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Stroke and Constipation<br/>—Coincidence or Interrelated?

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Health 2014年第19期6卷 2743-2748页

作者： Jayaprada Kasaraneni margaret hayes Department of Family Medicine Oregon Health & Science University Portland OR USA

Emile Gautier once said, “Freedom of the bowels is the most precious, perhaps even the most essential, of all freedoms—one without which little can be accomplished.” This paper will explore the neuronal physiology, pathophysiology, theories regarding the correlation between stroke and constipation along with a few treatment options. Patients often recovering from stroke complain of constipation and it is most likely attributed to changes in diet, ambulation, or fluid balance. However, there are not many studies to reflect the correlation between other less significant symptoms and stroke presentation.

关键词： Stroke Constipation Treatment of Constipation Studies on Stroke

Evaluating the Impact of Adoption of Improved Maize Varieties on Yield in Uganda： A Propensity Score Matching Approach

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第3期2卷 368-377页

作者： margaret Nabasirye Barnabas Kiiza george Omiat Department of Agricultural Production Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda Oepartment of Agribusiness and Natural Resource Economics Makerere University P.O. Box 7062 Kampala Uganda

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of adopting improved maize varieties on crop yield in Uganda using propensity score matching （PSM） algorithms to control for hidden selection bias. The study employed cross-sectional household data collected in 2005/2006 by the Uganda Bureau of Statistics （UBOS） across the country. Data were divided into two parts; the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample （those that cultivated less than 5 acres or 2 Hectares of maize in 2004 and 2005）. Then estimation was made of the difference in yields between the adopters and non adopters, the average treatment effect on the treated （ATT） for the full sample and smallholder farmer sub-sample. Matching methods were used to control for hidden selection bias and the standardized bias measure was used to check for the quality of matching. The results indicate that adoption of improved maize seed had a robust positive and significant effect on yields obtained by farmers. The results were consistent for both the full and smallholder farmer sub-samples. Sensitivity analysis using Rosenbaum bounds indicated that the ATT results were fairly robust to hidden selection bias. That is, the results were not sensitive to unobserved selection bias. Therefore it is confidently asserted that the estimated average difference in maize yields between the adopters and non-adopters was due to the effect of planting improved maize seed.

关键词： Adoption impact evaluation improved maize seed propensity score matching Uganda.

Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Associated Risk Factors among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients Attending Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

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Open Journal of Immunology 2018年第1期8卷 1-12页

作者： Nchagwa Edward Mangare margaret W. Muturi george Gachara Department of Medical Laboratory Science Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Coupled with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), it causes end organ diseases leading to increased morbidity and mortality in the population. The prevalence of Cytomegalovirus infection is above 93% in HIV infected children in Kenya. Despite, a high Cytomegalovirus seroprevalence found in children, few studies have documented CMV in adults. This study was done to determine the seroprevalence of CMV infection and its associated risk factors among HIV patients attending Thika level 5 Hospital in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study also evaluated the effect CMV infection on the immunity of HIV infected patients. A cross-sectional study involving 163 HIV positive participants from different age groups was carried out. A questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic and specific risk factors associated with cytomegalovirus. Blood was collected and analyzed for CD4 counts, CMV IgG and IgM. The seroprevalence of CMV was found to be 89% (CMV IgG) while the incidence was 10.4% (CMV IgM). The study found that CMV infection leads to more suppression of the immunity among the HIV infected patients. In addition, education, economic status, having other sexual transmitted infections, sharing drinks, immune status and blood transfusion were associated with CMV infection (p < 0.05). The study recommends adoption of CMV screening services and education on CMV risk factors as CMV infection preventive strategies.

关键词： Cytomegalovirus Human Immunodeficiency Virus Immunoglobulin G and M

Real Collaboration : What It Takes for Global Health to Succeed 1

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Tamoxifen对真皮成纤维细胞种植胶原网格的抑制效应

丛书名： California/Milbank Books on Health and the Public, Vol. 20

2010年

作者： Mark L. Rosenberg Elisabeth hayes margaret McIntyre Nancy Wall Neill

ISBN: (纸本)9780520259508;9780520259515;9780520945555

Essential reading for those who work in global health, this practical handbook focuses on what might be the most important lesson of the last fifty years: that collaboration is the best way to make health resources count for disadvantaged people around the world. Designed as a learning resource to catalyze fresh thinking, Real Collaboration draws from case studies of teams struggling to combat smallpox, river blindness, polio, and other health threats. In honest appraisals, participants share their missteps as well as their successes. Based on these stories, as well as on analyses of many other enterprises, this accessible, engaging book distills the critical factors that can increase the likelihood of success for those who are launching or managing a new partnership.• Features a solutions-oriented approach• Covers leadership skills, management approaches and lessons from experienced project teams• Information is clearly presented in graphics, sidebars, checklists, and other useful features• Supplementary teaching aids including a DVD and additional online resources

关键词： Charities, Medical World health Medical policy International cooperation

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中华整形外科杂志 2002年第3期18卷 160-162页

作者：胡大海朱雄翔徐明达陈璧 margaret AH george WC 第四军医大学西京医院烧伤科英国牛津大学丘吉尔医院创面愈合研究所

目的　探索Tamoxifen用于治疗皮肤瘢痕挛缩的可能性。方法　将人真皮成纤维细胞种植于Ⅰ型胶原构成的胶原网格内培养 ,加入 1～ 5 0 μmol L的Tamoxifen ,测定网格收缩率 ;采用MTT染色法原位观察网格内的细胞形态及活力变化。结果　Tamo... 详细信息

目的　探索Tamoxifen用于治疗皮肤瘢痕挛缩的可能性。方法　将人真皮成纤维细胞种植于Ⅰ型胶原构成的胶原网格内培养 ,加入 1～ 5 0 μmol L的Tamoxifen ,测定网格收缩率 ;采用MTT染色法原位观察网格内的细胞形态及活力变化。结果　Tamoxifen对胶原网格收缩具有抑制效应 ,其浓度低于 5 μmol L时对网格收缩无影响 ,高于 30 μmol L时网格收缩被不可逆性完全抑制 ,处于 10～ 2 0 μmol L时对网格收缩作用呈现剂量及时间依赖性抑制。MTT染色后观察显示网格收缩变化与处于三维培养的细胞突起伸展状态相关 ;Tamoxifen并不直接导致网格内的细胞死亡 ,而是通过抑制细胞功能发挥作用。结论　Tamoxifen可对真皮成纤维细胞体外模拟的瘢痕挛缩产生抑制效应。

关键词： Tamoxifen 成纤维细胞 T型胶原三维培养瘢痕

Poor quality of dietary assessment in randomised controlled trials of nutritional interventions for type 2 diabetes may impact outcome conclusions: a systematic review

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Poor quality of dietary assessment in randomised controlled ...

Myeloid sarcoma presenting as a colon polyp and harbinger of chronic myelogenous leukemia

中国营养学会第十五届全国营养科学大会

作者： Tian Wang Siopis george Hiu Yee Wong margaret Allman-Farinelli The University of Sydney

Diet is critical in diabetes management and new nutritional interventions are continuously being tested in randomized controlled trials. However, to make meaningful conclusions about the efficacy of dietary treatments, it is critical to be certain that the participants adhered to the dietary intervention and the dietary changes are valid. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the quality of dietary assessment and whether it might impact on study metabolic outcomes. Methods Four databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL, were searched, from inception until September 2019 for randomized controlled trials of nutritional interventions in people with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes. Trials that measured nutritional intakes in methods and HbA1 c as an outcome were included. Investigators assessed risk of bias and quality of the dietary measurements using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool 2.0 and a redeveloped EURICA tool, respectively. The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting in Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019146471. Results Of 2552 records retrieved, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies aimed to achieve a reduction in HbA1c, and four studies aimed to maintain HbA1c while improving other metabolic/nutritional outcomes. Two studies were rated as ’good’, six as ’medium’, and 15 as ‘poor’ in the quality assessment of the dietary measurement tool. The majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Of those studies with medium or high diet quality assessment, six of eight achieved the desired outcome whereas only four of the 15 other studies achieved the desired clinical outcome for HbA1 c. Conclusion The poor quality of dietary assessment in clinical trials manipulating dietary intakes casts uncertainty on the legitimacy of causal mechanisms attributed to dietary interventions. Attention to the validity and reliability of dietary assessment methods is

关键词： Diet dietary assessment method meta-analysis nutrition intervention systematic review type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第3期8卷 321-325页

作者： Robert Rogers Mark Ettel margaret Cho Alexander Chan Xiao-Jun Wu Antonio G Neto Department of Pathology New York University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Department of Pathology George Washington University School of Medicine

Myeloid sarcoma, also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is an unusual accumulation of malignant myeloid precursor cells in an extramedullary site, which disrupts the normal architecture of the involved tissue. It is known to occur more commonly in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and less commonly in those with myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasm, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia. The most common sites of involvement include bone, skin and lymph nodes. However, rare cases have been reported in the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, or breast. Most commonly, a neoplastic extramedullary proliferation of myeloid precursors in a patient would have systemic involvement of a myeloid neoplasm, including in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. Infrequently, extramedullary disease may be the only site of involvement. It may also occur as a localized antecedent to more generalized disease or as a site of recurrence. Herein, we present the first case in the English literature of a patient presenting with an isolated site of myeloid sarcoma arising in the form of a colonic polyp which, after subsequent bone marrow biopsy, was found to be a harbinger of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

关键词： Myeloid sarcoma Granulocytic sarcoma Chloroma Chronic myelogenous leukemia

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用紫外分光光度计测定羊毛防蛀剂的方法

印染助剂 1987年第4期 34-37页

作者： margaret M george ,刘拥军

一种用于鉴别和测定羊毛和混纺羊毛上的防蛀剂Eulan WA New或Eulan U33和MitinFFHigh Conc的方法已有了进展。防蛀剂是从防蛀处理羊毛的氢氧化钠溶液中,用溶剂萃取分离出来,再用紫外分光光度计测定。杂质的干扰不可忽视,作者在实验中很... 详细信息

一种用于鉴别和测定羊毛和混纺羊毛上的防蛀剂Eulan WA New或Eulan U33和MitinFFHigh Conc的方法已有了进展。防蛀剂是从防蛀处理羊毛的氢氧化钠溶液中,用溶剂萃取分离出来,再用紫外分光光度计测定。杂质的干扰不可忽视,作者在实验中很少遇到这样的干扰,而这种干扰可用比较曲线形状的方法检测出来。

关键词：羊毛制品 WA 氢氧化钠溶液羊毛产品防蛀剂防蛀整理剂紫外分光光度计

缺血性卒中的一级预防——美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会指南动脉粥样硬化性周围血管病跨学科工作组、心血管护理委员会、临床心脏病学委员会、营养、体力活动和代谢委员会以及医疗质量和转归研究跨学科工作组共同倡导

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国际脑血管病杂志 2006年第8期14卷 572-618页

作者： Larry B. Goldstein Robert Adams Mark J. Alberts Lawrence J. Appel Lawrence M. Brass Cheryl D. Bushnell Antonio Culebras Thomas J. DeGraba Philip B. Gorelick John R. Guyton Robert G. Hart george howard.margaret kelly-hayes J.V. (Ian) Nixon Ralph L. Sacco 苏克江高宗恩解放军66393部队医院胜利油田中心医院

背景和目的本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述,并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写... 详细信息

背景和目的本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述,并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾(涵盖时间段为2001年最后一次回顾发表到2005年1月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来概括现有的证据,指明现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出简明的推荐。写作组全体成员在撰写过程中均有很多机会对推荐进行评论并认可这份声明的最终版本。在AHA科学咨询与协调委员会批准之前,本指南已进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒中风险的流程图进行评估。根据干预的可能性(不可干预、可干预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预的危险因素包括年龄、性别、出生体重低、人种/种族和遗传因素。证据充分的可干预危险因素包括高血压、主动或被动吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、缺乏体力活动、肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对应用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行回顾。结论有大量证据可以用于确定增加首次卒中风险的各种特殊因素和提供降低这种风险的策略。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明卒中危险因素一级预防