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Multiplex RT-PcR-based detections of cEA, cK20 and EGFR in colorectal cancer patients

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5965-5974页

作者： Aikaterini Tsouma chrysanthi Aggeli Panagiotis Lembessis george N zografos Dimitris P Korkolis Dimitrios Pectasides Maria Skondra Nikolaos Pissimissis Anastasia Tzonou Michael Koutsilieris Department of Experimental Physiology Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Third Department of Surgery Athens General Hospital "G. Gennimatas" Department of Surgical Oncology Hellenic Anticancer Institute "Saint Savvas" Hospital Endo/OncoResearch Medical center Department of Surgical Oncology Hellenic Anticancer Institute "Saint Savvas" Hospital 11522 Athens Greece Second Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutic Oncology Section University of Athens Attikon University Hospital Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

AIM: To develop a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PcR) method detecting cir-culating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer (cRc) patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 88 cRc patients and 40 healthy individuals from the blood donors' clinic and subsequently analyzed by multiplex RT-RcR for the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (cEA), cytokeratin 20 (cK20) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA. The analysis involved determining the detection rates of cEA, cK20 and EGFR transcripts vs disease stage and overall survival. Median follow-up period was 19 mo (range 8-28 mo). RESULTS: Rates of cEA, cK20 and EGFR detection in cRc patients were 95.5%, 78.4% and 19.3%, respectively. cEA transcripts were detected in 3 healthy volunteer samples (7.5%), whereas all control samples were tested negative for cK20 and EGFR transcripts. The increasing number of positive detections for cEA, cK20 and EGFR transcripts in each blood sample was positively correlated with Astler-coller disease stage (PcEA (P=0.029) in cRc patients. Data analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator documented signif icant differences in the overall survival of the different cRc patient groups as formed according to the increasing number of positivity for cEA, cK20 and EGFR transcripts. cONcLUSION: These data suggest that multiplex RTPcR assay can provide useful information concerning disease stage and overall survival of cRc patients.

关键词： Peripheral blood carcinoembryonic antigen cytokeratin 20 Epidermal growth factor receptor Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

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Time derivative of earthquake acceleration

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2005年第1期4卷 1-16页

作者： george c. Lee Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261-0025 USAProfessor

Unlike acceleration, velocity, and displacement, the time derivative ofacceleration (TDoA) of ground motion has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the basiccharacteristics of TDoA are evaluated based on records from the 1999 chi-chi, earthquake (Mw 7.6)and one of its aftershocks (Mw 6.2). It is found that the maximum TDoA at a free-field station wasover 31,200 cm/s3 (31.8 g/s); and the duration of 'strong' TDoA, between the first and the last timepoints exceeding 2,000 cm/s3 (2 g/s), was almost one minute near the epicenter area. Since groundTDoA sensors are not commonly available, the time series are calculated by direct numericaldifferentiation of acceleration time series. Relative error analysis shows that the error isnon-transitive and total error is within 4%. The density function of TDoA amplitude, frequencycontent and spatial distribution of peak ground jerk (PGJ) are evaluated. The study also includesexamination of some TDoA responses from a seven-story building and comparison of ground TDoA withthe limit TDoA used in the transportation industry for ride comfort. Some potential impacts of TDoAon humans have also been reviewed.

关键词： time derivation of acceleration peak ground jerk acceleration time series earthquake ground motion earthquake effect on human activities

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Urban china in Transformation:Hybrid Economy,Juxtaposed Space,and New Testing Ground for Geographical Enquiries

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chinese Geographical Science 2011年第1期21卷 1-16页

作者： george c S LIN Department of Geography University of Hong Kong

History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of china's urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. china's phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban china has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.

关键词： urban geography urbanization chinese cities political economy china

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陪都重庆的灯下黑:袍哥与烟毒治理失败之原因

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历史教学问题 2024年第1期 76-83,91,206页

作者：李靖魏楚雄外交学院外交学与外事管理系 100037 河南大学历史文化学院 475001

烟毒是影响近代中国的一个重大问题。南京国民政府执政后,在国联指导下展开了全面的禁毒运动;甚至在抗战期间迁都重庆后,它也仍未放弃对烟毒的治理。但是,国民政府对于重庆社会乃至整个西南地区的控制深度依赖于地方势力和袍哥组织,因... 详细信息

烟毒是影响近代中国的一个重大问题。南京国民政府执政后,在国联指导下展开了全面的禁毒运动;甚至在抗战期间迁都重庆后,它也仍未放弃对烟毒的治理。但是,国民政府对于重庆社会乃至整个西南地区的控制深度依赖于地方势力和袍哥组织,因为后者在重庆存在已久,已深入到了重庆社会乃至四川的方方面面,甚至包括国民政府的军政系统。然而,袍哥组织本身又是该地区毒品贸易的枢纽和保护伞。如此一来,国民政府在重庆的禁毒措施便难以加以推进,这就是陪都重庆治理烟毒失败的原因,它在很大程度上说明了地方势力在国家治理当中的重要作用。

关键词：烟毒治理袍哥帮会地方势力战时重庆

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Optimization of the Pretreatment of the Mixture of cassava Peelings and Pineapple Fibers Using Response Surface Methodology and a Process Simulator for the Bioethanol Production

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 79-96页

作者： Paul Nestor Djomou Djonga george Elambo Nkeng Madjoyogo Hervé Sirma Ahmat Tom Thierry Tchamba Tchuidjang Department of Textile and Leather Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padova Padova Italy Institut du Génie des Systèmes Industriels et textiles Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina-Faso Department of Energy Engineering University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Process Engineering National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The increase in oil prices and greenhouse gas emissions has led to the search for substitutes for fossil fuels. In cameroon, the abundance of lignocellulosic resources is inherent to agricultural activity. Production of bioethanol remains a challenge given the crystallinity of cellulose and the presence of the complex. The pretreatment aimed to solubilize the lignin fraction and to make cellulose more accessible to the hydrolytic enzymes, was done using the organosolv process. A mathematical modeling was performed to point out the effect of the temperature on the kinetics of the release of the reducing sugars during the pretreatment. Two mathematical model was used, SAEMAN’s model and Response surface methodology. The first show that the kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of the cellulose and reducing sugar are: 0.05089 min-1, 5358.1461 J·mol-1, 1383.03691 min-1, 51577.6100 J·mol-1 respectively. The second model was used. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. To release the maximum, an organosolv pre-treatment of this sub-strate should be carried out at 209.08°c for 47.60 min with an ethanol-water ratio of 24.02%. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure.

关键词： Bioethanol cassava Peeling Pineapple Fibers Organosolv Process and Optimization

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Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory course, in Relation to Recent Data

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Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications 2024年第3期16卷 316-339页

作者： Gerasimos Vlassopoulos george Albert Karikas Efstathia Papageorgiou Ioannis Psaromiligkos Niki Giannouli Pigi Vlassopoulou Petros Karkalousos Department of Biomedical Sciences University of West Attica Athens Greece

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

关键词： Information and communication Technologies (IcT) Distance Learning E-Learning Students’ Opinions Education in Greece I.c.T. in Greece Students Pupils Adults Adult Students MOODLE MOOc (V.H.S.) Vocational High Schools (S.H.V.T.) Schools of Higher Vocational Training Vocational Profession Interactive Lessons courses Training Laboratory course Secondary Education Automotive Systems car Systems

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From the editors:special issue announcement

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第2期8卷 251-261页

作者： Wang Zhiqiang george c. Lee Department of Bridge Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York USA

A comparative study of selected bridge damage due to the Wenchuan, Northridge, Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes is described in this paper. Typical ground motion effects considered include large ground fault displacement, liquefaction, landslide, and strong ground shaking. Issues related to falling spans, inadequate detailing for structural ductility and complex bridge configurations are discussed within the context of the recent seismic design codes of china and the US. A significant lesson learned from the Great Wenchuan earthquake, far beyond the opportunities to improve the seismic design provisions for bridges, is articulated.

关键词： bridge damage Wenchuan earthquake Northridge earthquake Loma Prieta earthquake San Fernandoearthquake ground motion liquefaction landslide

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Towards establishing practical multi-hazard bridge design limit states

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第3期12卷 333-340页

作者： Zach Liang george c.Lee Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Unidersity at Buffalo Depart of civil Structural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo

In the U.S., the current Load and Resistance Factor Design （LRFD） Specifications for highway bridges is a reliability-based formulation that considers failure probabilities of bridge components due to the actions of typical dead load and frequent vehicular loads. Various extreme load effects, such as earthquake and vessel collision, are on the same reliability-based platform. Since these extreme loads are time variables, combining them with not considered frequent. non- extreme loads is a significant challenge. The number of design limit state equations based on these failure probabilities can be unrealistically large and unnecessary from the view point of practical applications. Based on the opinion of AASHTO State Bridge Engineers, many load combinations are insignificant in their states. This paper describes the formulation of a criterion to include only the necessary load combinations to establish the design limit states. This criterion is established by examining the total failure probabilities for all possible time-invariant and time varying load combinations and breaking them down into partial terms. Then, important load combinations can be readily determined quantitatively,

关键词： multi-hazards load and resistance factor design re.liability based bridge design specifications design limit state equations

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Towards multiple hazard resilient bridges:a methodology for modeling frequent and infrequent time-varying loads Part I,comprehensive reliability and partial failure probabilities

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2012年第3期11卷 293-301页

作者： Zach Liang george c.Lee Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University at Buffalo Department of civil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo

The current AASHTO load and resistance factor design （LRFD） guidelines are formulated based on bridge reliability, which interprets traditional design safety factors into more rigorously deduced factors based on the theory of probability. This is a major advancement in bridge design specifications. However, LRFD is only calibrated for dead and live loads. In cases when extreme loads are significant, they need to be individually assessed. combining regular loads with extreme loads has been a major challenge, mainly because the extreme loads are time variables and cannot be directly combined with time invariant loads to formulate the probability of structural failure. To overcome these difficulties, this paper suggests a methodology of comprehensive reliability, by introducing the concept of partial failure probability to separate the loads so that each individual load combination under a certain condition can be approximated as time invariant. Based on these conditions, the extreme loads （also referred to as multiple hazard or MH loads） can be broken down into single effects. In Part II of this paper, a further breakdown of these conditional occurrence probabilities into pure conditions is discussed by using a live truck and earthquake loads on a bridge as an example. There are three major steps in establishing load factors from MH load distributions：（1） formulate the failure probabilities; （2） normalize various load distributions; and （3） establish design limit state equations. This paper describes the formulation of the failure probabilities of single and combined loads.

关键词： multiple hazards bridge probability-based design comprehensive reliability partial failure probability

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Bridge pier failure probabilities under combined hazard effects of scour, truck and earthquake. Part Ⅰ: occurrence probabilities

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第2期12卷 229-240页

作者： Zach Liang george c. Lee Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Unidersity at Buffalo Depart of civil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo

In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resistance factor design （LRFD） specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and nonextreme live loads. Design against earthquake loads is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction （or increased scour depth）. Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation, because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based bridge failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle of treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. The individual and combined partial failure probabilities due to truck, earthquake and scour effects are described. To explain the method of including non-force-based natural hazards effects, two types of common scour failures are considered. In Part 11, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load are quantitatively discussed.

关键词： multi-hazards load and resistance factor design bridge scour

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