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Assessing Tree Species Dominance along an Agro Ecological Gradient in the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya

Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第11期4卷 662-670页

作者： mwangi James Kinyanjui Chris A. Shisanya Ondimu Ken Nyabuti Wargute Patrick Waqo Merceline Awuor Ojwala Department of Geography Egerton University Njoro Kenya Department of Geography Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing Nairobi Kenya

Species relative dominance by basal area was assessed along an agro ecological gradient in the Mau Forest Complex (MFC). Trees were recorded per species and diameter at breast height (D1.3) for size class D1.3 ≥ 10 cm in 60 quarter hectare plots distributed in 7 agro ecological zones (AEZ) namely LH1, LH2, LH3, LH4, UH0, UH1 and UH2. Basal area per species was used to calculate species relative dominance i.e. the proportion of basal area by a species to the total basal area of the AEZ. Species associations were analysed as the group of highly ranked species in each AEZ. Sorensons similarity index was used to calculate the proportion of similar species among AEZ. Analysis of variance compared basal area among AEZ and Tukey’s multiple comparison test used to identify specific AEZ with differences. Tabernaemontana stapfiana (Britten) was ranked first in LH1, UH1 and UH0 with relative dominance values of 22.66%, 22.89% and 30.73% respectively. It was however not recorded in any other AEZs. Dombeya goetzenii (K. Schum) occurred in 6 of the 7 AEZs but had moderate dominance values in each of the 6 AEZs. The sum of dominance values per species in all AEZs indicated no species mono-dominance and different species dominated at different AEZs. Co-dominance resulted in species associations like Tabernaemontana-Allophylus-Eke-bergia-Albizia in LH1, Juniperus-Dombeya-Casearia-Prunus in LH2, Acokanthera-Cussonia-Olea-Teclea in LH4 and Tabernaemontana-Syzygium-Podocarpus-Neoboutonia in UH1. Species richness was highest in UH1 and had the highest similarity indices with those of other AEZs. The UH1 had a species similarity of 67% with LH1, 63% with LH2 and 56% with LH4. However, species in the very humid zone UH0 differed with those of the drier lower highland zones (UH0 vs LH3 and vs LH4 = 31% and 37% respectively). Basal area differed significantly among AEZ ( = 3.76) showing that they differ in stocking levels. Tukeys test showed that high potential zones of LH1, LH2, UH0, UH1 d

关键词： Species Dominance Basal Area Agro Ecological Zoning

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An Inventory of the Above Ground Biomass in the Mau Forest Ecosystem,Kenya

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第10期4卷 619-627页

作者： mwangi James Kinyanjui Petri Latva-Kayra Prasad Sah Bhuwneshwar Patrick Kariuki Alfred Gichu Kepha Wamichwe Department of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing NairobiKenya Arbonaut Oy Ltd. HelsinkiFinland PASCO Corporation TokyoJapan Kenya Forest Service NairobiKenya Natural Resource Information&Technology Ltd. NairobiKenya

Biomass assessment of the Mau Forest Ecosystem (MFE) was done as part of Kenya’s greenhouse gas inventory. Trans Mara and Mount Londiani forest blocks representing extremes of vegetation types in the MFE were selected for ground data. Based on canopy closure, four forest strata were identified as very dense, moderately dense, open and bamboo. In each stratum, 5 clusters each with 4 plots measuring 30 m × 30 m were located. Big trees (D1.3 ≥ 10 cm) were measured per species for diameter at breast height (D1.3) in the whole plot while height was measured for every 5th tree. Poles (10 cm > D1.3 ≤ 5) were measured for D1.3 in a 10 × 10 m concentric sub plot. Saplings (5 cm > D1.3;ht ≥ 1.5 m) and seedlings (ht < 1.5 m) were enumerated per species within 5 × 5 m and 2 × 2 m concentric sub plots, respectively. Data were recorded in a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and quality checked with Open Foris Collect software. Allometric equations that have been used for similar vegetation in Kenya were used to relate D1.3 and height with biomass. The tree data were uploaded to ArboWebForest (AWF) cloud-service and using the AWF-SIMO calculation tool, average values of diameter, height, and biomass were calculated for each plot. The data were generalised to cover all areas for each block using the Sparse Bayesian linear regression process on the vegetation characteristics with 10 m resolution ALOS-AVNIR-2 images of the MFE. ANOVA was used to compare biomass generated from several allometric equations. Results show that the average biomass of the MFE was 236 Mg·ha1. Degradation that converts dense forests into open and moderately dense forests contributed to a biomass loss of 228 Mg·ha1 and 194 Mg·ha1 respectively. Four allometric equations gave no significant difference (P < 0.05) in biomass for the 80 plots implying that costly processes of developing new equations may not improve accuracy. The study offers a learning lesson in Kenya’s forest inventory processes and the biomass v

关键词： Forest Biomass Inventory

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创新实践对肯尼亚内罗毕证券交易所上市公司绩效的影响

创新实践对肯尼亚内罗毕证券交易所上市公司绩效的影响

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作者：爱德文（mwangi Edwin Giita）首都经济贸易大学

学位级别：硕士

在当今高度竞争的环境中,企业需要额外的优势来提高竞争力和创新,这是保持竞争力的一种方式。创新旨在精简组织流程,以提高效率和绩效水平。许多NSE的上市公司都受到了全球竞争的影响,外国公司导致了大多数本土公司无法参与的竞争。此外... 详细信息

在当今高度竞争的环境中,企业需要额外的优势来提高竞争力和创新,这是保持竞争力的一种方式。创新旨在精简组织流程,以提高效率和绩效水平。许多NSE的上市公司都受到了全球竞争的影响,外国公司导致了大多数本土公司无法参与的竞争。此外,与本地生产的商品相比,顾客更喜欢进口商品。这反过来又降低了当地公司的盈利能力,因为这降低了他们的销售营业额。创新的复制粘贴模式似乎影响着本土企业的竞争力,这与创新管理实践密切相关,而仔细审视本土企业尤其是NSE上市公司的绩效是影响本土上市公司绩效的关键因素。为了突出创新实践对新兴经济体银行业和整体经济绩效的影响,已经在当地和全球进行了许多研究,但是,没有研究关注创新实践对肯尼亚内罗毕证券交易所(NSE)上市公司绩效的影响,本研究希望确定的一种现象。本研究通过对NSE中所有上市公司进行描述性研究设计来实现这一点。这项研究依赖于使用问卷调查的两个主要数据。研究发现,在NSE上市公司中,创新实践与绩效之间存在显著的统计学关系。控制变量公司规模有显著影响,而公司类型没有显著影响。研究发现,政府政策在创新实践与企业绩效之间具有调节作用。研究建议,企业应加大对研发、员工培训和发展的投入,将创新商业化,并与其他企业合作,以加强创新,从而提高企业绩效。此外,肯尼亚政府应审查其政策,以加强肯尼亚境内企业的创新活动。

关键词：创新实践公司规模公司类型组织绩效内罗毕证券交易所上市公司

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Silage making by smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya:potential and constraints of small bag silage

Silage making by smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya:potentia...

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ⅩⅪ International Grassland Congress and the Ⅷ International Rangeland Congress

作者： J.N.Methu D.M.mwangi L.Karienye Land O’ Lakes P.O.Box 45006 Nairobi Kenya and Kenya Agricultural Research Institute(KARI) P.O.Box 57811-00200 Nairobi Kenya

＜正＞Introduction In Kenya more than 80%of the marketed milk is produced by smallholder dairy *** season feeding has been identified as a major constraint to dairy production among smallholder dairy *** production and pricing in Kenya fluctuates with the climatic seasonal patterns,resulting in over-supply during wet season and shortages in the dry season. Conservation of forage is a potential solution to better feeding of dairy cows during the dry *** conservation

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Management Issues and Service Delivery Challenges in Lesotho and Possible Solutions

Management Issues and Service Delivery Challenges in Lesotho...

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2010公共管理国际会议（第六届）

作者： Oscar mwangi Liront'so Raliile Monyane Rakharebe Nthuseng Nkhethoa Ntlatlapa Mosae Head of Public Administration and Political Science Department National University of Lesotho Urban and Regional Planning Student National University of Lesotho Information Systems Student National University of Lesotho LLB Student of National University of Lesotho

This paper aims to explore the management issues and service delivery *** most of administrators have tried in all aspects to make service delivery and management effective and efficient,this has not been an easy task to carry out specifically because of the reigning situation of society that hesitates to adapt to new policies in developing ***,there are measures that can benefit the state in management issues and service delivery *** are two sides to this as there are to a coin;hence the paper will discuss both the challenges and the *** an aim there is no system,a government’s aim should incorporate purpose and values and also provide direction without being directive to its citizens.A good government or organisation should also encourage creativity so that it becomes easy for the citizens to adapt *** essay views wide usage of technologies as a very good instrument to promote service delivery because findings show that,"These technologies are meeting client’s various and individual requirements and reflect the increasing demand for service in virtual environment." This may often work effectively in areas where majority of the population is computer literate and have access to such *** the quality of service delivery can enable the Information Technology providers to create differentiation in order to gain profitability and competitive advantage which will in turn not only develop the human resource but also improve the quality of service and efficiency as *** to Dabholkar（1994）,Information Technology facilitated means of service delivery have the potential to benefit customers,employees and *** can be offered additional or extended services,greater convenience and *** full paper aims to define in detail the subsections about management issues and service delivery such as:Service level management Capacity management IT service continuity management Av

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Evaluation of the adjuvanticity of artemisinin with soluble Leishmania major antigens in BALB/c mice

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Journal of Nanjing Medical University 2009年第6期23卷 359-372页

作者： Albert Kimutai Willy K. Tonui Michael M. Gicheru Peter Kamau Ngure Johnstone Ingonga Stella Kepha Laban Ireri Njeru Dorcas Wachira Robert Karanja Muhia Milkah mwangi Lydia B. Nyamwamu Department of Zoological Sciences Kenyatta University Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development Kenya Medical Research Institute Science Department Daystar University School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi

Objective： To determine the adjuvant potential of artemisinin with a soluble leishmanial antigen in vaccinating BALB/c mice. Methods： Seventy two female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into six groups. The mice were vaccinated with soluble Leishmania antigens （SLA） alone, artemisinin co-administered with SLA, SLA and Bacille Calmette Gu fin （BCG） vaccine, and artemisinin and BCG alone. Unvaccinated mice formed the control group. The induction of cell-mediated immunity following vaccination was determined by measuring in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and the production of interleukin （IL）-4, IL-5 and gamma interferon （IFN-γ） determined by flow cytometry. Protection against L. major was determined by quantifying parasite burdens in L. major infected footpads using a limiting dilution assay and by measuring lesion sizes of the infected footpad compared to the contralateral uninfected footpad. Results： Mice receiving SLA plus artemisinin produced significantly high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 （P 〈 0.05） and low levels of IFN-γ, resulting in exacerbated disease. In addition, subcutaneous administration of SLA ＋ artemisinin, artemisinin alone or SLA alone resulted in the development of large footpad swellings and high parasite loads that were comparable to those of the control unvaccinated mice （P 〉 0.05）, resulting in exacerbated disease. Conclusion： These data suggest that artemisinin is not a suitable adjuvant for Leishmania vaccines. However, since artemisinin has been shown to be effective against Leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo, further studies ought to be conducted to determine its immunochemotherapeutic potential when co-administered with Leishmania antigens.

关键词： Artemisinin Leishmania Soluble Leishmania antigens BALB/c mice immunity cytokine adjuvant interleukin-4 (IL-4) IL-5 IFN-γ lesion size footpad lesion vaccine parasite burden proliferation stimulation index

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Optimization of Specific Draft Requirement and Hitch Length for an Animal Drawn Sub-Soiler: A Case of Sandy Clay Loam Soils

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Open Journal of Optimization 2019年第3期8卷 83-99页

作者： Nicodemus K. Mwonga Ayub N. Gitau Joackim M. Mutua Simon T. mwangi Department of Environmental and Biosystems Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya

This study aimed at optimizing tillage depth and hitching length for optimal draft requirement in sandy clay loam soils for animal drawn subsoiler. Field experiments were conducted to collect draft datasets using the MSI 7300 digital dynamometer communicating remotely with MSI-8000 RF data logger connected to a laptop through the serial port. To determine the numeric values of soil parameters pertinent to subsoiling, field experiments, laboratory tests and numerical analysis techniques were employed. For a specified speed, a combination of three hitch lengths of 2.5 m, 3.0 m and 3.5 m and three depths from 0 cm to 30 cm with a range of 10 cm interval was used. Soil bulk density was found to vary between 1.52 to 1.37 g/cm3 and 1.44 to 1.67 g/cm3 for Machakos and Kitui experimental plots respectively. Soil moisture content increased with an increase in depth ranging from 3.53% to 9.94% for Machakos site and from 4.15% to 9.61% for Kitui site. Soil shear strength parameters ranged between 21.71 and 29.6 kPa between depths of 0 - 20 cm and decreased to 28.07 kPa for depths beyond 20 cm at Machakos experimental plot;while for Kitui experimental plot, it ranged between 30.02 and 39.29 kPa between depths of 0 - 30 cm. A second-order quadratic expression of the form y = ax2 + bx + c was obtained for the relationship between specific draft and depth at given hitching length as well as specific draft against hitching length at a given depth. The optimal hitching length and tillage depth for Machakos experimental plot were obtained as 2.9 m (~3 m) and 16.5 cm respectively. In Kitui experimental site, the optimal hitching length was obtained as 2.9 m (~3 m) and the optimal tillage depth was 15.4 cm.

关键词： Soil Resistance Specific Draft Hitching Length Subsoiling Depth Animal Power

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Integration of Commercial Microbiological Products into Soil Fertility Practices as a Potential Option for Acclimatization and Growth of TC Banana in Kenya

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第8期4卷 259-271页

作者： Agnes Mumo Kavoo-mwangi Esther M. Kahangi Elijah Ateka Justus Onguso Joyce M. Jefwa Crop Science Department School of Agriculture and Biotechnology Karatina University Karatina Kenya Department of Horticulture School of Agriculture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT) Nairobi Kenya Department of Horticulture School of Agriculture Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT) Nairobi Kenya

Tissue culture (TC) banana plantlets at the in vitro stage are delicate and devoid of microbes and nutrients that are essential for establishment and subsequent growth. Some microbes are known for function best under certain soil threshold levels of macro and micronutrients and have been associated with growth and performance of TC banana. A green house and field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of combining two commercial biological products [Rhizatech and ECO-T (mycorrhiza and Trichoderma based products, respectively)] with various sources of nitrogen and phosphorous including Mavuno, Minjingu phosphate rock, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), manure and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on growth and performance of TC banana in Vertisol and Rhodic Ferralsol soil conditions. Tissue culture plants were initially inoculated with Rhizatech and ECO-T at the acclimatization stage and subsequently at the beginning of the potting stage and field establishment. Addition of nutrient sources was also done at the same stages of plant growth by mixing with the soil substrates prior to planting. The performance of plants was significantly (at p ≤ 0.05) affected by the combinations of nutrient sources depending on the soil type and stage of plant development. The growth of plants in the Vertisol increased with Trichoderma combined with either organic manure, DAP or combined with a macro and micro nutrient source (Mavuno) as compared to the sole application of Trichoderma. Performance of plants treated with combination of mycorrhiza and either Mavuno and minjigu rock phosphate was consistently higher in the Rhodic Ferralsol than either mycorrhiza alone or fertilizer alone. This indicates that TC plants could highly benefit from combined application of microbiological products and inorganic and organic fertilizers. However, a prior knowledge of the product’s microbial formulation and prevailing soil conditions is essential for optimizing the potential benefits of integrating micr

关键词： Microbiological Products Soil Fertility Practices Integration Tissue Culture Banana Growth and Performance

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肯尼亚国家公园规划与管理实践研究 ——以内罗毕国家公园为例

肯尼亚国家公园规划与管理实践研究 ——以内罗毕国家公园为例

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作者：穆婉晴（mwangi FAITH NJERI）南京农业大学

学位级别：硕士

自“把自然围在公园”的理念诞生以来,国家公园一直以强大的生命力在全球范围内扩大其影响,在全球自然保护工作中发挥着主导作用。尽管保护理念取得了成功,但以生态系统变化、物种灭绝和濒危为特征的自然衰退已经出现。在建设和完善国... 详细信息

自“把自然围在公园”的理念诞生以来,国家公园一直以强大的生命力在全球范围内扩大其影响,在全球自然保护工作中发挥着主导作用。尽管保护理念取得了成功,但以生态系统变化、物种灭绝和濒危为特征的自然衰退已经出现。在建设和完善国家公园体系过程中,从不同角度探讨国家公园规划与管理的思路、分析现有的建设模式、摸索卓有成效的管理策略具有重要意义。本研究通过内罗毕国家公园的实证案例,探讨肯尼亚国家公园系统的规划和管理实践,旨在推动肯尼亚国家公园整体性研究,加深对国家公园的整体认识和把握,通过肯尼亚国家公园体系的经验和教训为其他国家的国家公园规划、保护和管理提供参考依据。(1)在阐明国家公园、国家公园系统等一系列概念的基础上,探讨国家公园的特征与内涵,比较国家公园与其他保护区的差异。对肯尼亚和国外国家公园的研究与发展作了简要回顾,重点研究内容分为三个部分:生态环境和自然保护、管理规划与运行机制、社会文化发展。研究发现,对自然进行文明化、领土化和分类是国家公园的权宜之计。(2)该研究对肯尼亚国家公园系统进行了分析。在肯尼亚国家公园历史发展的背景下,该研究揭示了三个关键主题:第一,狩猎和娱乐是建立第一批公园的动机;第二,国家公园被视为权力机构;第三,肯尼亚国家公园系统的建设是通过当地和国际利益相关者的综合努力完成的。建设模式方面,根据资源价值阐述了不同条件下的三种国家公园建设模式。从管理系统的角度来看,该系统由一个机构在其他利益相关者的帮助和支持下进行管理。肯尼亚国家公园系统由五个管理项目管理,这些项目采用逻辑框架法(LFA)和自然保护协会的保护行动规划(CAP)方法创建。(3)分析了国家公园包含总体评价、生态资源评价、功能评价、管理评价的四个评价等级以及涵盖生态、资源、美学的三个评价要素。探讨国家公园规划和管理应遵循的原则:以生态健康优先的生态性要求,具有文化自觉的社会文化性要求以及具备经济可行性的经济性与节约性要求。从分析中得出了五个经验教训,这些经验教训可适用于国家公园的全球发展,即管理系统应具有:优先考虑保护和社会福利的概念;受法律管辖的机构;以具体管理行动为特征的模式;多资金流和问责机制。国家公园系统的意义是保留一个国家最自然、最文化的特色,同时创造民族符号。本研究丰富了肯尼亚国家公园的研究体系,为国家公园系统的保护和管理工作提供了理论支撑和保护构想。

关键词：国家公园国家公园系统管理系统肯尼亚

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Prevalence and Endoscopic Findings of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection among Dyspeptic Patients in Kenya

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020年第4期10卷 233-242页

作者： Catherine N. mwangi Stephen Njoroge Allan Rajula Ahmed Laving Rose Kamenwa Smita Devani Andrew Nyerere Gunturu Revathi Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Medicine Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic human infections worldwide with the highest reported prevalence in Africa. It is associated with numerous upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Endoscopic findings in the stomach usually associated with Helicobacter pylori infections include gastritis and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), however, these findings are suggestive but not diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted between January 2018 and February 2019 at the Aga Khan University Hospital where dyspeptic patients scheduled for gastroduodenoscopy were enrolled. These patients were evaluated for Helicobacter pylori infection by rapid urease test, culture and histopathology. Diagnostic findings and patient history collected from medical files were documented and data analyzed. Results: A total of 487 dyspeptic patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were enrolled in the study and 199 dyspeptic patients were posi

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Dyspepsia Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Histopathological Examination

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