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Relationships between Agronomic Practices, Soil Chemical Characteristics and Striga Reproduction in Dryland Areas of Tanzania

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第10期2卷 1134-1141页

作者： Kudra Abdul george n. Chemining'wa Richard n. Onwonga Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department of Crop Science and Production Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Plant Science and Crop Protection University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

The parasitic weed Striga poses a serious threat to cereal production in sub-Saharan Africa. For many years, technological packages for the control of this weed were proposed and implemented on farmers＇ fields. A survey was carried out in farmers＇ fields in 2010/201l cropping season in selected dryland areas of Tanzania to：（a） determine the Striga plant counts, number of capsules/Striga plant and agronomic practices used by farmers to control Striga; and （b） evaluate the relationship between Striga reproduction, soil chemical characteristics and agronomic practices. Soil samples at 0-20 cm depth were collected from 20 different farmers＇ fields. The soil samples were analyzed for pH, organic carbon, n, P and K. Results showed that there was low adoption of recommended Striga control methods. Regression analysis of agronomic practices and soil chemical characteristics revealed a positive improvement of soil n and organic carbon and reduction of soil P and K content as one shifted from sole planting to intercropping. The results showed that potassium was highly positively related to number of capsules/Striga plant. There was a reduction in the number of capsules/plant as one moved from sole planting to intercropping. Based on these findings, K in the Striga infested in soils positively influenced Striga reproduction and seed bank replenishment, hence high soil K levels may lead to high Striga incidence.

关键词： Parasitic weed Striga reproduction dryland agronomic practices soil P and K.

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Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia: An Audit in Port Harcourt, nigeria

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第4期5卷 320-325页

作者： Innocent O. george Chika n. Aiyedun Department of Paediatrics University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of death from sickle cell disease worldwide accounting for about 25% of all deaths. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical features and outcome in Port Harcourt, nigeria. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study during a five year period. Records of all patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) admitted into the Wards were examined. Those enrolled for the study satisfied two criteria: 1) lower respiratory tract symptoms and 2) new pulmonary infiltrates on the chest radiograph. Sociodemographics, genotype, clinical and laboratory features, treatment given and outcome were obtained. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics. Variables were compared by students’ t-test. P value ≤ 0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: A total of 345 children with sickle cell anaemia were admitted during the 5 year period. Twelve of them had acute chest syndrome (3.5%). Majority 7 (58.3%) of them were under 5 years. There were more males 8 (66.7%) than female 4 (33.3%). The most common clinical features were fever 12 (100%), cough 10 (83.3%), chest pain 5 (41.7%), pulmonary consolidation 12 (100%), and respiratory distress 12 (100%). The admitting diagnosis were bronchopneumonia 6 (50%), severe malaria 3 (25%) and vaso-occlusive crises 3 (25%). There were very high levels of leukocyte. Received ceftriaxone or ampicillin + gentamicin ± oral erythromycin), paracetamol 12 (100%), ibuprofen 8 (66.7%), tramadol 3 (25.0%), pentazocine 8 (66.7%) and blood transfusion 9 (75%). The average length of stay was 7 days (range 4 - 14 days). One patient died (8.3%). Conclusion: ACS is not uncommon in children with SCA in Port Harcourt. Education of parents on the need to recognize early symptoms of the disease is essential. Clinicians must be trained to correctly diagnose and manage it promptly and efficiently to avoid its related disastrous consequences.

关键词： Acute Chest Syndrome Clinical Features Treatment Outcome Port Harcourt

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Haunted with and hunting for viruses

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 675-677页

作者： george Fu GAO WU Ying Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Research network of Immunity and Health Beijing Institutes of Life ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences

Early this year, a subtype influenza A virus （H7n9）, was found to cause severe human infections with a 29% case fatality rate （CFR）, making it a top-profile piece of news in the world （***）. The infection was shortly con- firmed to be related to live animal markets and poultry dealing , which led to a close-down of the markets and the outbreak has since been well controlled （***）.

关键词： A型流感病毒狩猎交易市场人类感染新闻网站 CFR 病死率家禽

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Options for Managing Livestock Production Systems to Adapt to Climate Change

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第7期4卷 415-427页

作者： Evangelia n. Sossidou Eleni Tsiplakou george Zervas Veterinary Research Institute Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER Thessaloniki 57001 Greece nutritional Physiology and Feeding Agricultural University of Athens Athens 11885 Greece

This paper discusses recent research findings together with management schemes in preventing and managing of thermal stress by handling external and internal factors in livestock production systems. Preventive measures against thermal stress are described as basic structural adjustments and the modifications that can be implemented readily, according to animal health and welfare requirements and refer to （1） environmental modification and thermal comfort in various housing systems; （2） action on animals, such as genetic selection for breeds resistant to infectious disease, parasites and climate extremes; （3） action on feed and （4） action on staff handling the animals. Moreover, measures to be taken both in situations of chronic thermal stress and heat or cold strokes are presented as they are applied to （1） limit stress, （2） monitor the temperature felt by animals, （3） adapt diet and drinking water supplies and （4） correct physiological imbalances. Examples are given for different farm species （cattle, sheep, goat, poultry and pigs） and different production systems （intensive, extensive and alternative）. The paper concludes with a practical guide for the effective handling of thermal stress at farm level, summarizing the results from recent research studies on the specific topic.

关键词： Livestock production management thermal comfort.

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Transition of Thalassaemia and Friedreich ataxia from fatal to chronic diseases

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World Journal of Methodology 2014年第4期4卷 197-218页

作者： Annita Kolnagou Christina n Kontoghiorghe george J Kontoghiorghes Postgraduate Research Institute of Science Technology Environment and Medicine Limassol 3021 Cyprus

Thalassaemia major(TM) and Friedreich's ataxia(FA) are autosomal recessive inherited diseases related to the proteins haemoglobin and frataxin respectively. In both diseases abnormalities in iron metabolism is the main cause of iron toxicity leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Major efforts are directed towards the prevention of these diseases and also in their treatment using iron chelation therapy. Both TM and FA are endemic in Cyprus, where the frequency per total population of asymptomatic heterozygote carriers and patients is the highest worldwide. Cyprus has been a pioneering nation in preventing and nearly eliminating the birth of TM and FA patients by introducing an organized health structure, including prenatal and antenatal diagnosis. Effective iron chelation therapy, improved diagnostic methods and transfusion techniques as well as supportive therapy from other clinical specializations have improved the survival and quality of life of TM *** the tiresome clinical management regimes many TM patients are successful in their professional lives, have families with children and some are now living well into their fifties. The introduction of deferiprone led to the elimination of cardiac failure induced by iron overload toxicity, which was the major cause of mortality in TM. Effective combinations of deferiprone with deferoxamine in TM patients caused the fall of body iron to normal physiological ranges. In FA different mechanisms of iron metabolism and toxicity apply to that of TM, which can be targeted with specific iron chelation protocols. Preliminary findings from the introduction of deferiprone in FA patients have increased the hopes for improved and effective therapy in this untreatable condition. new and personalised treatments are proposed in TM and FA. Overall, advances in treatments and in particular of chelation therapy using deferiprone are transforming TM and FA from fatal to chronic conditions. The paradigm of Cyprus in the

关键词： Thalassaemia Friedreich ataxia Prenatal diagnosis Survival Chelation therapy Deferiprone Deferoxamine Cyprus

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Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis:changing trends in the incidence,age and gender(findings from the CMC Vellore CVT registry)

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2024年第3期9卷 252-257页

作者： Angel Miraclin T John Davis Prasad george Abraham ninan Mahasampath Gowri Deepti Bal Atif Iqbal Ahmed Shaikh Rohit n Benjamin Appaswamy Thirumal Prabhakar Ajith Sivadasan Vivek Mathew Sanjith Aaron Department of neurological Sciences Christian Medical CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Department of Biostatistics Christian Medical CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia

Background Multiple cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVT)registries from various geographical regions indicate that female gender,the use of contraceptive pills,pregnancy and puerperium are important risk *** this study,we report the changes in the epidemiology of patients with CVT managed over the past 26 *** The CMC Vellore CVT registry is a prospectively maintained database at the Christian Medical College,Vellore since January *** software was used to analyse the data and assess the changes in the incidence,age and gender distribution over the previous 26 *** Among 1701 patients treated during the study period,908(53%)were women and 793(47%)were *** mean incidence of CVT was 49 per 100000 admissions before 2010,which increased to 96 per 100000 after *** gender had a higher odds of developing CVT OR–2.07(CI 1.68 to 2.55,pning incidence of postpartum CVT after 2010 compared with the decade before 2010(50%vs 20%).The mean age at presentation had increased from 24.5 to 33.2 years in the last *** There was a clear change in the gender pattern from being a condition with female preponderance,to one where equal or more men are being *** incidence of postpartum CVT cases could be the driving *** increase in the overall incidence of CVT cases was noted,probably due to a higher index of clinical suspicion and better diagnostic imaging modalities.

关键词： CVT driving maintained

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Machine perfusion and the prevention of ischemic type biliary lesions following liver transplant:What is the evidence?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第20期29卷 3066-3083页

作者： Manuel Durán Rafael Calleja Angus Hann george Clarke Ruben Ciria Anisa nutu Rebeca Sanabria-Mateos María Dolores Ayllón Pedro López-Cillero Hynek Mergental Javier Briceño M Thamara P R Perera Department of Liver Transplantation Reina Sofía University HospitalCórdoba 14004Spain The Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

The widespread uptake of different machine perfusion(MP)strategies for liver transplant has been driven by an effort to minimize graft *** to the cholangiocytes during the liver donation,preservation,or early posttransplant period may result in stricturing of the biliary tree and inadequate biliary *** problem continues to trouble clinicians,and may have catastrophic consequences for the graft and *** injury,as a result of compromised hepatic artery flow,is a well-known cause of biliary strictures,sepsis,and graft ***,very similar lesions can appear with a patent hepatic artery and these are known as ischemic type biliary lesions(ITBL)that are attributed to microcirculatory dysfunction rather than main hepatic arterial *** the warm and cold ischemic period duration appear to influence the onset of *** of the commonly used MP techniques deliver oxygen to the graft cells,and therefore may minimize the cholangiocyte injury and subsequently reduce the incidence of *** clinical experience and published evidence grows for these modalities,the impact they have on ITBL rates is important to *** this review,the evidence for the three commonly used MP strategies(abdominal normothermic regional perfusion[A-nRP],hypothermic oxygenated perfusion[HOPE],and normothermic machine perfusion[nMP])for ITBL prevention has been critically *** with ITBL definitions used in trials,coupled with variations in techniques of MP,make interpretation ***,the evidence suggests that both HOPE and A-nRP prevent ITBL in donated after circulatory death grafts compared to cold *** evidence for ITBL prevention in donor after brain death grafts with any MP technique is weak.

关键词： Liver transplant Ischemic type biliary lesions Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion normothermic machine perfusion Abdominal normothermic regional perfusion Donation after circulatory death

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Should antibiotics be administered before arthroscopic knee surgery? A systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第11期9卷 262-270页

作者： John Carney nathanael Heckmann Erik n Mayer Ram K Alluri Carleton Thomas Vangsness george F Hatch Ⅲ Alexander E Weber Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Southern California

AIM To explore the current evidence surrounding the administration of prophylactic antibiotics for arthroscopic knee surgery. METHODS Databases were searched from inception through May of 2018 for studies examining prophylactic antibiotic use and efficacy in knee arthroscopy. Studies with patient data were further assessed for types of arthroscopic procedures performed,number of patients in the study,use of antibiotics,and outcomes with the intention of performing a pooled analysis. Data pertaining to "deep tissue infection" or "septic arthritis" were included in our analysis. Reported data on superficial infection were not included in our data analysis. For the pooled analysis,a relative risk ratio was calculated and χ~2 tests were used to assess for statistical significance between rates of infection amongst the various patient groups. Post hoc power analyses were performed to compute the statistical power obtained from our sample sizes. number needed to treat analyses were performed for statistically significant differences by dividing 1 by the difference between the infection rates of the antibiotic and no antibiotic groups. An alpha value of 0.05 was used for our analysis. Study heterogeneity was assessed by Cochrane's Q test as well as calculation of the I^2 *** A total of 49682 patients who underwent knee ar-throscopy for a diverse set of procedures across 19 studies met inclusion critera for pooled analysis. For those not undergoing graft procedures,there were 27 cases of post-operative septic arthritis in 34487 patients(0.08%) who received prophylactic antibiotics and 16 cases in 10911(0.15%) who received none [risk ratio(RR) = 0.53,95% confidence interval(CI): 0.29-0.99,P = 0.05]. A sub-group analysis in which bony procedures were excluded was performed which found no significant difference in infection rates between patients that received prophylactic antibiotics and patients that did not(P > 0.05). All anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

关键词： Knee arthroscopy Antibiotics Systematic review Vancomycin Anterior cruciate ligament

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Mesalamine hypersensitivity and Kounis syndrome in a pediatric ulcerative colitis patient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第46期14卷 7141-7142页

作者： Geoge n Kounis Sophia A Kouni george Hahalis nicholas G Kounis Department of Medical Sciences Patras Highest Institute of Education and Technology

5-aminosalicylic acid （mesalamine） rarely induces hyper- sensitivity reactions. If chest pain associated with atypical electrocardiographic changes are seen during its administration, one should always bear in mind type I variant of Kounis syndrome. This variant includes patients, of any age, with normal coronary arteries, without predisposing factors for coronary artery disease, in whom the acute release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells can induce either sudden coronary artery narrowing, without increase of cardiac enzymes and troponins, or coronary artery spasm that progresses to acute myocardial infarction, with elevated cardiac enzymes and troponins.

关键词： Drug hypersensitivity Kounis syndrome Mesalamine Salicylates

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Pathogen genomic surveillance elucidates the origins, transmission and evolution of emerging viral agents in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第12期60卷 1317-1330页

作者： Weifeng Shi Juan Li Hong Zhou george F.Gao Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Taishan Medical College) Taishan Medical College national Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences

In the past twenty years, numerous novel zoonotic viral agents with pandemic potential have emerged in China, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) coronavirus and, more recently, the avian-origin influenza A/H7n9 virus, which have caused outbreaks among humans with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, several emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens have also been imported into China from travelers, e.g. the Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS) coronavirus and Zika virus(ZIKV). Herein, we review these emerging viral pathogens in China and focus on how surveillance by pathogen genomics has been employed to discover and annotate novel pathogenic agents, identify natural reservoirs, monitor the transmission events and delineate their evolution and adaption to the human host. We also highlight the application of genomic sequencing in the recent Ebola epidemics in Western Africa. In summary, genomic sequencing has become a standard research tool in the field of emerging infectious diseases which has been proven invaluable in containing these viral infections and reducing burden of disease in humans and animals. Genomic surveillance of pathogenic agents will serve as a key epidemiological and research tool in the modern era of precision infectious diseases and in the future studies of virosphere.

关键词： emerging infectious diseases SARS-CoV MERS-CoV genomic surveillance H7n9 Zika Ebola

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