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New perspectives on the prevention of myopia

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Eye Science 2011年第1期26卷 3-8页

作者： Fan Xiang.MD Ian g. morgan PhD Ming.uang.He MD PhD Department of Preventive Ophthalmolog. Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science Research School of Biology College of Medicine Biology and the Environment Australian National University Canberra Australia

The hig. prevalence of myopia and its public health and clinical consequences make prevention of myopia a top *** approaches to prevention have been based on reducing.accommodative load,and have g.nerally been *** treatment with atropine eye-drops has produced clinically sig.ificant effects,.which are however of limited duration and suffer from potential *** addition,based on animal experimentation,.it is now clear that atropine blocks eye g.owth by mechanisms which do not involve accommodation..More g.nerally,.experimentation on animal models of myopia has shown that accommodation is not im-portant for the control of eye g.owth,whereas exposure to hyperopic (g.owth-promoting. and myopic (g.owth-inhibit-ing. defocus is more *** epidemiolog.cal evi-dence has also questioned the importance of near work,al-thoug. education is clearly *** sug.ests a preven-tive approach based on deliberately increasing.the amount of myopic defocus a child is exposed to may be *** is also convincing.evidence that children who spend more time outside are less likely to become myopic,which also sug.ests a quite non-invasive approach to *** new directions need to be pursued.

关键词：近视预防临床效果动物实验公众健康模型实验生长控制生长抑制

Model of hybrid interfacial domain wall in ferromag.etic/antiferromag.etic bilayers

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第4期24卷 436-440页

作者：章文翟亚鹿牧游彪翟宏如 Caroline g.morgan Department of Physics Southeast University National Laboratory of Solid Microstructure Nanjing University Physics Department Wayne State University

A g.neral model of a hybrid inteffacial domain wall （HIDW） in ferromag.etic/antiferromag.etic exchang. biased bilayers is proposed, where an inteffacial domain wall is allowed to extend into either the ferromag.etic or antiferromag.etic layer or across both. The proposition is based on our theoretical investig.tion on thickness and field dependences of ferromag.etic domain wall （FMDW） and antiferromag.etic domain wall （AFDW）, respectively. g.od match of the simulation to the hysteresis loops of a series of NiFe/FeMn exchang.-biased bilayers confirms the existence of the HIDW, where the AFDW part is found to preferentially occupy the entire antiferromag.etic layer while the FMDW shrinks with the increased mag.etic field as expected. The observed asymmetry between the ascending.and descending.branches of the hysteresis loop is explained naturally as a consequence of different partition ratios between AFDW and FMDW.

关键词： exchang. bias interfacial domain wall ferromag.etic/antiferromag.etic bilayer

Plant g.owth in a frag.ented forest is a consequence of top-down and bottom-up processes, but not their interaction

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Journal of Plant Ecolog. 2017年第4期10卷 601-609页

作者： Brad J.Farmilo John W.morgan Dale g.Nimmo Department of Ecolog. Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe University1 Kingsbury DriveBundooraVictoria 3086Australia Department of Environment LandWater and PlanningArthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research123 Brown StreetHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Centre for Integ.ative Ecolog. School of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin University221 Burwood HighwayBurwoodVictoria 3125Australia Institute for Land Water and SocietySchool of Environmental ScienceCharles Sturt University1 Elizabeth Mitchell DriveAlburyNew South Wales 2640Australia

Aims Habitat loss and frag.entation are the leading.causes of g.obal biodiversity *** frag.entation(leading.to edg. effects,increased isolation and declining.habitat size)interacts with top-down processes like vertebrate herbivory,an important driver of veg.tation structure and composition in many ecosystems,is poorly *** between frag.entation and chang.s in her-bivory may exacerbate their individual influences on plant g.owth,with implications for manag.ment of native plant communities within frag.ented *** examined the effects of habitat frag.entation on herbivore activity,and also how both frag.en-tation and mammalian herbivory influence g.owth of understorey plant *** This study was conducted at the Wog.Wog.habitat frag.entation experiment,located in south-eastern New South Wales,*** use herbivore exclusion plots across an experimentally frag.mented landscape to assess the interactive effects of frag.enta-tion and herbivory on the g.owth of four plant species that vary in g.owth form and rarity in the *** Finding. We observed species-specific responses to both herbivory and frag.entation,but no additive or interactive effects between these *** show that a reduction in herbivore activity within frag.ments does not correspond with an increase in plant g.owth,even for the most palatable ***,top-down processes continue to operate across the frag.ented *** chang.s in habitat conditions within frag.ents appear to neg.tively influence both plant g.owth and mammalian herbivore activity,it is likely that alterations to bottom-up effects(***)may be more important than top-down effects(***)for the spe-cies under *** species-specific response of plants to herbivory or frag.entation may have implications for temporal and spatial population persistence in frag.ented landscapes and ulti-mately frag.ent veg.tation structure.

关键词： Wog.Wog.habitat frag.entation experiment Pinus radiata herbivory understorey plants plantation eucalypt

An overview of the myopia problem in China

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期3卷 336-340页

作者： Ian g.morgan Xiaohu Ding.Xinxing.g.o Research School of Biolog. Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmolog. Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmolog. Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolBaltimoreUSA

It is now g.nerally accepted that several locations in East and Southeast Asia,specifically the Republic of Korea,Japan,Sing.pore,China's Mainland,Hong.Kong.and Taiwan,have a hig. prevalence of myopia and potentially patholog.cal hig. myopia(1-3).In fact,around 70-90%of students completing.secondary schooling.in these locations are now myopic(4-11),requiring.some form of correction for g.od distance *** many places,over half of the students are myopic and need correction by the end of primary *** most of these locations,there has been a prog.essive development of education systems since the end of the Second World War,resulting.in hig.ly competitive systems,which produce educational outcomes that top the world in international surveys such as PISA and TIMSS(12).The data which illustrate these trends were published in recent review(2)and used as a fig.re in an influential news report in Nature on The Myopia Boom(1).

关键词： correction mainland competitive

母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重:效应与异质性的多国评估

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环境与职业医学 2013年第6期30卷 470-470页

作者： Payam Dadvand Jennifer Parker Michelle L. Bell Matteo Bonzini Michael Brauer Lyndsey A. Darrow Ulrike g.hring.Svetlana V. g.inianaia Nelson g.uveia Eun-hee Ha Jong.Han Leem Edith H. van den Hooven Bin Jalaludin Bill M. Jesdale Johanna Lepeule Rachel Morello-Frosch geoffrey g. morgan Ang.la Cecilia Pesatori Frank H. Pierik Tanja Pless-Mulloli David Q. Rich Sheela Sathyanarayana Juhee Seo Rémy Slama Matthew Strickland Lillian Tamburic Daniel Wartenberg.Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Tracey J. Woodruff

[背景]越来越多的证据显示,母亲空气污染暴露与对胎儿生长的不良影响之间存在关联;但是,现有的文献并不一致。[目的]研究9个国家14个中心的数据,量化母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重和低出生体重(LBW)之间的关联,并探讨此关联中... 详细信息

[背景]越来越多的证据显示,母亲空气污染暴露与对胎儿生长的不良影响之间存在关联;但是,现有的文献并不一致。[目的]研究9个国家14个中心的数据,量化母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重和低出生体重(LBW)之间的关联,并探讨此关联中地点特征和暴露评估方法对中心之间异质性的影响。[方法]空气污染与妊娠结局国际合作(ICAPPO)的各中心采用共同的分析方案,对PM10和PM2.5(颗粒物≤10和2.5μm)与足月LBW和连续出生体重进行效应评估。采用meta分析将各个中心(~300万例出生)的效应评估结合起来,并采用meta回归分析在报告的效应评估中,中心特征和暴露评估方法对中心之间异质性的影响。[结果]随机效应meta分析显示,调整母亲的社会经济地位后,在整个妊娠期间,足月LBW与PM10[比值比(OR)=1.03;95%CI:1.01~1.05]和PM2.5[OR=1.10;95%CI:1.03~1.18]每增加10μg.m3呈正相关。在充分调整随机效应的meta分析中,作为一个连续性的结果,PM10暴露每增加10μg.m3与足月出生体重呈负相关(-8.9g.95%CI:-13.2^-4.6 g.。meta回归分析显示,具有较高平均PM2.5水平和PM2.5∶PM10比率的中心,以及采用时间暴露评估(与时空相比)的中心,所报告的关联更强。[结论]在研究人群中,母亲颗粒物污染暴露与足月LBW相关联。有3个地点特征和暴露评估方法学方面的不同导致各个中心报告的关联的差异。

关键词：空气污染胎儿生长异质性 ICAPPO 低出生体重 meta分析 meta回归多中心研究颗粒物妊娠

Luminescence of Er^(3+) in Oxyfluoride Transparent g.ass-Ceramics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 699-705页

作者： Akira Ueda Steven H morgan Richard Mu Department of Physics Fisk University NashvilleTN 37208 USA

Erbium doped silicate, g.rmanate, and tellurium-g.rmanate oxyfluoride g.asses were prepared in a bulk form. Throug. appropriate heat treatment of the as-prepared g.asses, transparent g.ass-ceramics （Tg.s） were obtained with the formation of β-PbF2：Er^3＋ nanocrystals in the g.ass matrix were confirmed by X-ray ***-defined diffraction peaks were observed in the samples after heat-treatment. The averag. crystal diameter of these precipitated crystals from full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of the diffraction peak was estimated to be between 8 and 13 nm. Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and upconversion luminescence were measured on as-prepared g.ass and g.ass-ceramics. Luminescence spectra in the Tg. samples revealed well-resolved, sharp stark-splitting.peaks, which indicates that a majority of Er^3＋ ions has been incorporated into the crystalline phase of the nanocrystals. The intensity of the visible and near infrared luminescence mostly increases in TSg.compared to that in the as-prepared g.ass. In 1.53 μm absorption and emission bands, the maximum absorption peak is blue-shifted from 1531 to 1507 nm, whereas the maximum emission peak is redshifted from 1535 to 1543 nm in Tg., as compared with that in g.ass. The bandwidth at half-maximum （BWHM） of the emission band is sig.ificantly broader in Tg. than in g.ass, which is beneficial to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier （EDFA）. Upconversion luminescence was measured using.800 nm near-infrared lig.t excitation. Drastically increased upconversion 1 was observed from the Tg. as compared to that from their corresponding.as-prepared g.asses. In addition to a strong.g.een emission centered at 545 nm because of ^4S3/2→^4I15/2 transition and a weaker red emission centered at 662 nm because of ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 transition, g.nerally seen from the Er^3＋ doped g.asses, two violet emissions centered at 410 nm because of ^2H9/2→^4I15/2 transition and centered at 379 nm because of ^4g.1/2→^4I15/2 transition were also o

关键词： luminescence transparent g.ass-ceramics rare earths

Pre-treatment platelet counts as a prog.ostic and predictive factor in stag. Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of g.strointestinal Oncolog. 2017年第1期9卷 42-49页

作者： morgan Steele Ioannis A Voutsadakis Clinical Trials Unit Sault Area Hospital Division of Medical Oncolog. Department of Internal Medicine Sault Area Hospital Division of Clinical Sciences Northern Ontario School of Medicine

AIM To investig.te if pre-treatment platelet counts could provide prog.ostic information in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma that received neo-adjuvant treatment. METHODS Platelet number on diag.osis of stag. II and III rectal cancer was evaluated in 51 patients receiving.neoadjuvant treatment and for whom there were complete follow-up data on prog.ession and survival, as well as patholog.c outcome at the time of surg.ry. Patholog.c responses on the surg.cal specimen of patients with lower platelet counts(150-300 × 10~9/L) were compared with these of patients with hig.er platelet counts(> 300 × 10~9/L) by the χ~2 test. Overall and prog.ession free survival Kaplan-Meier curves of the two g.oups were constructed and compared with the Log.Rank *** A sig.ificant difference was present between the two g.oups in reg.rds to patholog.c response with patients with lower platelet counts being.more likely to exhibit a g.od or complete response to neo-adjuvant treatment than patients with hig.er platelet counts(P = 0.015). Among.other factors evaluated, there was also a sig.ificant difference between the carcinoembryonic antig.n(CEA) at presentation of patients that exhibited a g.od or complete response and those that had no response or a minimal to moderate response. Patients with a g.od or complete response were more likely to present with a CEA of less than 5 μg.L(P = 0.00066). There was no sig.ificant difference in overall and prog.ession free survival between the two platelet count g.oups(Log.Rank tests P = 0.42 and P = 0.35, respectively).CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis of stag. II and III rectal cancer patients, platelet counts at the time of diag.osis had prog.ostic value for neo-adjuvant treatment patholog.c response. Pre-treatment CEA also held prog.ostic value in reg.rds to treatment effect.

关键词： Rectal cancer Platelets Prog.osis Treatment response neo-adjuvant Chemoradiation

Site-controlled formation of Ing.As quantum nanostructures——Tailoring.the dimensionality and the quantum confinement

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Nano Research 2013年第4期6卷 235-242页

作者： Baolai Liang.Ping.Show Wong.Thai Tran Vitaliy g. Dorog.n Yuriy I. Mazur morgan E. Ware g.eg.ry J. Salamo Chih-Kang.Shih Diana L. Huffaker California NanoSystems Institute University of California at Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Department of Physics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA Department of Physics University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72701 USA

We report on Ing.As quantum disks （QDks） controllably formed on the top （001） facet of nano-patterned g.As pyramidal platforms. The QDks exhibit pyramidal shape with special facets and varied dimensions, depending.on the g.As pyramidal buffer and the amount of Ing.As deposited. The formation of QDks is explained by the overg.owth of an Ing.As layer and thereafter coalescence of small Ing.As islands. Photoluminescence （PL） characteristics of ensemble QDks and exciton features of individual QDks tog.ther demonstrate that we may achieve a transition from zero-dimensional （0D） to two-dimensional （2D） quantum structure with increasing.QDk size. This transition provides the flexibility to continuously tailor the dimensionality and subsequently the quantum confinement of semiconductor nanostructures via site-controlled self-assembled epitaxy for device applications based on sing.e quantum structures.

关键词： selected area epitaxy quantum confinement,quantum disk,photoluminescence

Shock frag.entation model for g.avitational collapse

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第5期11卷 545-562页

作者： Michael Wilkinson Bernhard Mehlig.Michael A.morgan Department of Mathematics and Statistics The Open UniversityWalton HallMilton KeynesMK7 6AAEngland Department of Physics Gteborg UniversityGothenburg 41296Sweden Department of Physics Seattle UniversitySeattleWA 98122USA

A cloud of g.s collapsing.under g.avity will frag.ent. We present a new theory for this process, in which layers of shocked g.s frag.ent due to their g.avitational instability. Our model explains why ang.lar momentum does not inhibit the collapse process. The theory predicts that the frag.entation process produces objects which are sig.ificantly smaller than most stars, implying.that accretion onto the frag.ents plays an essential role in determining.the initial masses of stars. This prediction is also consistent with the hypothesis that planets can be produced by g.avitational collapse.

关键词： g.avitation -instabilities - shock waves -ISM: dust- stars: forma-tion -planetary systems