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Precise identification of different stages of a tick,Ixodes granulatus Supino,1897(Acari:Ixodidae)

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第7期6卷 597-604页

作者： Ernieenor Faraliana Che Lah Salmah Yaakop Mariana Ahamad Ernna george Shukor md Nor Acarology Unit Infectious Diseases Research CentreInstitute for Medical Research Centre for Insect Systematic School of Environmental and Natural Resource SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Obj.ctive: To identify different stages of Ixodes granulatus(I. granulatus) based on morphological characters prior to molecular identification which is significant for confirming and identifying the nymphal stages of I. ***: A total of 14 individuals of adult, engorged and nymphal ticks collected from three different localities were examined morphologically using taxonomic keys, followed by PCR using cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI). Clustering analysis based on COI sequences was carried out by constructing neighbor-j.ining and maximum parsimony tree to clarify the genetic variation and diversity of local I. ***: Based on external morphological characterizations, nine individuals(64.3%)were successfully identified as I. granulatus, while five individuals were recognized only as Ixodes sp. due to lack of morphological characters visible and development during that stage. Molecular analysis of local I. granulatus using COI gene revealed 93%–94% sequence homology from available sequence in Gen Bank and was in concordance with the morphological identification. Furthermore, a low intraspecific variation was observed among the species of I. granulatus collected from different localities(0%–3.7%).Conclusions: These findings demonstrated for the first time the establishment of COI gene for identifying I. granulatus nymphal tick which is of paramount importance to the control of potential tick-borne infections in Malaysia. Moreover, this study provides evidence that a combination of morphology and molecular data was corroborated as an accurate tool for tick identification.

关键词： Ticks Ixodes granulatus Cytochrome oxidase subunit I Morphology

Intraspecific variation in shoot flammability in Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium is not predicted by habitat environmental conditions

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 178-185页

作者： Xinglei Cui Adrian M.Paterson george LW.Perry Sarah V.Wyse md Azharul Alam Congde Huang Shixing Zhou Lin Xiao Changhong Lai Fang He Dongyu Cao Kate Marshall Timothy j.Curran Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Centre for Southwest Forest and Grassland Fire Ecological Prevention College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China School of Environment University of AucklandAuckland1142New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre Lincoln UniversityLincoln7647New Zealand Sichuan Province Forestry and Grassland Environmental Monitoring Centre Chengdu610036China

Background:Flammability is a compound plant trait that can vary significantly across natural populations within *** intraspecific variation in flammability provides insights into the evolution of plant flam-mability and inform understanding of wildfire risk and behaviour in different ***:We measured four flammability variables,representing ignitibility(time to ignition),sustainability(total burning time),combustibility(maximum temperature during burning)and consumability(percentage of biomass consumed by fire)to assess the shoot-level flammability of Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium(***.)(Ericaceae),a polymorphic endemic species distributed throughout New *** examined the relationship between flammability components and a suite of climatic and geographic variables(elevation,latitude,mean annual temperature(MAT),mean annual rainfall(MAR)of the sample locations,etc.).Results:We measured shoot-level flammability components of 62 individuals across eight *** time,maximum temperature and burnt biomass were positively correlated with each other,while ignition score was independent of other flammability *** flammability components varied significantly across the eight *** habitat conditions we considered were not related to any of the shoot-level flammability components of ***:Intraspecific variation in flammability in *** may be a byproduct of selection on other functional traits,such as leaf size,shoot lipid content,indicating that plant flammability is an incidental result,rather than selected for,at least in ecosystems without fire as a selective force.

关键词： Dracophyllum Fire Flammability Habitat

Surface-effects-dominated thermal and mechanical responses of zinc oxide nanobelts

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2006年第3期22卷 217-224页

作者： A. j. Kulkarni. M. Zhou The george W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia

t Molecular dynamics （md） simulations are carried out to characterize the mechanical and thermal responses of [011^-1]-oriented ZnO nanobelts with lateral dimensions of 21.22A × 18.95 A, 31.02A× 29.42 A, and40.81A ×39.89A over the temperature range of 300-1000 K. The Young＇s modulus and thermal conductivity of the nanobelts are evaluated. Significant surface effects on properties due to the highsurface-to-volume ratios of the nanobelts are observed. For the mechanical response, surface-stress-induced internal stress plays an important role. For the thermal response, surface scattering of phonons dominates. Calculations show that the Young＇s modulus is higher than the corresponding value for bulk ZnO and decreases by -33% as the lateral dimensions increase from 21.22 A × 18.95A to 40.81 A × 39.89A. The thermal conductivity is one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding value for bulk ZnO single crystal and decreases with wire size. Specifically, the conductivity of the 21.22 A × 18.95 A belt is approximately （31-18）% lower than that of the 40.81 A × 39.89 A belt over the temperature range analyzed. A significant dependence of properties on temperature is also observed, with the Young＇s modulus decreasing on average by 12% and the conductivity decreasing by 50% as temperature increases from 300 K to 1000 K.

关键词： Zinc oxide nanobelts Surface effects Size dependence Young's modulus Thermal conductivity

Key questions about the checkpoint blockade-are microRNAs an answer?

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2018年第2期15卷 103-115页

作者： Mihnea Dragomir Baoqing Chen Xiao Fu george A.Calin Department of Experimental Therapeutics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational MedicineIuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Department of Surgery Fundeni Clinical HospitalCarol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

The introduction of immune-checkpoint blockade in the cancer therapy led to a paradigm change of the management of late stage cancers. There are already multiple FDA approved checkpoint inhibitors and many other agents are undergoing phase 2 and early phase 3 clinical trials. The therapeutic indication of immune checkpoint inhibitors expanded in the last years, but still remains unclear who can benefit. Micro RNAs are small RNAs with no coding potential. By complementary pairing to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA, microRNAs exert posttranscriptional control of protein expression. A network of microRNAs directly and indirectly controls the expression of checkpoint receptors and several microRNAs can target multiple checkpoint molecules,mimicking the therapeutic effect of a combined immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will describe the microRNAs that control the expression of immune checkpoints and we will present four specific issues of the immune checkpoint therapy in cancer:(1) imprecise therapeutic indication,(2) difficult response evaluation,(3) numerous immunologic adverse-events, and(4)the absence of response to immune therapy. Finally, we propose microRNAs as possible solutions for these pitfalls. We consider that in the near future microRNAs could become important therapeutic partners of the immune checkpoint therapy.

关键词： MicroRNA PD-1 PD-L1 CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitors

Molecular Docking Studies on Anticonvulsant Enaminones Inhibiting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

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Open j.urnal of Physical Chemistry 2019年第4期9卷 241-257页

作者： Yayin Fang j.miya Kirkland Isis j. Amaye Patrice j.ckson-Ayotunde Matthew george j.. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine Howard University Washington DC USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy and Health Professions University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne MD USA

Epilepsy is described as the most common chronic brain disorder. A typical symptom of epilepsy results in uncontrolled convulsions caused by temporary excessive neuronal discharges. Although several new anticon-vulsants have been introduced, some types of seizures have still not been adequately controlled with these new and current therapies. There is an urgent need to develop new anticonvulsant drugs to control the many different types of seizures. Many studies have shown that the epilepsies involve more than one mechanism and therefore may be responsible for the various types of observed seizures. Recently reported studies have shown that a group of newly synthesized 6 Hz active anticonvulsant fluorinated N-benzamide enaminones exhibited selective inhibitions of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels. Nav channels are responsible for the initial inward currents during the depolarization phases of the action potential in excitable cells. The activation and opening of Nav channels result in the initial phases of action potentials. We hypothesize that there is an essential pharmacophore model for the interactions between these enaminones and the active sites of Nav channels. The research reported here is focused on molecular docking studies of the interactions that occur between the fluorinated N-benzamide enaminones and the Nav channels. These studies may open an avenue for designing anticonvulsant drugs by inhibiting Nav channels.

关键词： Anticonvulsant Enaminones Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Structure-Based Drug Design Molecular Docking 3D QSAR

Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission

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j.urnal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第7期15卷 1584-1594页

作者： Chang-Yong Choi j.hn Y Takekawa XIONG Yue LIU Ying Martin Wikelski george Heine Diann j.Prosser Scott H Newman j.hn Edwards Fusheng Guo Xiangming Xiao Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology Center for Spatial AnalysisUniversity of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Western Ecological Research Center U.S.Geological SurveyVallejoCA 94592USA National Audubon Society San FranciscoCA 94104USA Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022P.R.China Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyRadolfzell D-78315Germany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanz D-78457Germany Patuxent Wildlife Research Center U.S.Geological SurveyBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD)Vietnam Office Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsHanoi 10000Vietnam Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases(ECTAD)China Office Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsBeijing 100600P.R.China Murdoch University MurdochWA 6150Australia Institute of Biodiversity Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433P.R.China

Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian inlfuenza （HPAI） are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a maj.r pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System （GPS） locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile （GSM） cellular telephone system. For the ifrst time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide di-rect, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our ifndings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for future telemetry studies in poultry network analyses.

关键词： avian inlfuenza domestic duck market chain network poultry telemetry

The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma:a revision with new species

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第4期55卷 77-108页

作者： Gary j.Samuels Adnan Ismaiel Temesgen B.Mulaw george Szakacs Irina S.Druzhinina Christian P.Kubicek Walter M.j.klitsch United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceSystematic Mycology&Microbiology LaboratoryB-010a10300 Baltimore AveBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Center for Environmental Science Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMD 21201USA Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science Budapest University of Technology and Economics(BUTE)1111 BudapestGellért ter 4Hungary Vienna University of Technology Institute of Chemical EngineeringGetreidemarkt 9/1661060 WienAustria Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Faculty Centre of BiodiversityUniversity of ViennaRennweg 141030 ViennaAustria

The Longibrachiatum Clade of Trichoderma is *** new species are described(***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***).The twenty-one species known to belong to the Longibrachiatum Clade are included in a synoptic *** parareesei and *** are redescribed based on new collections or additional *** teleomorphs are reported for *** and *** described species are annotated.

关键词： Hypocrea Hypocreaceae Hypocreales Endophyte Medical mycology Revision Systematics Taxonomy Soil fungi Biogeography

Relationship between nitrate headache and outcome in patients with acute stroke: results from the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke (ENOS) trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 180-186页

作者： Lucy Beishon Lisa j.Woodhouse Daniel Bereczki Hanne K Christensen Ronan Collins j.hn Gommans Christina Kruuse george Ntaios Serefnur Ozturk Stephen Phillips Stuart Pocock Szabolcs Szatmari j.anna Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke Trials Unit Division of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Neurology Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary Bispebj.rg Hospital and University of Copenhagen University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine Adelaide and Meath HospitalDublinIreland Department of Medicine Hawke's Bay HospitalCamberleyNew Zealand Department of Neurology Herlev Gentofte HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark Department of Medicine Larissa University HospitalUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece Department of Neurology Selcuk University Medical FacultyKonyaTurkey Department of Neurology Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences CentreHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada Medical Statistics Unit London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Department of Neurology George Emil Palade University of MedicinePharmacyScience and Technology of Târgu MureșTargu MuresRomania Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Stroke Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK

Introduction Nitrate-induced headache is common and may signify responsive cerebral *** assessed the relationship between nitrate headache and outcome in patients with acute *** and methods Patients were those randomised to glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)versus no GTN in the efficacy of nitric oxide in stroke *** of headache by end of treatment(day 7),and functional outcome(modified Rankin Scale,primary outcome)at day 90,were *** are adj.sted for baseline prognostic factors and give OR and mean difference(md)with 95%*** In 4011 patients,headache was more common in GTN than control(360,18.0% vs 170,8.5%;pmd 3.7,95% CI 0.3 to 7.1)and cognition(telephone interview cognitive screen,md 2.0,95% CI 0.7 to 3.3)(day 90).Non-nitrate headache was not associated with death,disability or *** and conclusion Development of a nitrate headache by day 7 after stroke may be associated with improved activities of daily living and cognitive impairment at day 90,which was not seen with non-nitrate headache.

关键词： headache patients nitrate

Acupoint Herbal Patching with or without Conventional Treatment for Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

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World j.urnal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 45-58页

作者： Fen Zhou Ya-Wei Shan george Lewith j.an-Ping Liu Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Nursing School Beijing University of Chinese Medicine University of Southampton

Background: Acupoint herbal patching(AHP) alone or as an adj.vant therapy with conventional treatment(CT) has been widely used for prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). However, current clinical evidence from a systematic review of RCTs is ***: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of AHP with or without CT for people with COPD at stable ***: We searched randomized controlled trials comparing AHP(with or without CT) with no intervention, placebo, or CT from six databases. Two authors selected studies, extracted data and evaluated risk of bias of included trials. Rev Man 5.2 software was used to analysis ***: Twenty one RCTs(2327 participants) were included. AHP of non sanfu applied on no fixed dates with CT significantly decreased the mean frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD(times per year)(md:-1.24; 95% CI:-2.02 to-0.46; 2 trials), and improved lung function parameters and quality of life. The AHP with CT showed no better effect in 6-minute walking distance(6 MWD) that CT alone. AHP applied at sanfu(specific dates based on lunar calendar) with CT had significant effect for 6 MWD(md: 11.20; 95% CI: 0.83 to 21.56; I^2= 0%;3 trials). One trial reported skin irritation from AHP. Another trial reported two patients had eye discomfort, which was inferred as the adverse effects of ***: AHP used as an adj.nct to CT, appears to be more effective than CT alone in patients with stable COPD. However, further large,rigorously designed trials are warranted to confirm these potential effects.

关键词： Traditional chinese medicine Acupoint herbal patching Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Treatment Systematic review Randomized controlled trials