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Origins of HIV, HCoV-HKU1, SFTSV, and MERS-CoV and Beyond

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China CDC weekly 2022年第37期4卷 823-827页

作者： Wenli Liu Peipei Liu William J Liu Qihui Wang Yigang Tong George FGao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Tales of tracing the origins of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),human coronavirus HKU1(HCoV-HKU1),severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV)can enlighten the scientific search for the origins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Here,we detail key research studies on the origins of these four viruses.

关键词： respiratory acute SFTSV

A friend to man,"Dr.Feifan Tang:a story of causative agent of trachoma,from"Tang's virus"to Chlamydia trachomatis,to"Phylum Chlamydiae

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Protein & Cell 2011年第5期2卷 349-350页

作者： Guangsheng Cheng Ming Li George FGao Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

“Dr.Feifan Tang(F.F.Tang)was indeed‘a friend to man’as our old English eighteenth-century phrase has it;he loved the Chinese people and was a doughty fighter in the fundamental field of preventive medicine.With all friends here,I salute his memory and I am sure he will never be forgotten in China.”The famous British scientist Joseph Needham wrote this in 1979 in his letter to the then director of the National Vaccine&Serum Institute of China,when he received the obituary notice of Dr.F.F.Tang who had died in 1958.

关键词： has letter agent

Co-existence and co-infection of influenza A viruses and coronaviruses: Public health challenges

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 38-47页

作者： Jing Yang Yuhuan Gong Chunge Zhang Ju Sun Gary Wong Weifeng Shi Wenjun Liu George FGao Yuhai Bi CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Early-warning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institut Pasteur of Shanghai Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271016China

Since the 20th century,humans have lived through five pandemics caused by influenza A viruses(IAVs)(H1N1/1918,H2N2/1957,H3N2/1968,and H1N1/2009)and the coronavirus(CoV)severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).IAVs and CoVs both have broad host ranges and share multiple hosts.Virus co-circulation and even co-infections facilitate genetic reassortment among IAVs and recombination among CoVs,further altering virus evolution dynamics and generating novel variants with increased cross-species transmission risk.Moreover,SARS-CoV-2 may maintain longterm circulation in humans as seasonal IAVs.Co-existence and co-infection of both viruses in humans could alter disease transmission patterns and aggravate disease burden.Herein,we demonstrate how virus-host ecology correlates with the co-existence and co-infection of IAVs and/or CoVs,further affecting virus evolution and disease dynamics and burden,calling for active virus surveillance and countermeasures for future public health challenges.

关键词： infection maintain generating

Interpretation of the Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in China(Edition 8)

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China CDC weekly 2021年第25期3卷 527-530页

作者： Fengfeng Liu Canjun Zheng Liping Wang Mengjie Geng Hui Chen Sheng Zhou Lu Ran Zhongjie Li Yanping Zhang Zijian Feng George FGao Zhaorui Chang Division of Infectious Disease Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious DiseaseChina CDCBeijingChina National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention China CDCBeijingChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

BACKGROUND Since the release of Protocol for Prevention and Control of COVID-19(Edition 7),coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)control and prevention has been facing new challenges in China with evolving domestic and global epidemiological situations.Since September 2020,China has experienced more than 20 local outbreak waves,all of which were able to be contained within a few weeks.

关键词： prevention COV Edition

Reemergent Cases of COVID-19—Xinfadi Wholesales Market,Beijing Municipality,China,June 11,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第27期2卷 502-504页

作者： Wenjie Tan Peihua Niu Xiang Zhao Yang Pan Yong Zhang Lijuan Chen Li Zhao Yanhai Wang Dayan Wang Jun Han George FGao Chun Huang Wenbo Xu Guizhen Wu Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Health and Family Planning CommissionNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijingChina Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubeiChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

No new local coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases were reported in Beijing for over 56 days before the reemergent COVID-19 cases that were reported on June 11,2020,and more than 200 confirmed cases have been reported as of June 20 in Beijing.All confirmed COVID-19 cases were associated with Xinfadi Wholesale Market.Here,we reported the phylogenetic characteristics of the COVID-19 viruses(also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,SARS-CoV-2,and human coronavirus 2019,HCoV-19)sequenced from the clinical specimens of 2 human cases and 1 environmental sample.

关键词： cases acute respiratory

A decade of innovation to deepen the understanding of infectious diseases of poverty and foster their control and elimination

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第6期11卷 1-4页

作者： Dirk Engels Sheng‑lan Tang Colin DButler Ayoade MJOduola Tania Cde Araujo‑Jorge George FGao Jürg Utzinger Xiao‑Nong Zhou World Health Organization(Retired) GenevaSwitzerland Duke University DurhamUSA Australia National University CanberraAustralia University of Ibadan Research Foundation University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute Oswaldo Cruz Oswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de JaneiroBrazil Chinese Acad‑emy of Sciences BeijingPeople’s Republic of China Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute AllschwilSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghaiPeo‑ple’s Republic of China One Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University The University of EdinburghShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China

Exactly 10 years ago,on 25 October 2012,a group of scientists,policy-makers,and practitioners undertook an ambitious project to launch a new open-access journal,named Infectious Diseases of Poverty[1].The idea had originated from a think-tank put forth by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR),an organisation co-sponsored by the United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF),the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP),the World Bank,and the World Health Organization(WHO).Indeed,this think-tank published a comprehensive Global Report for Research on Infectious Diseases of Poverty[2]that guided the scope and remit of Infectious Diseases of Poverty.

关键词： UNICEF elimination originated

Description of the First Strain of 2019-nCoV,C-Tan-nCoV Wuhan Strain-National Pathogen Resource Center,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第6期2卷 81-82页

作者： Qiang Wei Yanhai Wang Juncai Ma Jun Han Mengnan Jiang Li Zhao Fei Ye Jingdong Song Bo Liu Linhuan Wu Wenjie Tan Guizhen Wu George FGao Jianjun Liu National Pathogen Resource Center Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChina CDCBeijingChina National Microbiology Data Center Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina.

The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia(NCIP)in China(1)has attracted much attention domestically and internationally.As the outbreak occurred,China carried out emergency responses quickly,notified the World Health Organization(WHO)in a timely manner,and shared the viral gene sequence with international communities immediately after pathogenic identification.

关键词： infected Strain Wuhan

Surveillance and Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Importation—China,January–June 2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第50期4卷 1136-1142页

作者： Yenan Feng Xiang Zhao Zeyuan Yin Changcheng Wu Zhixiao Chen Kai Nie Ruhan A Lili Li Peihua Niu Ji Wang Yuchao Wu Shiwen Wang Dayan Wang Wenjie Tan Huanyu Wang Xuejun Ma George FGao Cao Chen Wenbo Xu National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases BeijingChina.

Introduction:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)Omicron variant is the dominant circulating strain worldwide.To assess the importation of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the mainland of China during the Omicron epidemic,the genomic surveillance data of SARS-CoV-2 from imported coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases in the mainland of China during the first half of 2022 were analyzed.Methods:Sequences submitted from January to July 2022,with a collection date before June 30,2022,were incorporated.The proportions of SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the relationships between the origin and destination of each Omicron imported case were analyzed.Results:4,946 sequences of imported cases were submitted from 27 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs),and the median submission interval was within 1 month after collection.In 3,851 Omicron sequences with good quality,1 recombinant(XU)and 4 subvariants under monitoring(BA.4,BA.5,BA.2.12.1,and BA.2.13)were recorded,and 3 of them(BA.4,BA.5,and BA.2.12.1)caused local transmissions in the mainland of China later than that recorded in the surveillance.Omicron subvariants dominated in the first half of 2022 and shifted from BA.1 to BA.2 then to BA.4 and BA.5.The percentage of BA.2 in the imported SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data was far higher than that in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data(GISAID).The imported cases from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,accounted for 32.30%of Omicron cases sampled,and 98.71%of them were BA.2.Conclusions:The Omicron variant showed the intra-Omicron evolution in the first half of 2022,and all of the Omicron subvariants were introduced into the mainland of China multiple times from multiple different locations.

关键词： mainland imported submitted

The Initial Case of COVID-19—Shulan City,Jilin Province,China,May 8,2020

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China CDC weekly 2020年第25期2卷 458-459页

作者： Cao Chen Xiang Zhao Dayan Wang Juan Li Ao Wang Donglin Wu Zhixiao Chen Yuchao Wu Yao Meng Weifeng Shi George FGao Guizhen Wu Biao Huang Wenbo Xu National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Center for Biosafety Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention JilinChina Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical Universityand Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaianChina

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)was designated a global pandemic by the World Health Organization(WHO)on March 11,2020(1).After great effort,COVID-19 has been well-controlled in China,but new challenges have emerged due to increasing numbers of imported cases from outside of China.On May 8,the Health Commission of Jilin Province reported a confirmed COVID-19 case of a 45-year-old laundry woman from Shulan City in the northeast of China.This case was suspected to be associated with a possible importation event.

关键词： northeast outside Jilin