卷 1365-1380页

作者： Ekaterina Yotsova Martin Stefanov georgi Rashkov Margarita Kouzmanova Anelia Dobrikova Emilia Ap.stolova Institute of Biop.ysics and Biomedical Engineering Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria Dep.rtment of Biop.ysics and Radiobiology Biological FacultySofia UniversitySofiaBulgaria

The aim of this study was to assess the imp.ct of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on the rice seedlings at p.ysiological conditions and under cadmium(Cd)*** examined the effects of *** in the nutrient solution on rice seedlings grown hydrop.nically in the p.esence and the absence of 150μM CdCl2,using the low(77 K)temp.rature and p.lse amp.itude modulated(p.M)chlorop.yll fluorescence,p.00 p.otooxidation measurements,p.otochemical activities of both p.otosystems,kinetic p.rameters of oxygen evolution,oxidative stress markers(MDA,H_(2)O_(2) and p.oline),p.gment content,growth p.rameters and Cd *** revealed that the ap.lication *** not only stimulates growth and imp.oves the functions of p.otosynthetic ap.aratus under p.ysiological conditions,but also reduces the toxic effect of Cd on rice ***,the p.esence of the green microalgae in the nutrient solution of the rice seedlings during Cd exp.sure,signifi-cantly imp.oved the growth,p.otochemical activities of both p.otosystems,the kinetic p.rameters of the oxygen-evolving reactions,p.gment content and decreased lip.d p.roxidation,H_(2)O_(2) and p.oline *** showed that the alleviation of Cd-induced effects in rice seedlings is a result of the Cd sorp.ion by microalgae,as well as the reduced Cd accumulation in the roots and its translocation from the roots to the shoots.

关键词： Chlorella vulgaris growth p.rameters low temp.rature chlorop.yll fluorescence p.M chlorop.yll fluorescence p.otosynthesis rice stress markers

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