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Growth at the microscale:long term thinning effects on patterns and timing of intra-annual stem increment in radiata pine

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 438-450页

作者： David M.Drew geoffrey M.Downes Department of Forest and wood Science Stellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7800South Africa Forest Quality Pty Ltd PO Box 293 HuonvilleTASAustralia.

Background: Stem radial growth in forests is not uniform. Rather, it is characterized by periods of relatively fast or slow growth, or sometimes no growth at all. These fluctuations are generally a function of varying environmental conditions(e.g. water availability) and, importantly, will also be associated with adjustments in proprties in the wood formed. Stand level conditions and forest management, particularly thinning and stand density will, thowever, also have a major influence on patterns of growth variation. we explore how different thinning histories and/or stand densities influence these dynamics of tree growth in the important commercial plantation species Pinus radiata D. ***: Daily stem size change was measured using electronic point dendrometers over two growing seasons on P. radiata trees at two sites, subjected to different thinning regimes. Timing, rates and periodicity of annual growth were calculated from these ***: Greater overall cross-sectional growth in thinned plots was driven mainly by two dynamics. First, the cessation of seasonal growth occurred at least 3 weeks later in the stands in which thinning had taken place. There was no difference between thinned/unthinned stands, however, in the timing of growth onset. Second, within the longer season, trees in thinned plots had more growth days(as much as 20% more) than unthinned plots. The rates of growth on days when growth occurred were not different, however. In this context, it is notable that in trees in the unthinned plots experiencing the most severe competition there were strong "pulses" of growth following drought-breaking rainfall events. Unthinned plots at high stand densities also maintained a smaller(but consistent) zone of dividing cells throughout the season than thinned ***: In Pinus radiata growing under conditions as in our study, conditions late in summer, particularly drought, have an important effect on the timing of cessation of growth. Earl

关键词： Monterey pine Dendrometer Intra-annual growth Drought Thinning

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A Factor Decomposing Model of water Use Efficiency at Sector Level and Its Application in Beijing

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第2期29卷 405-427页

作者： LIU Xiuli HEwINGS J D geoffrey CHEN Xikang wANG Shouyang Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China. Regional Economics Applications Laboratory University of Illinois607 S.Mathews#318UrbanaIL61801USA

The paper explores the contribution of different factors affecting water use efficiency(wUE) of each sector and explores ways to improve wUE.A new Multi-Sector and Multi-Factors Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(MLMDI) decomposition method was developed that enabled the identification of wUE by sector into 11 factors in terms of their order of *** application to Beijing at the 19 sector level was made for the period between 2002–*** water conservation effects of six measures proposed during the 12th-Five-Year-Plan of Beijing were *** was found that,to decrease the transferred out and export of agriculture products and increasing water prices would be the top two most effective measures to promote water *** the adjustment of direct water use structure would contribute in less significant way,the adjustment of industrial structure would have a negative effect.

关键词： Beijing factor decomposition method water use efficiency.

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The effect of solvent in evaporation-induced self-assembly:A case study of benzene periodic mesoporous organosilica

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1920-1925页

作者： wANG wenDong FAULKNER Daniel MOIR Jonathon OZIN geoffrey A Materials Chemistry Research Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto M5S 3H6 Canada Department of Materials Science ＆ Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St Toronto M5S 3E4 Canada

Volatile organic solvents were considered to have little influence on the synthesis of mesostructured materials through evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA),because upon evaporation they leave the sol and hence do not interfere with the self-assembly *** show here that the choice of solvent is crucial in the synthesis of thin films of phenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica(benzene PMO).Methanol is found to be a better solvent for the synthesis of thin films,whereas ethanol favors the formation of(HO)3Si-C6H4-Si(OH)3 crystals,the identity and structure of which is established by X-ray diffraction.A ternary reactant composition diagram is designed to visualize the relationship among multiple synthesis experiments and to guide the interpretation of experimental results and optimization of the quality of the periodic mesoporous organosilica *** study highlights the importance of solvent choice,a factor often neglected in *** expect it to inspire researchers to explore the effect of solvent in designing the synthesis of mesoporous materials.

关键词： mesoporous materials periodic mesoporous organosilica evaporation induced self assembly thin films

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Entrepreneurship Measurement and Comparison:Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship Index

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第6期33卷 1959-1979页

作者： SONG Lianlian LAI Kin Keung TSO Kwok Fai geoffrey YEN Jerome Department of Business Management Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China College of Economics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Management Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Faculty of Science and'Technology University of MacaoMacaoChina

The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute annually publishes the Global Entrepreneurship Index(GEI)to show entrepreneurship of each country/*** GEI is obtained by averaging the scores of three sub-indexes,entrepreneurial attitudes,entrepreneurial abilities and Entrepreneurial ***,this GEI construction method with equal weights for three subindexes may be controversial,since the relative importance among the three sub-indexes may vary across countries and areas due to economic and social/cultural *** study comprehensively considers all possible weights,and formulates an interval entrepreneurship evaluation *** the Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis,the authors build an improved GEI,which the authors term the Holistic Acceptability Global Entrepreneurship *** method differs from the conventional wisdom that assigns exact values to corresponding weights,but explores a weight space considering all possible weight ***,the proposed method is confirmed using an empirical study measuring and comparing the entrepreneurship of the top 20 countries and areas in terms of 2017 GEI.

关键词： Entrepreneurship entrepreneurship evaluation matrix global entrepreneurship index stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis

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Dynamic infrared thermography and smartphone thermal imaging as an adjunct for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative perforator free flap monitoring

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第12期6卷 14-25页

作者： geoffrey G.Hallock Division of Plastic Surgery St.Luke's HospitalSacred Heart CampusAllentownPennsylvania 18103USA

Aim:The versatile application of perforator free flaps for coverage of any extremity has been well ***,a"freestyle"-like approach is used to design these flaps,as conventional imaging techniques for perforator identification may be too expensive or *** will be demonstrated,the recent application of a thermal imaging camera using a smartphone is a cheaper and therefore more universal means to better identify the requisite perforators upon which a free flap can be designed and then ***:Smartphone thermography can be used on any patient preoperatively to identify preferable perforators or vascular network"hot spots"within the desired donor site *** management of the choice of perforators and subsequent flap dissection can be similarly *** postoperative monitoring based on changes of the thermal image color palette will provide a comparison that can be used to determine if perfusion across the microanastomosis is ***:An overview of how to use a smartphone in concert with a thermal imaging camera is *** infrared thermography represents a thermal stress necessary with a smartphone to better identify donor site"hot spots".Conclusion:Smartphone thermography is an inexpensive and expeditious means for identification of"hot spots"that correlate with perforators that would suffice to insure perfusion to a free perforator ***,since perforator caliber and course cannot be determined,this should be considered to be only a complementary adjunct for conventional ***,its simplicity will overall improve the safer design,harvest,and subsequent monitoring of free flaps.

关键词： Smartphone thermography thermal image camera perforator free flap microvascular tissue transfer monitor

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Atmospheric Ducting Effect in wireless Communications:Challenges and Opportunities

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2021年第2期6卷 101-109页

作者： Fangfang Liu Jiaxi Pan Xiangwei Zhou geoffrey Ye Li Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Networks Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and ConvergenceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803USA Imperial College London London SW72AZU.K.

Atmospheric ducting has a significant impact on electromagnetic wave *** signals that are trapped and guided by the atmospheric duct can travel a much longer distance over the horizon with lower attenuation since the signal power does not spread isotropically through the *** ducting brings both challenges and opportunities to wireless *** one hand,the signals propagating in the atmospheric duct may interfere with a receiver far away as remote co-channel *** the other hand,a point-to-point link can be established directly through the atmospheric duct to enable beyond line-of-sight *** this article,the formation of the atmospheric duct and its effects on radio wave propagation are first *** solutions and standardization activities in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)to mitigate atmospheric duct induced remote interference are ***,the applications and design challenges of atmospheric duct enabled beyond line-of-sight communications are reviewed and future research directions are suggested.

关键词： atmospheric duct ducting channel modeling beyond line-of-sight remote interference management

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Non-invasive diagnosis of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第45期20卷 16820-16830页

作者： Suraj Sharma Korosh Khalili geoffrey Christopher Nguyen Toronto Centre for Liver Disease Toronto Western Hospital Department of Medical Imaging University Health Network Joseph and wolf Lebovic Health Complex Mount Sinai Hospital

Liver cirrhosis is a common and growing public health problem *** diagnosis of cirrhosis portends an increased risk of morbidity and *** biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis of cirrhosis and staging of ***,despite its universal use,liver biopsy is an invasive and inaccurate gold standard with numerous *** order to overcome the limitations of liver biopsy,a number of non-invasive techniques have been investigated for the assessment of *** review will focus on currently available non-invasive markers of *** evidence behind the use of these markers will be highlighted,along with an assessment of diagnostic accuracy and performance characteristics of each ***-invasive markers of cirrhosis can be radiologic or *** techniques based on ultrasound,magnetic resonance imaging and elastography have been used to assess liver ***-based biomarkers of cirrhosis have also been *** are broadly classified into indirect and direct *** biomarkers reflect liver function,which may decline with the onset of *** biomarkers,reflect extracellular matrix turnover,and include molecules involved in hepatic *** the whole,radiologic and serum markers of fibrosis correlate well with biopsy scores,especially when excluding cirrhosis or excluding *** feature is certainly clinically useful,and avoids liver biopsy in many cases.

关键词： Cirrhosis Biomarker Non-invasive Fibrosis Viral Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Primary biliary cirrhosis Autoimmune hepatitis Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis C virus

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Immunological response in alcoholic liver disease

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 4938-4946页

作者： Michael J Duryee Lynell w Klassen geoffrey M Thiele University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine 986350 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-6350 Veterans Administration Alcohol Research Center Omaha Veterans Administration Medical Center 4101 Woolworth Avenue Omaha NE 68105 United States Veterans Administration Alcohol Research Center Omaha Veterans Administration Medical Center 4101 Woolworth Avenue Omaha NE 68105 United States University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Pathology and Microbiology 986495 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-6495 United States

The development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) can be attributed to many factors that cause damage to the liver and alter its functions. Data collected over the last 30 years strongly suggests that an immune component may be involved in the onset of this disease. This is best evidenced by the detection of circulating autoantibodies, infiltration of immune cells in the liver, and the detection of hepatic aldehyde modified proteins in patients with ALD. Experimentally, there are numerous immune responses that occur when proteins are modified with the metabolites of ethanol. These products are formed in response to the high oxidative state of the liver during ethanol metabolism, causing the release of many inflammatory processes and potential of necrosis or apoptosis of liver cells. Should cellular proteins become modified with these reactive alcohol metabolites and be recognized by the immune system, then immune responses may be initiated. Therefore, it was the purpose of this article to shed some insight into how the immune system is involved in the development and/or progression of ALD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Liver endothelial cells Aldehyde adducts Oxidative stress Immune system Cytokines Metabolism

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Bridging larger gaps in peripheral nerves using neural prosthetics and physical therapeutic agents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1109-1115页

作者： Muhammad Sana Ullah Sahar Matthew Barton geoffrey Douglas Tansley School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith University Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Therapies Griffith University

Peripheral nerve injuries are relatively common and can be caused by a variety of traumatic events such as motor vehicle *** can lead to long-term disability,pain,and financial burden,and contribute to poor quality of *** this review,we systematically analyze the contemporary literature on peripheral nerve gap management using nerve prostheses in conjunction with physical therapeutic *** use of nerve prostheses to assist nerve regeneration across large gaps(> 30 mm) has revolutionized neural *** materials used for nerve prostheses have been greatly refined,making them suitable for repairing large nerve ***,research on peripheral nerve gap management using nerve prostheses reports inconsistent functional outcomes,especially when prostheses are integrated with physical therapeutic agents,and thus warrants careful *** review explores the effectiveness of nerve prostheses for bridging large nerve gaps and then addresses their use in combination with physical therapeutic agents.

关键词： nerve repair nerve conduits nerve prosthesis physical therapeutic agents electric stimulation nerve gap axonal growth nerve regeneration

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Local Observations-Based Energy-Efficient Multi-Cell Beamforming via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2022年第2期7卷 170-180页

作者： Kaiwen Yu Gang wu Shaoqian Li geoffrey Ye Li The National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Imperial College London.London Sw72AZ U.K.

with affordable overhead on information exchange,energy-efficient beamforming has potential to achieve both low power consumption and high spectral *** paper formulates the problem of joint beamforming and power allocation for a multiple-input single-output(MISO)multi-cell network with local observations by taking the energy efficiency into *** reduce the complexity of joint processing of received signals in presence of a large number of base station(BS),a new distributed framework is proposed for beamforming with multi-cell cooperation or *** optimization problem is modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process(POMDP)and is solved by a distributed multi-agent self-decision beamforming(DMAB)algorithm based on the distributed deep recurrent Q-network(D2RQN).Furthermore,limited-information exchange scheme is designed for the inter-cell cooperation to boost the global *** proposed learning architecture,with considerably less information exchange,is effective and scalable for a high-dimensional problem with increasing ***,the proposed DMAB algorithms outperform distributed deep Q-network(DQN)based methods and non-learning based methods with significant performance improvement.

关键词： distributed beamforming energy efficiency deep reinforcement learning interference-cooperation POMDP

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