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Metasurfaces: physics and applications in wireless communications

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 48-63页

作者： Vasileios G. Ataloglou Sajjad Taravati george V. Eleftheriades The Edward S.Rogers Sr.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Clarendon Laboratory Department of Physics University of Oxford

The ever increasing number of wireless devices and systems has led to a crowded spectrum and increased the demand for versatile and multi-functional wireless apparatuses. Recently, metasurfaces have been explored as a prominent technological solution to the current paradigm of spectrum scarcity by opportunistically sharing the spectrum with various users. In general, metasurfaces are passive/dynamic,ultra-compact, multi-functional and programmable structures that are capable of both reciprocal and nonreciprocal signal-wave transmissions. The controllability and programmability of such metasurfaces are governed through DC bias and occasionally a radio-frequency modulation applied to the active components of the unit cells of the metasurface, e.g. diodes and transistors. This article overviews some of the recently proposed passive and dynamic metasurfaces and shows that metasurfaces can enhance the performance of wireless communication systems thanks to their unique physical features such as real-time signal coding,nonreciprocal-beam radiation, nonreciprocal beamsteering amplification and advanced pattern-coding multiple access communication.

关键词： metasurface beamsteering beamforming wireless communication time modulation wave engineering

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“振”当选“2023年度国内字”（英文）

新世纪智能 2024年第31期 8-8页

作者： george

The Chinese character "zhen",meaning "vitalize",was named the nation's most popular character related to domestic affairs this year,while the character "wei",meaning "risk" or "crisis",was chosen as the hottest for international *** characters are among a list of popular words,as well as phrases,collected in an annual assessment organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education's National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house.

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Persistently Rising Alpha-fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第1期10卷 159-163页

作者： Alla Turshudzhyan george Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide,is known for its grim prognosis,with untreated life expectancy being only a matter of months after the *** difficulty in making a diagnosis early is one of the main contributing factors to the poor ***-fetoprotein(AFP)had long been used as a surveillance tool,but suboptimal specificity and sensitivity has prompted liver societies to abandon the recommendation for its universal use,even in combination with *** studies have shown no obvious correlation between serum AFP level and HCC tumor size,stage,or survival ***,some studies concluded that a gradual rise or persistent elevation in AFP were positive predictors for tumor *** studies reported a fall in AFP followed by a rise in patients with HCC as well as persistently rising AFP levels without development of HCC on follow *** calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of persistently rising AFP for HCC were both low,at 60%and 35.8%,respectively,indicating that the presence of persistently rising AFP per se did not offer diagnostic *** addition,our calculated mean slopes of persistently rising AFP levels in HCC and non-HCC patients were numerically very different,but the difference was not statistically *** conclude that the published data do not support a role for rising AFP levels per se in the diagnosis of HCC.

关键词： Alpha-fetoprotein,AFP Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC Cancer screening

Update on Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第3期10卷 515-521页

作者： Jaimy Villavicencio Kim george Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction(SOD)encompasses a spectrum of clinical syndromes that are not fully understood,and various diagnostic and therapeutic methods have had varying results depending on the type of *** review explored various mechanisms that might play a role in SOD and methods of diagnosis and *** is important to rule out other causes of abdominal pain with laboratory testing,imaging studies,and endoscopic *** that affect sphincter motility should be identified as *** is the gold standard for diagnosis but it is not always *** example,patients with type I SOD may have symptomatic improvement with sphincterotomy without need for a diagnostic *** scintigraphy and fatty meal sonography may also have diagnostic *** is not always effective for symptomatic improvement in type II and III *** therapies with calcium channel blockers and botulinum toxin have been studied and might be considered as options after discussing the risks and benefits with the patients.

关键词： Sphincter of Oddi Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Common bile duct Manometry Sphincterotomy

State of health based battery reconfiguration for improved energy efficiency

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第4期20卷 443-455页

作者： Le Yi Wang george Yin Yi Ding Caiping Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202USA Department of Mathematics University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA US Army CCDC Ground Vehicle Systems Center in Warren WarrenMI 48397USA School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China

This paper analyzes the system-level state of health(SOH)and its dependence on the SOHs of its component battery *** to stochastic natures of battery aging processes and their dependence on charge/discharge rate and depth,operating temperature,and environment conditions,capacities of battery modules decay unevenly and *** on estimated SOHs of battery modules during battery operation,we analyze how the SOH of the entire system deteriorates when battery modules age and become increasingly diverse in their capacities.A rigorous mathematical analysis of system-level capacity utilization is *** is shown that for large battery strings with uniformly distributed capacities,the average string capacity approaches the minimum,implying an asymptotically near worst-case capacity utility without *** is demonstrated that the overall battery usable capacities can be more efficiently utilized to achieve extended operational ranges by using battery *** optimal regrouping algorithm is *** methods,simulation examples,and a case study using real-world battery data are presented.

关键词： Battery system State of health Battery aging Capacity utilization Energy efficiency Battery regrouping

3种平台Delta-Omicron嵌合RBD二聚体新型冠状病毒疫苗的免疫原性头对头比较

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科学通报 2024年第10期69卷 1351-1360页

作者：杨康吉徐坤张丽君韩雨旋周东明夏乾峰戴连攀高福海南医学院热带医学院热带转化医学教育部重点实验室海口571199 中国科学院北京生命科学研究院免疫与健康联合研究中心北京100101 中国科学院微生物研究所中国科学院病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室北京100101 天津医科大学基础医学院天津300070

新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)在全球范围内流行,对公共卫生和人民生命健康造成了巨大威胁,新冠病毒疫苗的研发和使用对预防疾病和控制疫情起到了关键作用.基于包括重组蛋白亚单位、病毒载体、mRNA脂纳米颗粒在内的多种技术平台开发的疫苗都... 详细信息

新型冠状病毒(新冠病毒)在全球范围内流行,对公共卫生和人民生命健康造成了巨大威胁,新冠病毒疫苗的研发和使用对预防疾病和控制疫情起到了关键作用.基于包括重组蛋白亚单位、病毒载体、mRNA脂纳米颗粒在内的多种技术平台开发的疫苗都获得了使用.然而,由于抗原设计的差异、免疫剂量和注射间隔的差别,不同疫苗平台之间的免疫效果无法直接比较.因此,本研究以Delta-Omicron嵌合RBD二聚体为免疫原,对广泛使用的3个疫苗平台(重组蛋白亚单位疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗和mRNA疫苗)进行了免疫原性头对头比较,通过小鼠模型比较了它们同源接种和序贯接种所诱导的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应的差异.结果显示,小鼠在免疫同源的两剂疫苗后,m RNA疫苗诱导的结合抗体和中和抗体滴度都最高,其次分别是重组蛋白亚单位疫苗和腺病毒载体疫苗;异源加强免疫的结果显示,不管是以重组蛋白亚单位疫苗、腺病毒载体疫苗或者mRNA疫苗初免,以mRNA疫苗作为第2针加强免疫均能诱导更强的体液免疫反应.此外,在疫苗激发的细胞免疫方面,mRNA疫苗诱导了较强的CD4^(+)T细胞反应,腺病毒载体疫苗诱导了较强的CD8^(+)T细胞反应,而亚单位疫苗刺激的细胞免疫反应以CD4^(+)T细胞为主,但在强度上较弱.本研究具有重要的应用价值,为未来新一代的新冠病毒疫苗研发和接种策略提供了指导.

关键词：新型冠状病毒亚单位疫苗腺病毒载体疫苗 m RNA疫苗抗体 T细胞

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Composition design of high-entropy alloys with deep sets learning

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 834-844页

作者： Jie Zhang Chen Cai george Kim Yusu Wang Wei Chen Department of Mechanical Materialsand Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicagoIL60616USA Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA

High entropy alloys(HEAs)are an important material class in the development of next-generation structural materials,but the astronomically large composition space cannot be efficiently explored by experiments or first-principles *** learning(ML)methods might address this challenge,but ML of HEAs has been hindered by the scarcity of HEA property *** this work,the EMTO-CPA method was used to generate a large HEA dataset(spanning a composition space of 14 elements)containing 7086 cubic HEA structures with structural properties,1911 of which have the complete elastic tensor *** elastic property dataset was used to train a ML model with the Deep Sets *** Deep Sets model has better predictive performance and generalizability compared to other ML *** rule mining was applied to the model predictions to describe the compositional dependence of HEA elastic properties and to demonstrate the potential for data-driven alloy design.

关键词： alloys alloy entropy

Exploring speeding behavior using naturalistic car driving data from smartphones

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第6期10卷 1162-1173页

作者： Armira Kontaxi Dimosthenis-Marios Tzoutzoulis Apostolos Ziakopoulos george Yannis Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering National Technical University of AthensZografou 15773AthensGreece

The present research aimed to identify critical factors that affect speeding *** that purpose,high-resolution smartphone data collected from a naturalistic driving experiment of 88 drivers were utilized,augmented with data from self-reported *** risk exposure and driving behavior indicators calculated from smartphone sensor data,as well as demographic characteristics and self-reported driving performance,statistical analysis was carried out for modelling the percentage of driving time over the speed limit,namely by means of generalized linear mixed-effects *** precisely,an overall model was developed for all road environments,and additional separate models were developed for driving on urban and rural *** results from the interpretation of the estimated parameters of the models can be summarized as follows:the parameters of trip distance and mobile phone use while driving have been determined as statistically significant and positively correlated with the percentage of speeding time during a driver's *** the same context,male drivers and drivers in the age group of18-34 also increase the percentages of speeding instances while *** driving behavior as stated on the questionnaire,it seems that low frequencies of self-declared speeding(never or rarely)are statistically significant and negatively correlated with the percentage of speeding *** is expected that this research can provide considerable gains to society,since the stakeholders including policy makers and industry could rely on the results and recommendations regarding risk factors that appear to be critical for safe driving.

关键词： Road safety Driving behavior Speeding Big data Smartphone application

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Impact of artificial intelligence in the management of esophageal,gastric and colorectal malignancies

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 1-14页

作者： Ayrton Bangolo Nikita Wadhwani Vignesh K Nagesh Shraboni Dey Hadrian Hoang-Vu Tran Izage Kianifar Aguilar Auda Auda Aman Sidiqui Aiswarya Menon Deborah Daoud James Liu Sai Priyanka Pulipaka Blessy george Flor Furman Nareeman Khan Adewale Plumptre Imranjot Sekhon Abraham Lo Simcha Weissman Department of Internal Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States Department of Medicine Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States

The incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies has increased over the past decade at an alarming *** and gastric cancers are the third and fifth most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide but are cited as the second and third leading causes of *** institution of appropriate therapy from timely diagnosis can optimize patient *** intelligence(AI)-assisted diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic tools can assist in expeditious diagnosis,treatment planning/response prediction,and post-surgical *** can intercept neoplastic lesions in their primordial stages,accurately flag suspicious and/or inconspicuous lesions with greater accuracy on radiologic,histopathological,and/or endoscopic analyses,and eliminate over-dependence on ***-based models have shown to be on par,and sometimes even outperformed experienced gastroenterologists and *** neural networks(state-of-the-art deep learning models)are powerful computational models,invaluable to the field of precision *** models not only reliably classify images,but also accurately predict response to chemotherapy,tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival rates *** this systematic review,we analyze the available evidence about the diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic utility of artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal oncology.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal malignancies Machine learning Helicobacter pylori State-of-the-art deep learning models