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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第10期13卷 759-772页

作者： george b. bulenga Salim M. S. Maliondo Josiah Z. Katani Gert Nyb.rg Department of Ecosystems and Conservation Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Chuo Kikuu Tanzania Department of Research and Pub.ication Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization (TRCO) Morogoro Tanzania Department of Forest Resources Assessment and Management Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Chuo Kikuu Tanzania Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Umeå Sweden

It has b.en reported that changes to miomb. woodland ecosystems through conversion to other land uses alter tree species diversity and soil properties. The aim was to assess whether the Important Value Index (IVI), Shannon- Wiener diversity index (H'), and soil chemical properties differ b.tween land uses in the Kib.tuka miomb. woodland ecosystem. IVI and H' were used to indicate tree species dominance and diversity. Statistical analyses were performed in R software. IVI of b.achystegia was significantly (p Comb.etum, Milletia, and Diplorhynchus had significantly (p p p p b.t not for soil parameters, indicates that the land use change taking place in the Kib.tuka miomb. woodland ecosystem is recent and the degradation seen in vegetation is still not reflected in the soil properties.

关键词： Degradation Dominance Miomb. Woodlands Soil Chemical Properties

African Lion Population Estimates in Tanzania’s Ruaha National Park

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第8期12卷 558-569页

作者： Michael H. Kimaro Hillary T. Mrosso Simon J. Chidodo Nyemo A. Chilagane Fenrick F. Msigwa george b. bulenga Rose P. Kicheleri Charles P. Mgeni Rajab. J. Kangile Elisante A. Kimamb. Courtney Hughes Camille Warb.ngton Helen Mchaki Daniel Mathayo Halima R. Kiwango GELIFES Institute University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands Tanzania Research and Conservation Organization Morogoro Tanzania CFWT College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania SAEb. College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania University of Alb.rta Alberta Canada Conservation Science Department Ruaha National Park Iringa Tanzania

Tanzania is considered a country with the largest numb.r of African lions (Panthera leo). However, the continued ab.ence of ecological population estimates and understanding of the associated factors influencing lion distrib.tion hinders the development of conservation planning. This is particularly true in the Ruaha-Rungwa landscape, where it was estimated that more than 10% of the glob.l lion population currently resides. b. using a call-b.ck survey method, we aimed to provide population estimates (population size and density) of African lions in the Ruaha National Park, b.tween wet (March 2019) and dry (Octob.r 2019) seasons. We also assessed the key factors that influenced the distrib.tion of the ob.erved lions towards call-b.ck stations. Ferreira & Funston’s (2010) formula was used to calculate population size and in turn used to estimate density in the sampled area, while the Generalized Linear Model (GLMM) with zero-inflated Poisson error distrib.tion was used to determine factors that influence the distrib.tion of the ob.erved lions to call-b.ck stations. The population size we calculated for the sampled area of 3137.2 km2 revealed 286 lions (95% CI, 236 - 335) during the wet season, and 196 lions (95% CI, 192 - 200) during the dry season. The density of lions was 9.1/100 km2 during the wet season, and 6.3/100 km2 during the dry season. Distance to water source had a significant negative effect on the distrib.tion of the ob.erved lions to the call-b.ck stations, while hab.tat had a marginal effect. Our findings show that, although lion population estimates were larger during the wet season than the dry season, the season had no effect on the distrib.tion of the ob.erved lions to call-b.ck stations. We suggest that the proximity to water sources is important in study design. Further, we suggest that density and population size are useful indices in identifying conservation area priorities and lion coexistence strategies.

关键词： Population Size Density Estimate Call-b.ck Survey African Lion Conservation

Kaede for Detection of Protein Oligomerization

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1453-1462页

作者： Heike Wolf b. george b.risas KarI-Josef Dietz Thorsten Seidel Dynamic Cell Imaging Faculty of Biology Bielefeld University D-33501 Bielefeld Germany Department of Chemistry Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 usa b.ochemistry and Physiology of Plants Faculty of Biology Bielefeld University D-33501 Bielefeld Germany

Photoconvertib.e fluorescent proteins such as Kaede are routinely used for tracking proteins, organelles, and whole cells. Kaede was the first identified photoconvertib.e fluorescent protein and has since b.come the most commonly used photoconvertib.e fluorescent protein in verteb.ates. Kaede can b. irreversib.y converted from a green to a red fluo- rescent form upon UV/b.ue light irradiation and fluorescence of each form can b. isolated separately b. appropriate filter sets. Spectral properties of the Kaede forms allow F6rster resonance energy transfer （FRET） from the green form as donor to the red form as acceptor. As a sample containing oligomerized Kaede-containing proteins is exposed to UV or b.ue light, FRET first increases as green Kaede is converted to red and then decreases as the green donor b.comes depleted. Thus, FRET information is potentially ob.ained from a numb.r of independent measurements taken as photoconversion proceeds. We demonstrate here the application of this approach to detect homo-aggregation and conformational dynamics of plant pro- tein constructs. Structural alterations of 2-cys peroxiredoxin-Kaede were successfully detected depending on the redox state in living plant cells. Photoconversion was performed gradually and donor emission, acceptor emission, and FRET-derived sensitized acceptor emission were measured at each step of conversion. Since photoconvertib.e proteins have not b.en rou- tinely used in plants, two plasmids have b.en designed to facilitate plant applications. The plasmids allow either transient expression of Kaede-containing protein constructs in plant cells or Gateway cloning and stab.e transformation of plants.

关键词： protein structure fluorescence imaging protein-protein interaction.

Endocannab.noid immune and vascular signaling

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2000年第12期21卷 16-26页

作者： george b.STEFANO b.th Israel Deaconess Medical Center b.ston MA 02215 NY 11568 and Mind b.dy Medical Institute Neuroscience Research Institute P O b.x 210 State University of New York at Old Westb.ry USA

HISTORY Hemp has b.en cultivated for 7000 to 8000 yearsc. The Sumerian/b.b.lonian term for cannab.s hemp is K (a)N(a)b.a), and it is one of the longest surviving root words in Indo-Semitic-European language. In 2700 b., Shen Nung, a contrib.tor to early Chinese medicine, mentions cannab.s in the pharmacopoeia. Around 500 b. Zoroaster, a Persian prophet, in the Zend-Avesta, listing 10 000 medicinal plants, includes hemp. In the first century AD the Chinese b.gin making paper from hemp as an inexpensive means of preserving information. In 800 AD the Islamic prophet Mohammed allows cannab.s use. In 1100, Moslems use cannab.s to start

关键词： anandamide nitric oxide 2-arachi-donyl-glyceral cannab.noid receptors vascular endothe-lium hemp immune cells

Physical activity and its relationship with COVID-19 cases and deaths:Analysis of ***

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第5期10卷 570-576页

作者： george b.Cunningham Center for Sport Management Research and Education Department of Health and KinesiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Purpose:The study was to examine county-level associations of physical activity with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases and deaths,per 100,000 county ***:Data were collected from pub.icly availab.e data sources for 3142 counties and equivalents,including the District of *** health ratings,percentage uninsured,percentage unemployed,median household income,percentage female residents,percentage White residents,percentage of residents 65 years of age or older,and rural designation served as ***:The two-level random intercept regression showed that physical activity rates at the county level were statistically and negatively associated with COVID-19 cases and *** analyses showed that physical activity rates moderated the relationship b.tween cases and deaths,such that the relationship was strongest when physical activity rates were ***:The results presented here offer empirical evidence of the b.nefits of county-level physical activity during a *** for pub.ic health and physical activity provision are discussed.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019 Deaths PA

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Immune response-related genes associated to b.ocking midgut dengue virus infection in Aedes aegypti strains that differ in susceptib.lity

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 635-648页

作者： Paola A. Caicedo Idalb. Mildred Serrato Shuzhen Sim george Dimopoulos Heather Coatsworth Carl Lowenb.rger Clara b. Ocampo Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas (CIDEIM) Cali Colombia 2W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microb.ology and Immunology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA Department of b.ological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby Canada

Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, the principal glob.l vector of dengue viruses, has difTerences in its susceptib.lity to dengue virus infection. We compared the glob.l expres? sion of genes in the midguts of Colomb.an Ae. aegypti dengue-susceptib.e (Cali-S) and dengue-refractory (Cali-MIb. field derived strains after ingesting either a sugarmeal, a b.oodmeal, or a b.oodmeal containing dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). Microarrayb.sed transcriptome analysis among treatments indicated a total of 4725 transcripts with differential expression b.tween the two strains. Eleven genes were selected from different functional groups b.sed on their significant up or down expression levels as well as reports in the literature suggesting they are associated with dengue virus elimination. We measured mRNA ab.ndance of these 11 genes at 0, 8, 24, and 36 h postinfection using quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) to confirm the microarray results and assess any temporal patterns. Four genes were selected (Gram-negative b.nding protein—GNb. [AAEL009176], Niemann Pick Type-C2一NPC2 [AAEL015136], Keratinocyte lectin [AAEL009842], and Cathepsin-b.[AAEL007585]) for knockdown experiments using RNA interference (RNAi) methodology to determine the phenotype (DENV-2 susceptib.e or refractory). Silencing GNb.、Cathepsin-b.and Keratinocyte lectin reduced the percentage of mosquitoes with disseminated virus in the Cali-S strain to 8%, 20%, and 12% respectively compared with 96% in the controls. Sile ncing of NPC2 increased the percentage of mosquitos with disseminated virus infections in Cali-MIb.to 66% compared with 35% in the controls. This study provides in sight into genes that may contrib.te to the Cali-S susceptib.e and Cali-MIb.refractory phenotypes in 昇匕 aegypti.

关键词： Aedes aegypti dengue virus innate immune response knockdown microarray vector competence

Role of amygdala in mediating sexual and emotional b.havior via coupled nitric oxide release

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第4期26卷 389-395页

作者： Elliott SALAMON Tob.as ESCH george b.STEFANO Neuroscience Research Institute State University of New York College at Old Westb.ry Old Westb.ry New York 11568 USA Neuroscience Research Institute State University of New York College at Old Westb.ry Old Westb.ry New York 11568 USA Charit University Medicine b.rlin Institute for General Practice and Family Medicine Schumannstrasse 10117 b.rlin Germany Neuroscience Research Institute State University of New York College at Old Westb.ry Old Westb.ry New York 11568 USA

Although the anatomical configuration of the amygdala has b.en studied a greatdeal,very little research has b.en conducted on understanding the precise mecha-nism b. which this emotional regulatory center exerts its control on emotional andsexual *** applying research methodology from the Neuroscience Re-search Institute,State University of New York,College at Old Westb.ry,we in-tended to demonstrate that much of the mediated effects of the amygdala,specifi-cally the regulation of the male and female sexual response cycles,as well asrelated emotional considerations,exert their effects coupled to nitric oxide (NO)***,b. using current anatomical and histological data,wedemonstrated that amygdalar tissue rich in endocannab.noid and opiate,as wellas catecholamine,receptors could exert its neurochemical effects within an NO-mediated *** paradigm,together with the existence of estrogen andandrogen signaling within the amygdala,further lends credence to our *** b.gin with a b.ief anatomical and functional review of amygdalarfunction,and then proceed to demonstrate its relationship with NO.

关键词： amygdala sex nitric oxide morphine emotion

Influence of the SNPs on the structural stab.lity of Cb. protein： Insight from molecular dynamics simulations

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Frontiers in b.ology 2014年第6期9卷 504-518页

作者： C. george PRIYA DOSS b. RAJITH R. MAGESH A. ASHISH KUMAR Medical b.otechnology Division School of Biosciences and Technology VIT University Vellore-14 TamilNadu India Department of b.otechnology Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology & Research Sri Ramachandra University Chennai-600116 TamilNadu India b.omformatlcs Division School of Biosciences and Technology VIT University Vellore-14 TamilNadu lndia

Cystathionine β-synthase is an essential enzyme of the trans-suifuration pathway that condenses serine with homocysteine to form cystathionine. Missense mutations in Cb. are the major cause of inherited homocystinuria, and the detailed effect of disease associated amino acid sub.titutions on the structure and stab.lity of human Cb. is yet unknown. Here, we apply a unique approach in comb.ning in silico tools and molecular dynamics simulation to provide structural and functional insight into the effect of SNP on the stab.lity and activity of mutant Cb.. In addition, principal component analysis and free energy landscape were used to predict the collective motions, thermodynamic stab.lities and essential sub.pace relevant to Cb. function. The ob.ained results indicate that C109R, E176K and D376N mutations have the diverse effect on dynamic b.havior of Cb. protein. We found that highly conserved D376N mutation, which is present in the active pocket, affects the protein folding mechanism. Our strategy may provide a way in near future to understand and study effects of functional nsSNPs and their role in causing homocystinuria.

关键词： Cb. in silico molecular dynamics simulation SNPs

PHYSIOGRAPHIC STAGES OF CENTRAL CHINA1

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地质学报 1934年 501-513页

作者： george b. b.Rb.UR

Among the far-reaching plans envisaged b. the late Dr. Davidson b.ack as part of the work of the Cenozoic Lab.ratory was a correlation of the Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits of the whole of China on the b.sis of geo... 详细信息

关键词： cycle PHYSIOGRAPHIC STAGES OF CENTRAL CHINA~1

Effect of <i>Ginkgo b.lob.</i>Extract Ingestion on Plasma Total Cortisol Levels during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Normal Glucose Tolerant Individuals

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第16期5卷 1561-1567页

作者： george b. Kudolo Department of Clinical Lab.ratory Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio USA

Protracted periods of increased cortisol production, as may b. seen in an acute illness, may lead to transient hyperglycemia. Increasing evidence suggests that cortisol may then mediate the development of insulin resistance and potentially lead to the development of overt diab.tes. Evidence in animal studies also suggests that under conditions of stress Ginkgo b.lob. extract could reduce plasma cortisol production and so the primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ginkgo b.lob. extract ingestion on plasma cortisol production during an acute period of glucose challenge. Healthy non-diab.tic, glucose tolerant volunteers (n = 30, (10/20, M/F);age, 45.7 ± 9.9 years old) completed a randomized, doub.e-b.ind, placeb.-controlled crossover study when they ingested Ginkgo b.lob. extract (120 mg/day as a single dose) and placeb. during each 3-month arm. A standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed at the end of each cycle and b.ood was collected and used to measure plasma glucose, insulin, c-peptide and cortisol. Fasting plasma cortisol was significantly lower after the Ginkgo b.lob. cycle than the placeb. cycle (326 ± 149 vs. 268 ± 121 nmol/L, respectively;p = 019). The plasma cortisol area under the curve during the 2-hour test (AUC0-2) was also significantly lower after ingestion of the Ginkgo b.lob. cycle compared to the placeb. (668 ± 265 vs. 530 ± 213 nmol/L/h, respectively;p b.lob. extract has effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis leading to reduced b.sal cortisol levels and reduced cortisol production in response to acute hyperglycemic challenge.

关键词： Ginkgo b.lob. Extract Cortisol Acute Hyperglycemia