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Seed production,seed dispersal and seedling establishment of two afromontane tree species in and around a church forest：implications for forest restoration

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第4期3卷 287-296页

作者： Abrham Abiyu Demel Teketay Gerhard Glatzel georg gratzer Amhara Agricultural Research Institute P. O. Box 527 Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Crop Science and Production Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources Private Bag 0027 Gaborone Botswana Institute of Forest Ecology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Peter Jordan Strage 82 A-1190 Vienna Austria

Background：Seed production,seed dispersal and seedling establishment are relevant life phases of *** these processes and their patterns is essential to recognize vegetation dynamics and to apply it to forest ***：For Olea europaea and Schefflera abyssinica,fecundity was estimated using randomized branch *** dispersal and seedling establishment were monitored using spatially explicit seed traps and *** functions were calibrated applying inverse ***：*** produced more seeds and had longer dispersal distances compared to *** between observed and predicted number of recruits were statistically *** of the two species showed different niche ***：The studied species were recruitment-limited due to low dispersal activity or lack of suitable *** relying on natural regeneration should overcome these limitations by increasing disperser visitation and reducing biotic and abiotic stresses.

关键词： Fecundity Olea europaea Schefflera abyssinica Recruitment limitation Restoration

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Species Richness, Diversity and Density of Understory Vegetation along Disturbance Gradients in the Himalayan Conifer Forest

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1182-1191页

作者： Kesang WANGCHUK András DARABANT Prem Bahadur RAI Maria WURZINGER Werner ZOLLITSCH georg gratzer University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems Division of Livestock SciencesGregor Mendel Strasse 33A Vienna 1180 Austria Renewable Natural Resources Research and Development Center University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Department of Forest and Soil Sciences Institute of Forestry Ecology Peter Jordan Strasse 82A Vienna 1190 Austria

We investigated whether species richness, diversity and density of understory herbaceous plants differed along logging(gap) and grazing(primarily by cattle) disturbance gradients, and sought to identify drivers of richness, diversity and density of understory vegetation of logged sites. A factorial experiment was conducted in the mixed conifer forest of Gidakom in Western Bhutan. Levels of the logging treatment included small(0.15 – 0.24 ha), medium(0.25 – 0.35 ha) and large(0.36 – 1.31 ha) gaps. The grazing treatment included grazed(primarily by cattle) and ungrazed(where herbivores were excluded by a fence) plots nested within each gap. Data were collected from 12 gaps(4 replicates at each level of logging) using the point intercept method. Shannon Weaver Diversity and Margalef's indices were used to estimate species diversity and describe species richness, respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and nutrients. The interaction effect of logging and grazing was significant(p≤0.001) only on species diversity. Relative to ungrazed areas, species diversity was significantly higher(0.01≤p≤0.05) in medium grazed gaps. Under grazed conditions, soil P was negatively correlated with gap size and species diversity. While species diversity was positivelycorrelated(0.01≤p≤0.05) with soil N in grazed plots species richness was positively correlated(0.001≤p≤0.01) with soil N in ungrazed plots. Relative density of Yushania microphylla and Carex nubigena were higher under ungrazed conditions. Our study suggests that the combined effect of cattle grazing and logging results in higher species diversity of understory vegetation in medium and grazed gaps in mixed conifer forests of Bhutan,whereas increase or decrease in relative density of major species is determined primarily by the independent effects of grazing and logging. From management perspective, forest managers must refrain from creating large gaps to avoid loss of nutrients(mainly P and N), which may eventually aff

关键词： Forest gap Grazing Relative density Soil nutrients Species diversity Species richness

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