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Early onset of a microcystin-producing cyanobacterial bloom in an agriculturally-influenced Great Lakes tributary

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第4期36卷 1112-1125页

作者： Robert michael L.mcKAY Taylor TUTTLE Laura A.REITZ george S.BULLERJAHN William R.CODY Adam J.mcDOWELL Timothy W.davis Department of Biological Sciences Bowling Green State University Bowling Green OH 43403 USA Aquatic Taxonomy Specialists Malinta OH 43535 USA City of Defiance Water Division Defiance OH 43512 USA NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory Ann Arbor MI USA

In late may 2016, a cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom(cHAB) was detected in the maumee River, the largest tributary to Lake Erie, the southernmost lake of the Laurentian Great Lakes system. Testing on 31 may identified Planktothrix agardhii as the dominant cyanobacterium with cell abundance exceeding 1.7×10~9 cells/L and total microcystins(mC) reaching 19 μg/L mC-LR equivalents, a level over 10-fold higher than the 2015 revised U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) national health advisory levels for drinking water exposure to adults. Low river discharge coincident with negligible precipitation through the latter half of may coincided with an 80% decline in river turbidity that likely favored bloom formation by a low-light adapted P. agardhii population. Also contributing to the c HAB were high initial nutrient loads and an increase of the river temperature from 13℃ to 26℃ over this same period. The bloom persisted through 5 June with microcystins exceeding 22 μg/L mC-LR equivalents at the bloom peak. By 6 June, the river had returned to its muddy character following a rain event and sampling on 7 June detected only low levels of toxin(ms located near the bloom origin. The elevated toxin production associated with this early onset bloom was without precedent for the maumee River and an unique attribute of the c HAB was the high proportion of potentially-toxic genotypes. Whereas Planktothrix spp. is common in lotic environments, and has been previously detected in the maumee, blooms are not commonly reported. This early onset, microcystin-producing c HAB provided a rare opportunity to glean insights into environmental factors that promote bloom development and dominance by Planktothrix in lotic environments.

关键词：伊利湖蓝藻生态系统生物学

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Etendue分析和现代数字光学信息处理产业

Etendue分析和现代数字光学信息处理产业

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中国光学学会光电技术专业委员会成立二十周年暨第十一届全国光电技术与系统学术会议

作者：宋菲君 m.davis J.Horvath E.Braddom J.Ruhala L.Yord J.Shanley 中国大恒集团有限公司 Texas Instruments US Scramtech US

数字电子学革命已为人类带来了全新的服务和产品,在大屏幕显示领域,数字显示器件正在替换CRT,数字化高清晰度电视(HDTV)也将很快在全球播出并最终代替模拟式电视。数字化显示产品的发展趋势是高亮度、高分辨率、高色饱和度、大屏幕显示...

数字电子学革命已为人类带来了全新的服务和产品,在大屏幕显示领域,数字显示器件正在替换CRT,数字化高清晰度电视(HDTV)也将很快在全球播出并最终代替模拟式电视。数字化显示产品的发展趋势是高亮度、高分辨率、高色饱和度、大屏幕显示和尽可能紧凑的显示系统结构。数字光信息显示系统是一个综合能量流和信息流的非相干光信息处理系统,典型的系统由光源一聚光部件、空间光调制器、分光部件和成像投影部件构成。存储在信源内的图像,

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Inference of phylogenetic relationships among key angiosperm lineages using a compatibility method on a molecular data set

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植物分类学报 2008年第2期46卷 130-141页

作者： george F.ESTABROOK Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Phylogenetic relationships among the five key angiosperm lineages, Ceratophyllum, Chloranthaceae, eudicots, magnoliids, and monocots, have resisted resolution despite several large-scale analyses sampling taxa and characters extensively and using various analytical methods. meanwhile, compatibility methods, which were explored together with parsimony and likelihood methods during the early development stage of phylogenetics, have been greatly under-appreciated and not been used to analyze the massive amount of sequence data to recon-struct the basal angiosperm phylogeny. In this study, we used a compatibility method on a data set of eight genes (mitochondrial atp1, matR, and nad5, plastid atpB, matK, rbcL, and rpoC2, and nuclear 18S rDNA) gathered in an earlier study. We selected two sets of characters that are compatible with more of the other characters than a random character would be with at probabilities of pmmmatrices were subjected to parsimony and likelihood bootstrap analyses. Our unrooted parsimony analyses showed that Cerato-phyllum was immediately related to eudicots, this larger lineage was immediately related to magnoliids, and monocots were closely related to Chloranthaceae. All these relationships received 76%–96% bootstrap support. A likelihood analysis of the 8 gene pmmpatible site matrix recovered the same topology but with low support. Likelihood analyses of other compatible site matrices produced different topologies that were all weakly sup-ported. The topology reconstructed in the parsimony analyses agrees with the one recovered in the previous study using both parsimony and likelihood methods when no character was eliminated. Parts of this topology have also been recovered in several earlier studies. Hence, this topology plausibly reflects the true relationships among the five key angiosperm lineages.

关键词：系统发育被子植物形态特征数据库

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Strongly seasonal Proterozoic glacial climate in low palaeolatitudes:Radically different climate system on the pre-Ediacaran Earth

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 555-571页

作者： george E.Williams Phillip W.Schmidt Grant m.Young Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia CSIRO mineral Resources Flagship PO Box 52North RydeNSW 16FOAustralia Department of Earth Sciences University of Western OntarioLondonOntario N6A 5B7Canada

Proterozoic （pre-Ediacaran） glaciations occurred under strongly seasonal climates near sea level in low palaeolatitudes. metre-scale primary sand wedges in Cryogenian periglacial deposits are identical to those actively forming, through the infilling of seasonal （winter） thermal contraction-cracks in perma- frost by windblown sand, in present-day polar regions with a mean monthly air temperature range of 40 ~C and mean annual air temperatures of -20 ~C or lower. Varve-like rhythmites with dropstones in Proterozoic glacial successions are consistent with an active seasonal freeze-thaw cycle. The seasonal （annual） oscillation of sea level recorded by tidal rhythmites in Cryogenian glacial successions indicates a significant seasonal cycle and extensive open seas. Palaeomagnetic data determined directly for Prote- rozoic glacial deposits and closely associated rocks indicate low palaeolatitudes： Cryogenian deposits in South Australia accumulated at 〈10% most other Cryogenian deposits at 〈20~ and Palaeoproterozoic deposits at 〈15~ palaeolatitude. Palaeomagnetic data imply that the Proterozoic geomagnetic field approximated a geocentric axial dipole, hence palaeolatitudes represent geographic latitudes. The Cry- ogenian glacial environment included glacier-flee, continental permafrost regions with ground frozen on a kyr time-scale, aeolian sand-sheets, extensive and long-lived open seas, and an active hydrological cycle. This palaeoenvironment confiicts with the ＇snowball Earth＇ and ＇slushball Earth＇ hypotheses, which cannot accommodate large seasonal changes of temperature near the equator. Consequently, their proponents have attempted to refute the evidence for strong seasonality by introducing Popperian ＇auxiliary assumptions＇. However, non-actualistic arguments that the Cryogenian sand wedges indicate diurnal or weakly seasonal temperature changes are based on misunderstandings of periglacial pro- cesses. modelling of a strongly seasonal climate for a frozen-over Ear

关键词： Proterozoic Glaciation Periglacial structures Varves Paleoclimate Paleomagetism

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Thismia tentaculata(Burmanniaceae tribe Thismieae) from Hong Kong:first record of the genus and tribe from continental China

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第6期47卷 605-607页

作者： george W.C.HO Shek Shing mAR Richard m.K.SAUNDERS 812 Fu Yuen HouseChuk Yuen South EstateHong KongChina Ying Wa College Hong KongChina Division of Ecology and Biodiversity School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong

Populations of Thismia tentaculata(Burmanniaceae tribe Thismieae) are described and illustrated from Tai mo Shan in Hong Kong,southern *** represents the first report of the genus and tribe from continental China.

关键词： Burmanniaceae Hong Kong new record Thismiaceae Thismia tentaculata

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Journal of Semiconductors 2015年第12期36卷 24-29页

作者： Jiji Koshy Soosen Samuel.m Anoop Chandran K.C.george Department of Physics S.B.College

The ac conduction mechanism in copper oxide nanoparticles with 8 nm size, synthesized by a precipitation method was studied by analyzing ac conductivity in the frequency range of 50 Hz-1 mHz and in the temperature range of 373-573 K. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy （TEm） were employed for the structural and morphological characterization of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental and theoretical in- vestigations suggested that the ac conduction mechanism in CuO nanoparticles can be successfully explained by a correlated barrier hopping model, which provided reasonable values for the maximum barrier height and characteristic relaxation time. It was also found that bipolaron hopping become prominent up to a particular temperature and beyond that single polaron hopping predominates. Physical parameters such as hopping distance and density of defect states were also calculated. Photoluminescence studies confirm the presence of a surface defect in CuO nanoparticles.

关键词： CuO nanoparticles correlated barrier hopping defect states photoluminescence spectrum single polaron hopping

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Functionalized, carbon nanotube material for the catalytic degradation of organophosphate nerve agents

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Nano Research 2014年第3期7卷 390-398页

作者： mark m. Bailey John m. Heddleston Jeffrey davis Jessica L. Staymates Angela R. Hight Walker National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division Gaithersburg MD USA National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Materials Measurement Science Division Gaithersburg MD USA Present Address: United States Army medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAmRIID) Center for Aerobiological Sciences Fort Detrick MD USA

Recent world events have emphasized the need to develop innovative, functional materials that will safely neutralize chemical warfare (CW) agents in situ to protect military personnel and civilians from dermal exposure. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a novel, proof-of-concept design for a Cu-containing catalyst, chemically bonded to a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) structural support, to effectively degrade an organophosphate simulant. SWCNTs have high tensile strength and are flexible and light-weight, which make them a desirable structural component for unique, fabric-like materials. This study aims to develop a self-decontaminating, carbon nanotube-derived material that can ultimately be incorporated into a wearable fabric or protective material to minimize dermal exposure to organophosphate nerve agents and to prevent accidental exposure during decontamination procedures. Carboxylated SWCNTs were functionalized with a polymer, which contained Cu-chelating bipyridine groups, and their catalytic activity against an organophosphate simulant was measured over time. The catalytically active, functionalized nanomaterial was characterized using X-ray fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy. Assuming zeroth-order reaction kinetics, the hydrolysis rate of the organophosphate simulant, as monitored by UV-vis absorption in the presence of the catalytically active nanomaterial, was 63 times faster than the uncatalyzed hydrolysis rate for a sample containing only carboxylated SWCNTs or a control sample containing no added nanotube materials.

关键词：碳纳米管材料有机磷酸酯催化降解神经毒剂单壁碳纳米管功能化 X射线荧光光谱催化活性

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Highway bridge seismic design:summary of FHWA/mCEER project on seismic vulnerability of new highway construction

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2002年第1期1卷 10-19页

作者： Ian m.Friedland Ian G.Buckle george C.Lee Applied Technology Council 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NWSuite 700Washington D.C.20004USA Associate Director for Development Department of Civil Engineering University of Nevada-RenoMail Stop 258RenoNevada89557USA Professor multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.University at Buffalo.Red Jacket Quadrangle.Buffalo.New York 14260.USA Samuel P.Capen Professor

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) sponsored a large,multi-year project conducted by the multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (mCEER) titled'Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway Construction'(mCEER Project 112),which was completed in *** coordinated the work of many researchers,who performed studies on the seismic design and vulnerability analysis of highway bridges,tunnels,and retaining structures. Extensive research was conducted to provide revisions and improvements to current design and detailing approaches and national design specifications for highway *** program included both analytical and experimental studies,and addressed seismic hazard exposure and ground motion input for the *** system;foundation design and soil behavior: structural importance,analysis,and response:structural design issues and details;and structural design criteria.

关键词： Seismic design specifications bridges seismic hazard exposure ground motion input structural response analysis foundation design soil behavior

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Edge chipping resistance of ceramics:Problems of test method

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第4期2卷 370-377页

作者： george A.GOGOTSI Pisarenko Institute for Problems of Strength 2Timiryazevskaya Str.01014KievUkraine

An unconventional method for determining the fracture resistance of brittle materials is *** method employs a conical indenter to chip the rectangular edge of the *** features of the method are the use of small specimens and the evaluation of the resistance of materials to the nucleation,initiation and propagation of a *** is shown that this method is somewhat similar to the Hertzian fracture method and to the way that early man selected stones to make tools and *** data of the fracture resistance of ceramics is *** is confirmed that if a ceramic material is similar to the model material of linear elastic fracture mechanics(LEFm),then those fracture resistance values are directly proportional to the critical stress intensity factors(baseline).For elastic and inelastic ceramics,R-lines characterizing the fracture resistance to crack growth are *** is shown that proportionality lines(edge chipping resistance versus critical stress intensity factor)may be straight lines for ceramics with similar structure(such as Y-TZP and mg-PSZ).The effect of rounding of the conical indenter tip(10-800μm)on chip scar shape is *** aspects in the fracture behavior of ceramics during edge chipping are also *** advantages and disadvantages of the method are *** studies in this mechanico-physical research area are suggested.

关键词： mechanical characterization micromechanics indentation phase transformation edge fracture(EF)method

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Non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC):Implications on molecular pathology and advances in early diagnostics and therapeutics

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第3期10卷 960-989页

作者： Hafiza Padinharayil Jinsu Varghese mithun Chacko John Golgodu Krishnamurthy Rajanikant Cornelia m.Wilson minnatallah Al-Yozbaki Kaviyarasi Renu Saikat Dewanjee Rupa Sanyal Abhijit Dey Anirban Goutam mukherjee Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan Alex george Jubilee Centre for medical Research Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research InstituteThrissurKerala 680005India PG&Research Department of Zoology St.Thomas CollegeKozhencheryPathanamthittaKerala 689641India Department of medical Oncology Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research InstituteThrissurKerala 680005India School of Biotechnology National Institute of TechnologyCalicutKerala 673601India Canterbury Christ Church University Natural Applied SciencesLife Sciences Industry Liaison LabDiscovery ParkSandwich CT139FFUnited Kingdom Centre of molecular medicine and Diagnostics(COmmanD) Department of BiochemistrySaveetha Dental College&HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur UniversityKolkataWest Bengal 700032India Department of Botany Bhairab Ganguly CollegeFeeder RoadBelghoriaKolkataWest Bengal 700056India Department of Life Sciences Presidency UniversityKolkataWest Bengal 700073India Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Bio-Sciences and TechnologyVellore Institute of Technology(VIT)VelloreTamil Nadu 632014India

Continuous revision of the histologic and stage-wise classification of lung cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) provides the foundation for therapeutic advances by promoting molecular targeted and immunotherapies and ensuring accurate diagnosis. Cancer epidemiologic data provide helpful information for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and management, supporting health-care interventions. Global cancer mortality projections from 2016 to 2060 show that cancer will overtake ischemic heart diseases (IHD) as the leading cause of death (18.9 million) immediately after 2030, surpassing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85 percent of lung cancers. The clinical stage at the diagnosis is the main prognostic factor in NSCLC therapies. Advanced early diagnostic methods are essential as the initial stages of cancer show reduced mortality compared to the advanced stages. Sophisticated approaches to proper histological classification and NSCLC management have improved clinical efficiency. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted molecular therapies have refined the therapeutic management of late-stage NSCLC, the specificity and sensitivity of cancer biomarkers should be improved by focusing on prospective studies, followed by their use as therapeutic tools. The liquid biopsy candidates such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA), tumor educated platelets (TEP), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess cancer-derived biomolecules and aid in tracing: driver mutations leading to cancer, acquired resistance caused by various generations of therapeutic agents, refractory disease, prognosis, and surveillance.

关键词： Biomarker Clinical trial Epidemiology Histology Liquid biopsy NSCLC Targeted therapy

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