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The idealist and pragmatist view of qi in tai chi and qigong:A narrative commentary and review

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第5期18卷 363-368页

作者： george Chengxi Bao Section of Hospital Medicine Division of General Internal MedicineDepartment of MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew York 10038USA

Qi, often translated as ‘‘vital energy," is a central concept in tai chi and qigong that has puzzled physicians, scientists, and people in the West. To date, qi is not falsifiable by the scientific method and thus cannot be subject to scientific inquiry, leading many to criticize it as ‘‘pseudoscientific." Even as medical research reveals the health benefits of tai chi and qigong, many wonder how to treat this seemingly outdated concept when promoting these meditative practices. While some tai chi and qigong practitioners insist on the existence of qi, more skeptical thinkers suggest that a scientific understanding should replace this ‘‘superstitious" idea. Integrative health professionals must be equipped to discuss this concept intelligently by considering a couple of subtle, clarifying points often missing from the ***, science's inability to verify qi's existence does not affirm its nonexistence. In fact, under the philosophical system of idealism, qi might not be said to be less real than things that are verifiable by ***, under the instrumental and pragmatic view of science, health professionals should be cautious not to declare what is metaphysically real or unreal but instead what is useful and not useful. Second,even though qi may be pseudoscientific, it remains useful and indispensable to the correct practice of tai chi and qigong. Tai chi and qigong practitioners routinely visualize and perceive the flow of qi to guide their movements, breathing, and mental activity. As such, qi and related metaphysical concepts serve as a useful mental model during practice, and belief in them may be viewed as an ‘‘expedient means" to achieve one's health goals.

关键词： Integrative medicine Tai chi Qigong Pseudoscience Qi Philosophy

Differentiating between immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis and cardiac metastasis in a cardio-oncology patient presenting with myocardial infarction: A case report

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World Journal of Radiology 2025年第1期17卷 60-66页

作者： george Latsios Yiannis Dimitroglou george Lazaros Nikos Alexopoulos Ilias Tolis Constantina Aggeli Costas Tsioufis 1^(st)Department of Cardiology Athens Medical School“Hippokration”General HospitalAthens 11527Greece Department of Radiology Athens Euroclinic HospitalAthens 11526Greece

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are leading causes of morbidity and *** with malignancies are at increased risk for cardiovascular complications including acute coronary syndromes,chemotherapy or radiation therapy related complications and cardiac *** SUMMARY We present a case of a 47-year-old female with metastatic cancer on immuno-therapy presented with anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction followed by emergent percutaneous coronary intervention in the left anterior descending *** after 72 hours showed thickening of inferior wall and cardiac magnetic resonance depicted inflammation and necrosis attributable to either cardiac metastasis or immunotherapy induced *** was not performed because of treatment with antiplatelet drugs and a definite diagnosis was achieved after probationary administration of high-dose intravenous methyl-prednisolone that led to *** In patients with malignancy,chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular complications and cardiac metastasis are common concerns and may coexist with common acute cardiovascular diseases including acute coronary *** such cases clinical suspicion aided by multimodality imaging is crucial for the diagnosis.A multidisciplinary team approach is required for prompt initiation of the appro-priate treatment.

关键词： Immune check-point inhibitors Nivolumab Myocarditis,Cardiac metastasis Cardiac magnetic resonance Echocardiography Case report

The tortuous path of lactate shuttle discovery:From cinders and boards to the lab and ICU

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第5期9卷 446-460页

作者： george A.Brooks Exercise Physiology Laboratory Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of California BerkeleyCA 94720-3140USA

Once thought to be a waste product of oxygen limited(anaerobic)metabolism,lactate is now known to form continuously under fully oxygenated(aerobic)*** shuttling between producer(driver)and consumer cells fulfills at least 3 purposes;lactate is:(1)a major energy source,(2)the major gluconeogenic precursor,and(3)a signaling *** Lactate Shuttle theory is applicable to diverse fields such as sports nutrition and hydration,resuscitation from acidosis and Dengue,treatment of traumatic brain injury,maintenance of glycemia,reduction of inflammation,cardiac support in heart failure and following a myocardial infarction,and to improve ***,dysregulated lactate shuttling disrupts metabolic flexibility,and worse,supports *** production in cancer(the Warburg effect)is involved in all main sequela for carcinogenesis:angiogenesis,immune escape,cell migration,metastasis,and self-sufficient *** history of the tortuous path of discovery in lactate metabolism and shuttling was discussed in the 2019 American College of Sports Medicine Joseph *** Lecture in Orlando,FL.

关键词： Anaerobic metabolism Exercise Glycolysis Oxidative metabolism Warburg Effect

Dynamical machine learning volumetric reconstruction of objects’ interiors from limited angular views

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第5期10卷 824-844页

作者： Iksung Kang Alexandre Goy george Barbastathis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology(SMART)Centre 1 Create WaySingapore 117543Singapore Omnisens SA Morges 1110Switzerland

Limited-angle tomography of an interior volume is a challenging, highly ill-posed problem with practical implications in medical and biological imaging, manufacturing, automation, and environmental and food security. Regularizing priors are necessary to reduce artifacts by improving the condition of such problems. Recently, it was shown that one effective way to learn the priors for strongly scattering yet highly structured 3D objects, e.g. layered and Manhattan, is by a static neural network [Goy et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 19848–19856 (2019)]. Here, we present a radically different approach where the collection of raw images from multiple angles is viewed analogously to a dynamical system driven by the object-dependent forward scattering operator. The sequence index in the angle of illumination plays the role of discrete time in the dynamical system analogy. Thus, the imaging problem turns into a problem of nonlinear system identification, which also suggests dynamical learning as a better fit to regularize the reconstructions. We devised a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture with a novel Separable-Convolution Gated Recurrent Unit (SC-GRU) as the fundamental building block. Through a comprehensive comparison of several quantitative metrics, we show that the dynamic method is suitable for a generic interior-volumetric reconstruction under a limited-angle scheme. We show that this approach accurately reconstructs volume interiors under two conditions: weak scattering, when the Radon transform approximation is applicable and the forward operator well defined;and strong scattering, which is nonlinear with respect to the 3D refractive index distribution and includes uncertainty in the forward operator.

关键词： interior dynamical angular

Spinal genesis of Mayer waves

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1821-1830页

作者： george Zaki Ghali Michael george Zaki Ghali Emil Zaki Ghali United States Environmental Protection Agency ArlingtonVAUSA Department of Toxicology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTXUSA Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy Drexel University College of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Medicine Inova Alexandria HospitalAlexandriaVAUSA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery El Gomhoureya General HospitalAlexandriaEgypt

Variability in cardiovascular spectra was first described by Stephan Hales in *** and Hering initially noted respirophasic variation of the arterial pressure waveform in 1865 and Sigmund Mayer noted a lower frequency oscillation of the same in anesthetized rabbits in *** low frequency oscillations were noted by Barcroft and Nisimaru in 1932,likely representing vasogenic *** the origins of Traube Hering and very low frequency oscillatory variability in cardiovascular spectra are well described,genesis mechanisms and functional significance of Mayer waves remain in *** theories have posited baroreflex and central supraspinal mechanisms for genesis of Mayer *** studies have demonstrated the persistence of Mayer waves following high cervical transection,indicating a spinal capacity for genesis of these *** suggest a general tendency for central sympathetic neurons to oscillate at the Mayer wave frequency,the presence of multiple Mayer wave oscillators throughout the brainstem and spinal cord,and possible contemporaneous genesis by baroreflex and vasomotor mechanisms.

关键词： Mayer waves genesis origins central sympathogenesis spinal cord cervical transection

Adaptive control of a class of nonlinear time-varying systems with multiple models

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Control Theory and Technology 2016年第4期14卷 323-334页

作者： Koshy george Karpagavalli SUBRAMANIAN PES Centre for Intelligent Systems Department of Telecommunication Engineering PES Institute of Technology Bangalore India PES Centre for Intelligent Systems Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering PES University Bangalore India

The adaptive control of nonlinear systems that are linear in the unknown but time-varying parameters are treated in this paper. Since satisfactory transient performance is an important factor, multiple models are required as these parameters change abruptly in the parameter space. In this paper we consider both the multiple models with switching and tuning methodology as well as multiple models with second level adaptation for this class of systems. We demonstrate that the latter approach is better than the former.

关键词： Nonlinear time-varying systems adaptive control multiple models

Multicellular Systems Biology: Quantifying Cellular Patterning and Function in Plant Organs Using Network Science

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Molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 731-742页

作者： george W.Bassel School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK

Organ function is at least partially shaped and constrained by the organization of their constituent cells. Extensive investigation has revealed mechanisms explaining how these patterns are generated, with less being known about their functional relevance. In this paper, a methodology to discretize and quantitatively analyze cellular patterning is described. By performing global organ-scale cellular interaction mapping, the organization of cells can be extracted and analyzed using network science. This provides a means to take the developmental analysis of cellular organization in complex organisms beyond qualitative descriptions and provides data-driven approaches to inferring cellular function. The bridging of a structure- function relationship in hypocotyl epidermal cell patterning through global topological analysis provides support for this approach. The analysis of cellular topologies from patterning mutants further enables the contribution of gene activity toward the organizational properties of tissues to be linked, bridging molecular and tissue scales. This systems-based approach to investigate multicellular complexity paves the way to uncovering the principles of complex organ design and achieving predictive genotypephenotype mapping.

关键词： organ network connectivity transport tissue topology connectome

The crossed phrenic phenomenon

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第6期12卷 845-864页

作者： Michael george Zaki Ghali Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy Drexel University College of Medicine

The cervical spine is the most common site of traumatic vertebral column injuries. Respiratory insufficiency constitutes a significant proportion of the morbidity burden and is the most common cause of mortality in these patients. In seeking to enhance our capacity to treat specifically the respiratory dysfunction following spinal cord injury, investigators have studied the “crossed phrenic phenomenon”, wherein contraction of a hemidiaphragm paralyzed by a complete hemisection of the ipsilateral cervical spinal cord above the phrenic nucleus can be induced by respiratory stressors and recovers spontaneously over time. Strengthening of latent contralateral projections to the phrenic nucleus and sprouting of new descending axons have been proposed as mechanisms contributing to the observed recovery. We have recently demonstrated recovery of spontaneous crossed phrenic activity occurring over minutes to hours in C_1-hemisected unanesthetized decerebrate rats. The specific neurochemical and molecular pathways underlying crossed phrenic activity following injury require further clarification. A thorough understanding of these is necessary in order to develop targeted therapies for respiratory neurorehabilitation following spinal trauma. Animal studies provide preliminary evidence for the utility of neuropharmacological manipulation of serotonergic and adenosinergic pathways, nerve grafts, olfactory ensheathing cells, intraspinal microstimulation and a possible role for dorsal rhizotomy in recovering phrenic activity following spinal cord injury.

关键词： crossed traumatic spontaneously olfactory diaphragm descending vertebral spine sprouting minutes

The Villafranchian carnivoran guild of Greece:implications for the fauna,biochronology and paleoecology

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 444-460页

作者： george D.KOUFOS Department of Geology Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece

Knowledge on the Villafranchian faunas of Greece was limited for a long time,but over the past 3 decades several new fossiliferous sites have been discovered and new material has been *** carnivores constitute a remarkable part of this material and their study has provided useful information for the taxonomy,chronology and *** Villafranchian carnivoran guild includes numerous taxa belonging to various *** of them are interesting as they are differentiated from the other Eurasian *** cover the entire Villafranchian but the mass is known from the Middle to the Epi-Villafranchian(EVC).Despite the discontinuous data,they provide useful biochronological *** coexistence of Pliocrocuta perrieri and Pachycrocuta brevirostris in the locality of Gerakarou 1 is strong evidence for the Middle Villafranchian(MVC)/Late Villafranchian(LVC)*** composition of the Villafranchian carnivores suggests that the canids predominate,while the felids,hyenids and mustelids are well represented;the ursids are represented by a single taxon,the well-known Ursus etruscus,which seems to be common during the entire *** carnivoran guild structure and the multivariate analysis of the Greek Villafranchian carnivoran assemblages(MVC,LVC and EVC)in comparison with modern assembalges from open and closed environments indicate a relatively open landscape,which is in agreement with previous results for the Villafranchian of *** the EVC there is a faunal renewal that is related to a more open and dry environment,like savannah bushland/grassland.

关键词： biochronology carnivore Greece paleoecology Villafranchian