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Indications for Renal Needle Biopsy and Histological Spectrum of Kidney Disease in Togo

Open Journal of Pathology 2024年第2期14卷 45-53页

作者： Eyram Makafui Yoan Yawo Amekoudi Badomta Dolaama Kossi Akomola Sabi Komlan georges Tona Toyi Tchamdja Department of Nephrology Kara Teaching Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Internal Medicine Kara Teaching Hospital University of Kara Kara Togo

Introduction: The frequent late-stage diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) constrains the treatment choices for nephrologists. Renal biopsy (RB) is crucial for accurately identifying renal lesions. This key nephrological procedure, however, is invasive and not without potential complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the indications, frequency, and histological lesion profiles of renal biopsies in Togo. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study encompassing all renal biopsies performed in Togo from the inception of nephrology services to the present. Data were compiled from the medical records of the patients. Results: From 2015 to 2023, 68 high-quality renal biopsies were executed in Togo. The patients had an average age of 30.6 years, with a predominance of males (69.1%). The most common indication was nephrotic syndrome, accounting for 66.2% of cases. Histologically, glomerulopathies were predominant, representing 61.8% of lesions, followed by vascular nephropathies (25%) and tubulointerstitial nephropathies (13.2%). The most frequently observed primary glomerulopathy was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Gross hematuria was the sole complication, occurring in 1.4% of the cases. Conclusion: RB is an evolving practice in Togo. Glomerulopathies are the most commonly observed lesions. The histological categorization of renal lesions is vital for clinicians in their diagnostic reasoning and approach.

关键词： Renal Needle Biopsies Histology Kidney Failure Epidemiology Togo

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Soil Organic Carbon stock Variation under Different Soil Types and Land Uses in the Sub-Humid Noun Plain, Western Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 191-209页

作者： Frank Abigail Sobze Kenfack georges Kogge Kome Achille Bienvenue Ibrahim Viviane Pauline Mandah Dieudonne Bitondo Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Land Surveying National Advanced School of Public Works Yaound&#233 Cameroon International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Cameroon Eco-Regional Center HFS Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Earth Science Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

This study was conducted to assess the current stock of soil organic carbon under different agricultural land uses, soil types and soil depths in the Noun plain in western Cameroon. Three sites were selected for the study, namely Mangoum, Makeka and Fossang, representative of the three dominant soil types of the noun plain (Andosols, Acrisols and Ferralsols). Three land uses were selected per site including natural vegetation, agroforest and crop field. Soil was sampled at three depths;0 - 20 cm, 20 - 40 cm, and 40 - 60 cm. Analysis of variance showed that soil type did not significantly influence carbon storage, but rather land uses and soil depth. SOCS decreased significantly with depth in all the sites, with an average stock of 66.3 ± 15.8 tC/ha at 0 - 20 cm, compared to an average stock of 33.3 ± 7.4 tC/ha at 40 - 60 cm. SOCS was significantly highest in the natural formation with 57.2 ± 19.7 tC/ha, and lowest in cultivated fields, at 37.7 ± 10.6 tC/ha. Andosols, with their high content of coarse fragments, stored less organic carbon than Ferralsols and Acrisols.

关键词： Carbon stocks Soil Type Soil Depth Agricultural Land Use Noun Plain

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Epidemiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Features of Urinary stone Disease in Northern Benin from 2018 to 2023

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第2期14卷 128-137页

作者： Gandaho Isidore Sossa Jean Toré Sanni Rafiou Dènon Emmanuel Allodé Alexandre Avakoudjo Déjinnin Josué georges Département de Chirurgie et Spécialités Chirurgicales Université de Parakou Parakou Bénin Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

Objective: To determine the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of urinary in northern Benin from 2018 to 2023. Patients and Method: The study was an observational and descriptive one. We exhaustively and retrospectively collected data from the medical records of the patients that were managed from February 1, 2018 to February 1, 2023 at the Department of Surgery of “Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départmental Borgou-Alibori or CHUD-BA”. Results: Among the 4522 patients managed, 75% or 1.7% had urinary stone disease. Their mean age was 41 years. The sex ratio was 2.75, the males being predominantly affected. Of the 75 cases of urinary stone disease, 30.7% (n = 23) were renal, 46.7% (n = 35) were ureteral, and 22.7% (n = 17) were vesical. The patients came from variable geographical areas, ethnic groups, and professional sectors. Their main complaints were pain (57.3%), hematuria (14.7%), dysuria (12%), and fever (5.3%). 15 (20%) patients, i.e., 7 renal stone and 8 ureteral stone patients, had an obstructive renal failure. The imaging tools available were ultrasonography, tomography and computed tomographic scan. 11 of the bladder stone cases (64.7%) were associated with a bladder outlet obstruction. Overall, 38.7% of the patients had either diabetes mellitus (6.7%), hypertension or high blood pressure (6.7%), benign prostate hyperplasia (8%), urinary schistosomiasis (6.7%), ureteral pelvic junction obstruction (2.7%), and prostate cancer (1.3%). Of the 19 patients whose dietary behavior was investigated 15 (79%), 11 (57.9%) et 11 (57.9%) demonstrated a diet which was respectively rich in milk, fromage and meat. 100% of bladder stones were removed through cystolithotomy. Renal stones were removed by pyelolithtomy (52.2%) and nephrolithotomy (21.7%). Ureteral stones were removed through ureterolithotomy (40%), expelled by means of alpha-blockers (40%) or managed with ureteral pigtail stent (20%). Conclusion: The hospital prevalence of urinary stone d

关键词： Urinary stone Epidemiologic Diagnostic Therapeutic

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The Entomological Efficacy of Piperonyl Butoxide (PBO) Combined with a Pyrethroid in Insecticide-Treated Nets for Malaria Prevention: A Village-Based Cohort study Prior to Large-Scale Deployment of New Generation Mosquito Nets in Burkina Faso

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 224-248页

作者： Aristide S. Hien Samina Maiga Koama Bayili Adissa Y. Ouattara Dieudonné D. Soma Richard Bationo georges Benson Meda Delphine O. Karama Tiecoura Camara georges Anicet Ouedraogo Roch K. Dabiré Abdoulaye Diabaté Malaria and Neglected Tropical Disease Department Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Sciences and Techniques Department Institut du Developpement Rural Universit Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Vector Control Department Permanent Secretariat for Malaria Elimination Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The efficacy of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is increasingly compromised by the prevalence of malaria vectors resistant to pyrethroids. In response to this issue, a new generation of ITNs has been developed that incorporate synergistic components, such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO). The purpose of this study is to provide entomological evidence for the efficacy of a PBO-based ITN brand at the village level, serving as a basis for decision-making before large-scale net deployment. During the high malaria transmission period, ITNs were distributed in each group and vector sampling was conducted biweekly in selected households. Bionomic data were collected to assess the resistance of wild An. gambiae populations to various chemical insecticides. There was a significant disparity in total An. gambiae sl. collected between the ITN arms, the intervention arm (ITN arms), and the control arm (P = 0.003). An. coluzzi was identified as the predominant species in the study area, as confirmed by PCR analysis. Analysis of the blood-feeding inhibition rate revealed that 100% permethrin + PBO ITN exhibited significantly greater inhibition than 66.81% permethrin only ITN. According to the log-time probit regression analysis, permethrin exhibited a knockdown time of 256 min without synergists, while it decreased to 139 min (P = 0.001) when pre-exposed to PBO. The evidence from this trial supports the use of PBO ITNs over standard ITNs for pyrethroids to combat pyrethroid resistance and improve protection against malaria for both individuals and communities, particularly in areas with high pyrethroid resistance.

关键词： Pyrethroid Resistance Permethrin + PBO ITNs Permethrin ITN Bionomic Data Insecticide Susceptibility Data Burkina Faso

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Results of an Eight Year Long Practice of Saline Bipolar Transurethral Resection of Prostate

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第4期14卷 189-196页

作者： Sossa Jean Mangoue Moube Ariane Landry Yevi Dodji Inès Magloire Hodonou Fred Avakoudjo Déjinnin Josué georges Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert Koutoucou Maga Cotonou Benin

Background: Open prostatectomy has long been the only prostatic bladder outlet obstruction’s surgery available in Benin. It is prone to postoperative bleeding and infections and is not suitable for prostate cancer-induced bladder outlet obstruction. Objective: To evaluate the first results of endoscopic surgery of prostatic bladder outlet obstruction in our environment. Patients and Method: We conducted an observational study of saline bipolar transurethral resection of prostate (B-TURP) at the former Military Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. We retrospectively collected the data from patients’ medical records from November 17, 2014, to September 7, 2022. We used Excel 2019 to make a descriptive analysis of the data. Results: Saline B-TURP was performed in 60 consecutive patients. Their mean age was 69.1 years (range: 48-85). The procedure was indicated in 22 (36.7%), 32 (53.3%), 3 (5%), and 3 (5%) patients, respectively for acute urinary retention, chronic urinary retention, obstructive renal failure, and unresponsiveness to alpha-blockers. 35 patients (58.3%) had prostate cancer (PCa). 25 patients (41.7) had benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). No patient got a blood transfusion. The duration of postoperative hospitalization was 3 days (88.3%) to 5 days (11.7%). 5 patients (8.3%), i.e., 3 BPH and 2 prostate cancer patients got preoperative urinary tract infection. The causative bacteria were Escherichia coli in 3 patients (60%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2 patients (40%), and multi-resistant Acinetobacter as a metachronous infection to Escherichia coli in 1 patient (20%). All the infections were associated with indwelling Foley catheter. 7 patients (11.7%), i.e., 3 BPH and 4 prostate cancer patients, got a second resection to recover full spontaneous micturition. Prostate size was available in the medical record of 21 BPH patients and 15 prostate cancer patients. Prostate size ranged from 22 to 123 g with a mean value of 61.1 g in BPH patients, and from 34 to 180 g with

关键词： Saline B-TURP BPH Prostate Cancer

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Klingsor Syndrome: An Observation in a Patient with Schizophrenia

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第5期14卷 346-351页

作者： Mbuya Musapudi Eric Ouake Hadidjatou Michel Agounkpe Yevi Dodji Magloire Inès Hodonou Fred Martin Avakoudjo Josué georges Dejinnin Department of Urology and Andrology Hubert Koutoukou Maga National Teaching Hospital Cotonou Benin Department of Surgery University Clinics of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo

Background: Klingsor syndrome refers to genital self-mutilation in man following delusional religious beliefs. Later, Schweitzer proposed expanding the term to include all psychotic disorders, drug and alcohol abuse. Apart from the noted hemorrhagic emergency and difficult surgical operation, there is a psychosocial impact, sexual and urinary complications (stenosis, urethral fistula) which make this pathology complex. Aim: The Aim of this study is to describe the clinical case of Klingsor syndrome and evaluate its management in light of the literature. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of genital self-mutilation in a 35-year-old man, non-compliant schizophrenic, received 04 days after the trauma and whose treatment consisted of remodeling of the penis stump and follow-up by psychiatrists. Conclusion: Klingsor syndrome is a rare but serious phenomenon. Its management remains complex, but it must be early and multidisciplinary.

关键词： Klingsor Syndrome Génital Self-Mutilation Schizophrenia

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Technology Packages for Quality and Yield Improvement in Cold Rolling Mills

Technology Packages for Quality and Yield Improvement in Col...

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第十届国际轧钢大会

作者： georges stéphane GRAESSL Gerhard Siemens VAI ErlangenGermany

＜正＞Today’s challenging markets require producers to permanently improve their operations with respect to qualify,yield and productions *** key issue today is to identify the right improvement measures as investment budgets are *** dedicated partner to the metals industry,Siemens VAI has considerable experience in the supply and implementation of cost effective solutions that allow producers to get their plants in most effective *** help steelmakers to continuously improve their technological standards with respect to not only economic but also energy and environmental considerations,Siemens VAI offers a complete range of qualify packages either for our own installed base or for third party *** others:·The so called SIROLL Off-Gauge Optimizer that eliminates the off gauge *** results in higher yield and productivity by avoiding the scrap reprocessing operations which lead to energy and environmental savings.·The proven SIROLL SIFLAT contactless measurement unit that eliminates any negative effects on the strip usually caused by measurement *** a device leads to reduced operation costs（no wear,longer service life, no additional spare roll）.·The smart SIROLL Overall Equipment Efficiency,high potential solution designed to monitor and improve the effectiveness of the rolling process and the cold rolling mills by identifying every kind of loss.·The SIROLL SIAS automatic surface inspection system designed for a constant surface quality monitoring.

关键词： drive train off-gauge flying gauge change flatness roll eccentricity compensation speed optimization overall equipment efficiency automatic surface inspection

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Predictors of Fatal Outcome in Hospitalised Adult Patients with Acute Kidney Injury at Two Tertiary Hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 86-103页

作者： Denis georges Teuwafeu Fombo Enjeh Jabbossung Maimouna Mahamat Eric Aristide Nono Tomta Mbapah Leslie Tasha Francois Kaze Folefack Gloria Ashuntantang Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Triad Research Fundation Buea Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Department of nephrology Yaounde General Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Departement of Nephrology Yauonde Teaching Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Data on mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) derives from high-income countries where AKI is hospital-acquired and occurs in elderly patients with a high burden of cardiovascular disease. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), AKI is community-acquired occurring in healthy young adults. We aimed to identify predictors of fatal outcomes in patients with AKI in two tertiary hospitals in Cameroon. Methods: Medical records of adults with confirmed AKI, from January 2018 to March 2020 were retrieved. The outcomes of interest were in-hospital deaths and presumed causes of death. We used multiple logistic regressions modeling to identify predictors of death. The study was approved by the ethics boards of both hospitals. Values were considered significant for a p-value of 0.05. Results: We included 285 patient records (37.2% females). The mean (SD) age was 50.1 (19.0) years. Hypertension (n = 97, 34.0%), organ failure (n = 88, 30.9%), and diabetes (n = 60, 21.1%) were the main comorbidities. The majority of patients had community-acquired AKI (78.6%, n = 224), were KDIGO stage 3 (88.8%, n = 253), and needed dialysis (52.6%, n = 150). Up to 16.7% (n = 25) did not receive what was needed. The in-hospital mortality rate was 29.1% (n = 83). Lack of access to dialysis (OR = 27.8;CI: 5.2 - 149.3, p = 0.001), hypotension (OR = 11.8;CI: 1.3 - 24.8;p = 0.001) and ICU admission (OR = 5.7;CI: 1.3 - 24.8, p = 0.001) were predictors of mortality. The presence of co-morbidities or underlying diseases (n = 46, 55%) were the main causes of death. Conclusions: In-hospital AKI mortality is high, as in other low- and middle-income economies. Lack of access to dialysis and the severity of the underlying illness are major predictors of death.

关键词： Predictors Fatal Outcome Acute Kidney Injury Tertiary Hospital

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Associated Factors with Early Sexual Intercourse among In-School Adolescents in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 898-907页

作者： Aymar Pierre Gildas Oko Dumez Ngoma Judicaël Kambourou Eryx Darius Mbou Essie Neli Yvette Ngakengni Lynda Tchidjo Ngamo georges Marius Moyen Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Department of Pediatrics Teaching Hospital Center of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Early sexual intercourse (ESI) is a global public health problem. In Congo, associated factors with ESI have been under-studied. Objective: To analyse factors associated with early sexual intercourse among in-school adolescents in Brazzaville. Method: A cross-sectional analytic study with three-stage random sampling was carried out from March 2 to June 2, 2022 in Brazzaville secondary and high schools. Adolescents in the selected schools were interviewed about their sexual and social behaviour, and their family and school environment. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with ESI. The significance level of the p-value was set at 5% and the confidence interval at 95%. Results: Of a total of 1100 adolescents surveyed, 800 (72.7%) had ESI, 98% of them were female. The main reason for early initiation of sexual intercourse was curiosity (81.8%). Non-use of condoms and multiple sexual partnerships were noted respectively in 98.7% and 68.7% of adolescents who had experienced ESI. Female gender (p Conclusion: The prevalence of ESI is high, and the factors identified in this study may help to reduce it.

关键词： Associated Factors Early Sex Adolescents Brazzaville

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Molecular Characterization of Gastrointestinal stromal Tumors (Gist) and Contribution of Immunohistochemistry in Congolese from Kinshasa

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期14卷 109-116页

作者： Rive Lukuaku Jérémie Okumadi Fabrice Bokambandja Andy Mbangama Vincent Mbatu georges Mvumbi Jean-Louis Mumbere David Azako Serge Pezo Dieudonné Mvumbi Faculty of Medicine Bel Campus Technological University Kinshasa DR Congo Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Department of Gyneco-Obstetrics University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Institute of Medical Immunology Free University of Brussels Ixelles Belgium

Introduction: The differentiation of digestive tumors very often requires the use of techniques currently not widely in use in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), such as immunohistochemistry. This is perfectly verified for GIsts whose precise, or at least highly certain, diagnosis can only be made using immunohistochemical markers. This underuse of these techniques due to lack of equipment and human skills explains the limited epidemiological data available to date, thus leading to untargeted and too often late treatment of patients. Research question: What contribution can immunohistochemical markers make to the diagnosis of digestive tract tumours? Objective: Discuss the contribution of immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of GIst and provide basic data on the epidemiology of these nosological entities in Kinshasa. Methodology: This was a retrospective study carried out at the LEBOMA private anatomy and pathological cytology centre. The main inclusion criterion was any digestive tract block or slide whose diagnosis of GIst had been requalified after review by at least 2 pathologists. An immuhistochemical study was performed using an automated technique (with a Ventana XT machine) using a panel of antibodies: CD-117 and DOG-1 which are listed in the literature as strongly correlated with the occurrence of GIst, all slides were made at Hj Hospital using an OLYMPUS BX41 co-observation microscope. Results: Of 601 cases of digestive tumors recorded during the concerned period, 32 (5.32%) concerned GIst. This prevalence was confirmed by our immunohistochemical results where the expression of CD117 and that of DOG-1 were positive in 90.6% and 100% of cases which prevalence is high compared with the worldwide prevalence according to the literature, respectively. The distribution of the patients concerned was made with a sex ratio of 1.6 women/men with a median age of 53 years. Most cases (81%) had a gastric location and were fusiform GIsts. Conclusion: Gastro

关键词： Digestive Tumors GIst Immunohistochemistry CD117 DOG-1

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