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neurotrophic and metabotrophic potential of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Linking cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2013年第4期2卷 92-99页

作者： Stanislav Yanev Luigi Aloe Marco Fiore george n.chaldakov Institute of neurobiology Department of Drug Toxicology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Institute of Cellular Biology and neurobiology National Research Council Laboratory of Cell Biology Department of Anatomy and Histology Medical University

One of biggest recent achievements of neurobiology is the study on neurotrophic factors. The neurotrophins are exciting examples of these factors. They belong to a family of proteins consisting of nerve growth fac-tor （nGF）, brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDnF）, neurotrophin-3 （nT-3）, nT-4/5, nT-6, and nT-7. Today, nGF and BDnF are well recognized to mediate a diz-zying number of trophobiological effects, ranging from neurotrophic through immunotrophic and epitheliotro-phic to metabotrophic effects. These are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the same vein, recent studies in adipobiology reveal that this tissue is the body’s largest endocrine and paracrine organ producing multiple signaling proteins collectively termed adipokines, with nGF and BDnF being also produced from adipose tissue. Altogether, neurobio-logy and adipobiology contribute to the improvement of our knowledge on diseases beyond obesity such as cardiometabolic （atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome） and neuropsychiatric （e.g. , Alzheimer’s disease and depression） diseases. The present review updates evidence for （1） neurotrophic and metabotrophic potentials of nGF and BDnF linking the pathogenesis of these diseases, and （2） nGF- and BDnF-mediated effects in ampakines, nMDA receptor antagonists, antidepressants, selective deacetylase inhibitors, statins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists, and purinergic P2X3 recep-tor up-regulation. This may help to construct a novel paradigm in the feld of translational pharmacology of neuro-metabotrophins, particularly nGF and BDnF.

关键词： neurotrophins Metabotrophins Adipose tissue Adipokines Disease Therapy

Symmetry transformations for magnetohydrodynamics and Chew–Goldberger–Low equilibria revisited

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第9期21卷 25-38页

作者： Achilleas EVAnGELIAS george n THROUMOULOPOULOS Department of Physics University of Ioannina section of Astrogeophysics

We generalize the symmetry transformations for magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) equilibria with isotropic pressure and incompressible flow parallel to the magnetic field introduced by Bogoyavlenskij in the case of the respective Chew–Goldberger–Low(CGL) equilibria with anisotropic pressure. We find that the geometrical symmetry of the field-aligned equilibria can be broken by those transformations only when the magnetic field is purely poloidal. In this situation we derive three-dimensional CGL equilibria from given axisymmetric ones. Also, we examine the generic symmetry transformations for MHD and CGL equilibria with incompressible flow of an arbitrary direction, introduced in a number of papers, and find that they cannot break the geometrical symmetries of the original equilibria, unless the velocity and magnetic field are collinear and purely poloidal.

关键词： symmetry transformations MHD equilibria breaking of geometrical symmetry plasma flow

Instantaneous frequency and wave mode identification in a magnetosheath using few spatial points

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第8期22卷 496-501页

作者： nathaniel E U Beloff n george n J Department of Physics Akwa Ibom State UniversityNigeria University of Sussex Brighton UK

Observational data such as those obtained from the magnetosheath in the downstream of Earth＇s bow shock have waveforms that differ from those of sinusoidal signals. In practice, they are not even aggregates of sinusoidal signals. Therefore, the frequency decomposition for the data requires technique that will account for the time-varying features of the data that will lead to deduction of physical meaning of the observations. The combination of empirical mode decompo- sition （EMD） and Hilbert transform has been used for extracting the various contributing oscillatory modes （EMDs） and the instantaneous frequency determination （Hilbert transform） of every physically meaningful mode called intrinsic mode func- tion （IMF）. The resulting instantaneous frequencies are used to determine instantaneous wave vectors. The combination of the instantaneous frequencies and wave vectors is useful in the identification of wave modes based on the characteristics of the waves. The results show that EMD-Hilbert can be more reliable than simple Hilbert transform alone.

关键词： EMD-Hilbert transform instantaneous frequency and wave vector

Psychiatric comorbidities in children and adolescents with chronic urticaria

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第4期19卷 315-322页

作者： george n.Konstantinou Gerasimos n.Konstantinou Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 424 General Military Training HospitalThessaloníkiGreece Department of Psychiatry University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Center for Addiction and Mental Health(CAMH) TorontoONCanada

Background Chronic urticaria(CU)has been shown to impact patients'quality of life negatively and may coexist with psychiatric *** systematically reviewed the published evidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with *** A systematic review of studies published until February 2022 in PubMed,Google Scholar,and Scopus was *** a priori set of inclusion criteria was predefined for the studies to be included:(1)clear distinction between urticaria and other allergies;(2)precise distinction between acute and CU;(3)participants younger than 18 years old,exclusively;(4)use of appropriate standardized questionnaires,psychometric tools,and standard diagnostic nomenclature for the mental health and behavioral disorders diagnosis;and(5)manuscripts written or published in the English *** Our search identified 582 potentially relevant *** eight of them satisfied the inclusion ***-tive meta-analysis was not deemed appropriate,given the lack of relevant randomized control trials,the small number of relevant shortlisted,the small sample size of the patients included in each study,and the remarkable heterogeneity of the studies'*** The included studies suggest an increased incidence of psychopathology among children and adolescents with CU as opposed to healthy age-matched individuals,but the data are *** research is required to clarify whether psychopathology is just a comorbid entity,the cause,or the consequence of *** an interdisciplinary collaboration between allergists/dermatologists and psychiatrists is expected to substantially minimize CU burden and improve patients'quality of life.

关键词： Adolescents Children Chronic urticaria Psychiatry Psychopathology Quality of life

Solutions:how adaptive changes in cellular fluids enable marine life to cope with abiotic stressors

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2022年第3期4卷 389-413页

作者： george n.Somero Department of Biology Hopkins Marine StationStanford UniversityPacific GroveCA 93950USA

The seas confront organisms with a suite of abiotic stressors that pose challenges for physiological *** in temperature,hydrostatic pressure,and salinity have potential to disrupt structures,and functions of all molecular systems on which life *** evolution,sequences of nucleic acids and proteins are adaptively modified to“fit”these macromolecules for function under the particular abiotic conditions of the *** these macromolecular adaptations are alterations in compositions of solutions that bathe macromolecules and affect stabilities of their higher order structures.A primary result of these“micromolecular”adaptations is preservation of optimal balances between conformational rigidity and flexibility of *** adaptations involve several families of organic osmolytes,with varying effects on macromolecular stability.A given type of osmolyte generally has similar effects on DnA,RnA,proteins and membranes;thus,adaptive regulation of cellular osmolyte pools has a global effect on *** effects are mediated largely through influences of osmolytes and macromolecules on water structure and *** micromolecular responses are often critical in enabling organisms to cope with environmental changes during their lifetimes,for example,during vertical migration in the water column.A species’breadth of environmental tolerance may depend on how effectively it can vary the osmolyte composition of its cellular fluids in the face of *** adaptations remain an under-appreciated aspect of evolution and *** study can lead to a better understanding of determinants of environmental tolerance ranges and to biotechnological advances in designing improved stabilizers for biological materials.

关键词： Adaptation Crowding Extremophiles Hydrostatic pressure Osmolytes Temperature

Autoimmune hepatitis,one disease with many faces:Etiopathogenetic,clinico-laboratory and histological characteristics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 60-83页

作者： nikolaos K Gatselis Kalliopi Zachou george K Koukoulis george n Dalekos Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine School of MedicineUniversity of Thessaly41110 LarissaGreece Department of Pathology School of MedicineUniversity of Thessaly41110 LarissaGreece

Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) is an unresolving progressive liver disease of unknown etiology characterized byhypergammaglobulinemia,autoantibodies detection and interface *** to the absence of specific diagnostic markers and the large heterogeneity of its clinical,laboratory and histological features,AIH diagnosis may be potentially ***,in this in-depth review we summarize the substantial progress on etiopathogenesis,clinical,serological and histological phenotypes of *** has a global distribution affecting any age,both sexes and all ethnic *** manifestations vary from asymptomatic to severe or rarely fulminant *** with selective elevation of IgG is found in most *** attack is perpetuated,possibly via molecular mimicry,and favored by the impaired control of T-regulatory ***(interface hepatitis,emperipolesis and hepatic rosette formation) and autoantibodies detection although not pathognomonic,are still the hallmark for a timely *** remains a major diagnostic *** should be considered in every case in the absence of viral,metabolic,genetic and toxic etiology of chronic or acute *** personnel,hepato-pathologists and clinicians need to become more familiar with disease expressions and the interpretation of liver histology and autoimmune serology to derive maximum benefit for the patient.

关键词： Autoimmune hepatitis Liver autoimmunity Liver-rela

Pancreatic insulinoma:current issues and trends

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第3期9卷 234-241页

作者： Dennis Vaidakis John Karoubalis Theodora Pappa george Piaditis george n Zografos Third Department of Surgery Athens General Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Athens General Hospital Department of Endocrinology Athens General Hospital

BACKGROUnD:Although insulinomas are very rare tumors, they are the most common pancreatic neuroendocrine *** incidence in general population is 1-4 per 1 000 000 yearly but the incidence is higher in autopsy studies. The malignancy of insulinomas is difficult to be predicted on the basis of their histological features,and the current WHO classification has been *** review aimed to summarize classical knowledge with current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of insulinomas. DATA SOURCES:A Medline search using terms'insulinoma', 'treatment'and'neuroendocrine tumors'was conducted. Additional references were sourced from key articles. RESULTS:Surgery is the treatment of choice for insulinoma and has an extremely high success *** treatment is also available but only for patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgical *** localization is necessary for planning the surgical *** methods exist for localization of an insulinoma and can be invasive and *** combination of biphasic thin section helical CT and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)has an almost 100% sensitivity in localizing *** ultrasound is mandatory to localize intraoperatively these ***-guided fine needle tattoing is an alternative method of localization in case of lack of laparoscopic ultrasound. COnCLUSIOn:Laparoscopic resection for benign insulinomas is the procedure of choice,whereas pancreatectomy is reserved for large,potentially malignant tumors.

关键词： insulinoma pancreas neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis treatment

Surgical management of necrotizing pancreatitis:An overview

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第43期20卷 16106-16112页

作者： george Kokosis Alexander Perez Theodore n Pappas Department of Surgery Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27705United States

necrotizing pancreatitis is an uncommon yet serious complication of acute pancreatitis with mortality rates reported up to 15%that reach 30%in case of *** open surgical debridement was the only tool in our disposal to manage this serious clinical *** approach is however associated with poor *** has now shifted away from open surgical debridement to a more conservative management and minimally invasive *** approach to patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and/or infectious pancreatitis is summarized in the 3Ds:Delay,Drain and *** can be managed in the intensive care unit and any intervention should be *** drainage can be utilized first and early in the course of the disease,followed by endoscopic drainage or video assisted retroperitoneoscopic drainage if necrosectomy is deemed *** surgery is now less frequently performed and should be reserved for cases refractory to any other *** management of necrotizing pancreatitis therefore requires a multidisciplinary dynamic model of approach rather than being a surgical disease.

关键词： necrotizing pancreatitis Severe acute pancreatitis Debridement necrosectomy Infected necrosis Endoscopic necrosectomy Video-assisted retroperitoneal debridement Percutaneous catheter drainage

β-LACTAMASE InHIBITORS

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中国抗生素杂志 1987年第3期12卷 171-180页

作者： george n.Rolinson Beecham Pharmaceuticals-Research Division Betchworth Surrey Brockham Park Chemotherapeutic Research Centre England RH3 7AJ

It is now well established that among the penicillins and cephalosporins,one of the most important mechanisms of resistance is the production of theenzyme,β-*** enzyme is widely distributed among Gram-positiveand Gram-negative bacteria and in recent years the frequency of β-lactamaseproducing strains in many important pathogens bas increased *** 1 shows the frequency of penicillin-resistant Staphylococcusanreus in the Outpatients Department of one London hospital. It willbe seen that more than 80％ of these isolates are now penicillin-resistantwhich means they are also resistant to ampicillin,amoxycillin and to *** longer can we say that β-lactamase-producing *** confined to the hospital.

关键词： LACTAMASE InHIBITORS acid than