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Design and optimization of electrochemical cell potential for hydrogen gas production

作者： (美)乔治·j. 塞拉斯(george j. Searles)

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第1期30卷 421-427,I0013页

作者： Nawar KAl-Shara Farooq Sher Sania ZIqbal Oliver Curnick george ZChen Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK School of Mechanical Aerospace and Automotive EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringEnvironmental and ComputingCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12JHUK Department of Biochemistry University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Institute for Future Transport and Cities Coventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUK Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaUniversity ParkNingbo 315100China

This study deals with the optimization of best working conditions in molten melt for the production of hydrogen(H2) *** research has been carried out on how electrochemical process occurs through steam splitting via molten hydroxide.54 combinations of cathode,anode,temperature and voltage have been investigated for the optimization of best working conditions with molten hydroxide for hydrogen gas *** these electrochemical investigations were carried out at 225 to 300℃ temperature and 1.5 to 2.5 V applied voltage *** current efficiency of 90.5,80.0 and 68.6% has been achieved using stainless steel anodic cell with nickel,stainless steel and platinum working cathode *** nickel cathode,an increase in the current directly affected the hydrogen gas flow rate at *** can be hypothesized from the noted results that increase in current is directly proportional to operating temperature and applied *** values were noted when the applied voltages increased from 1.5 to 2.5 V at 300℃,the flow rate of hydrogen gas increased from 1.5 to 11.3 cm^(3) min^(-1),1.0 to 13 cm^(3) min^(-1) in case of electrolysis@stainless steel and@graphite anode *** is observed that the current efficiency of stainless steel anodic cell was higher than the graphite anodic ***,steam splitting with the help of molten salts has shown an encouraging alternate to current methodology for H2 fuel production.

关键词： Sustainable energy Splitting steam Electrolysis Hydrogen gas production Electrochemical cell and Variable cathodes

Atypical group 1 neuraminidase pH1N1-N1 bound to a group 1 inhibitor

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Protein & Cell 2015年第10期6卷 771-773页

作者： Ying Wu Christopher j. Vavricka Yan Wu Qina Li Santosh Rudrawar Robin j.Thomson Mark yon Itzstein george F. Gao jianxun Qi CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute for Glycomics Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Nathan QLD 4222 Australia

Influenza virus is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family and is the causative agent of seasonal and pandemic flu.

关键词： Influenza Influenza Virus Oseltamivir Plaque Reduction Assay I149V Mutant

Oxidative imbalance increases the risk for colonic polyp and colorectal cancer development

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第11期14卷 2208-2223页

作者： Dimitrios Tsounis Vassiliki Villiotou Angeliki Melpidou Chara Pantsiou Alexandra Argyrou Charis Giannopoulou Adriani Grigoratou Dimitra Rontogianni Gerassimos j Mantzaris george Papatheodoridis Department of Gastroenterology 251 General Hospital of Hellenic Air ForceAthens 11525Greece Department of Biochemistry Metaxa Anticancer HospitalPiraeus 18537Greece Department of Biochemistry Evangelismos HospitalAthens 10676Greece Department of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography Evangelismos HospitalAthens 10676Greece Department of Pathology Evangelismos HospitalAthens 10676Greece Department of Gastroenterology EvangelismosOphthalmiatreion Athinon and Polyclinic HospitalsAthens 10676Greece Academic Department of Gastroenterology Athens University Medical SchoolLaikon General HospitalAthens 11527Greece

BACKGROUND The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma(CRC)has garnered considerable interest *** oxidative factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adenomatous polyps and ultimately *** To evaluate the effect of oxidative imbalance as quantified by specific serological markers in the development of sporadic colon *** A total of 170 patients that underwent endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract in a tertiary center within 3 years were included in the *** were allocated in three groups;those with sporadic colon adenocarcinoma(n=56,32.9%),those with colonic polyps(n=33,19.4%)and healthy controls(n=81,47.7%).All patients were evaluated for oxidant activity and antioxidant capacity with serum measurements of specific markers such as vitamins A,25(OH)D3,E,C,B12,folic acid,glutathione,selenium(Se),zinc(Zn),free iron(Fe^(2+)),and malondialdehyde and results were compared between *** Serum levels of vitamins C,E,D,Se,Zn,vitamin B12 and total antioxidant capacity were significantly lower in the combined neoplasia/polyp group than in the control group(P=0.002,P=0.009,Pnesis and progression of ***’presence may exert a protective effect in the very early stages

关键词： Oxidative imbalance Reactive oxygen species Colorectal adenocarcinoma Colonic polyps Antioxidant capacity

Bone mineral density and disorders of mineral metabolism in chronic liver disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第28期15卷 3516-3522页

作者： joe george Hosahithlu K Ganesh Shrikrishna Acharya Tushar R Bandgar Vyankatesh Shivane Anjana Karvat Shobna j Bhatia Samir Shah Padmavathy S Menon Nalini Shah Department of Endocrinology Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Seth G.S Medical College and KEM Hospital Department of Gastroenterology Jaslok Hospital

AIM： To estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for metabolic bone disease in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS： The study was performed on 72 Indian patients with cirrhosis （63 male, 9 female; aged 〈 50 years）. Etiology of cirrhosis was alcoholism （n = 37）, hepatitis B （n = 25） and hepatitis C （n = 10）. Twenty-three patients belonged to Child class A, while 39 were in class B and 10 in class C. Secondary causes for metabolic bone disease and osteoporosis were ruled out. Sunlight exposure, physical activity and dietary constituents were calculated. Complete metabolic profiles were derived, and bone mineral density （BMD） was measured using dual energy X ray absorptiometry. Low BMD was defined as a Z score below -2. RESULTS： Low BMD was found in 68% of patients. Lumbar spine was the most frequently and severely affected site. Risk factors for low BMD included low physical activity, decreased sunlight exposure, and low lean body mass. Calcium intake was adequate, with unfavorable calcium： protein ratio and calcium： phosphorus ratio. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent （92%）. There was a high incidence of hypogonadism （41%）. Serum estradiol level was elevated significantly in patients with normal BMD. Insulin-like growth factor （IGF） 1 and IGF binding protein 3 levels were below the age-related normal range in both groups. IGF-1 was significantly lower in patients with low BMD. Serum osteocalcin level was low （68%） and urinary deoxypyridinoline to creatinine ratio was high （79%）, which demonstrated low bone formation with high resorption. CONCLUSION： Patients with cirrhosis have low BMD. Contributory factors are reduced physical activity, low lean body mass, vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism and low IGF-1 level.

关键词： Bone mineral density Liver disease Chronic disease Cirrhosis Bone mineral metabolism Hepatic osteodystrophy

New developments and controversies in iron metabolism and iron chelation therapy

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World journal of Methodology 2016年第1期6卷 1-19页

作者： Christina N Kontoghiorghe george j Kontoghiorghes Post-graduate Research Institute of Science TechnologyEnvironment and Medicine

Iron is essential for all organisms including microbial,cancer and human cells. More than a quarter of the human population is affected by abnormalities of iron metabolism, mainly from iron deficiency and iron overload. Iron also plays an important role in free radical pathology and oxidative damage which is observed in almost all major diseases, cancer and ageing. New developments include the complete treatment of iron overload and reduction of morbidity and mortality in thalassaemia using deferiprone and selected deferiprone/deferoxamine combinations and also the use of the maltol iron complex in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. There is also a prospect of using deferiprone as a universal antioxidant in non iron overloaded diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, renal, infectious diseases and cancer. New regulatory molecules of iron metabolism such as endogenous and dietary chelating molecules, hepcidin, mitochondrial ferritin and their role in health and disease is under evaluation. Similarly, new mechanisms of iron deposition, removal, distribution and toxicity have been identified using new techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging increasing our understanding of iron metabolic processes and the targeted treatment of related diseases. The uniform distribution of iron in iron overload between organs and within each organ is no longer valid. Several other controversies such as the toxicity impact of non transferrin bound iron vs injected iron, the excess levels of iron in tissues causing toxicity and the role of chelation on iron absorption need further investigation. Commercial interests of pharmaceutical companies and connections to leading journals are playing a crucial role in shaping worldwide medical opinion on drug sales and use but also patients' therapeutic outcome and safety. Major controversies include the selection criteria and risk/benefit assessment in the use of deferasirox in thalassaemia and more so in idiopathic haemochr

关键词： Iron metabolism Iron chelation therapy Deferiprone Deferoxamine Deferasirox Iron diseases Medical journals Controversies

Bioartificial liver assist devices in support of patients with liver failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2002年第1期1卷 18-25页

作者： john F.PatzerⅡ Roberto C.Lopez george V.Mazariegos john j.Fung From the Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute

Bioartificial liver assist devices (BALs) offer anopportunity for critical care physicians and transplantsurgeons to stabilize patients prior to orthotopic livertransplantation. Such devices may also act as a bridgeto transplant, providing liver support to patientsawaiting transplant, or as support for patients post liv-ing-related donor transplant. Four BAL devices thatrely on hepatocytes cultured in hollow fiber membranecartridges (Circe Biomedical HepatAssist (r), VitagenELADTM, Gerlach BELS, and Excorp Medical BLSS)are currently in various stages of clinical evalua-tion. Comparison of the four devices shows that severalunique approaches based upon the same overall systemarchitecture are possible. Preliminary results of theExcorp Medical BLSS Phase I safety evaluation at theUniversity of Pittsburgh, after treating four patients(F, 41, acetominophen-induced, two support periods;M, 50, Wilson's disease, one support period; F, 53, a-cute alcoholic hepatitis, two support periods; F, 24,chemotherapy-induced, one support period) are pre-sented. All patients presented with hypoglycemia andtransient hypotension at the start of extracorporealperfusion. Hypoglycemia was treated by IV dextroseand the transient hypotension responded positively toIV fluid bolus. Heparin anticoagulation was used onlyin the second patient. No serious or adverse eventswere noted in the four patients. Moderate biochemicalresponse to support was noted in all patients. Morecomplete characterization of the safety of the BLSSrequires completion of the Phase I safety evaluation.

关键词： bioartificial liver acute liver failure hepatocytes

Relationships between soil moisture and dust emissions in a bare sandy soil of Mongolia

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Particuology 2016年第5期14卷 131-137页

作者： Erdenebayar Munkhtsetseg Masato Shinoda john A. Gillies Reiji Kimura james King george Nikolich National University of Mongolia Peace Avenue 14/3 Sukhbaatar District 8 Ulaanbaatar 14191 Mongolia Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Nagoya Japan Desert Research Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 89512 USA Arid Land Research Center Tottori University Hamasaka 1390 Tottori 680-0001 Japan Departement de geographie Universite de Montreal Pavilion 520 chemin de la Cote-Sainte-Catherine Montreal QC H3 C 3J7 Canada Desert Research Institute 755 E. Flamingo Road Las Vegas NV 89119. USA

This study presents experimental results of the change in threshold friction velocity and dust emission strength as a function of soil moisture content. The dust and soil moisture data were obtained from irrigated plots of a bare, sandy soil （no vegetation） situated in the Mongolian steppe. Dust flux was measured using the PI-SWERL^（R） device, while soil moisture was measured using gravimetric methods. Our results demonstrate the strong controlling effects of soil moisture on both the threshold friction velocity and dust emission strengths. Threshold friction velocity increased from 0.44 m/s for dry soil （0.002 g/g） to 0.67 m/s for wet soil （0.06 g/g）, confirming the importance of soil moisture for controlling dust events. Dust emission strength was significantly depressed for wet soils, starting at a soil moisture value of 0.02 g/g. From these results, we developed a simple dust diagram that may be useful as part of a warning system to identify initial sensitivity to threshold conditions as well as conditions that could lead to potentially significant dust emissions. Overall, the research findings in this study could be used to provide foreknowledge of conditions that would be conducive to high dust emissions for this area of Mongolia.

关键词： Threshold friction velocity Simple dust diagram Dust emission Absence of vegetation Mini wind tunnel

Kaede for Detection of Protein Oligomerization

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1453-1462页

作者： Heike Wolf B. george Barisas KarI-josef Dietz Thorsten Seidel Dynamic Cell Imaging Faculty of Biology Bielefeld University D-33501 Bielefeld Germany Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 usa Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants Faculty of Biology Bielefeld University D-33501 Bielefeld Germany

Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins such as Kaede are routinely used for tracking proteins, organelles, and whole cells. Kaede was the first identified photoconvertible fluorescent protein and has since become the most commonly used photoconvertible fluorescent protein in vertebrates. Kaede can be irreversibly converted from a green to a red fluo- rescent form upon UV/blue light irradiation and fluorescence of each form can be isolated separately by appropriate filter sets. Spectral properties of the Kaede forms allow F6rster resonance energy transfer （FRET） from the green form as donor to the red form as acceptor. As a sample containing oligomerized Kaede-containing proteins is exposed to UV or blue light, FRET first increases as green Kaede is converted to red and then decreases as the green donor becomes depleted. Thus, FRET information is potentially obtained from a number of independent measurements taken as photoconversion proceeds. We demonstrate here the application of this approach to detect homo-aggregation and conformational dynamics of plant pro- tein constructs. Structural alterations of 2-cys peroxiredoxin-Kaede were successfully detected depending on the redox state in living plant cells. Photoconversion was performed gradually and donor emission, acceptor emission, and FRET-derived sensitized acceptor emission were measured at each step of conversion. Since photoconvertible proteins have not been rou- tinely used in plants, two plasmids have been designed to facilitate plant applications. The plasmids allow either transient expression of Kaede-containing protein constructs in plant cells or Gateway cloning and stable transformation of plants.

关键词： protein structure fluorescence imaging protein-protein interaction.