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Genetic resources and precise gene editing for targeted improvement of barley abiotic stress tolerance

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第12期24卷 1069-1092页

作者： Sakura KARUNARATHNE Esther walker Darshan SHARMA Chengdao LI Yong HAN Western Crop Genetics Alliance College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA6150Australia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development South PerthWA6151Australia

Abiotic stresses, predominately drought, heat, salinity, cold, and waterlogging, adversely affect cereal crops. They limit barley production worldwide and cause huge economic losses. In barley, functional genes under various stresses have been identified over the years and genetic improvement to stress tolerance has taken a new turn with the introduction of modern geneediting platforms. In particular, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9) is a robust and versatile tool for precise mutation creation and trait improvement. In this review, we highlight the stress-affected regions and the corresponding economic losses among the main barley producers. We collate about 150 key genes associated with stress tolerance and combine them into a single physical map for potential breeding practices. We also overview the applications of precise base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing technologies for targeted trait modification, and discuss current challenges including high-throughput mutant genotyping and genotype dependency in genetic transformation to promote commercial breeding. The listed genes counteract key stresses such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, and the potential application of the respective gene-editing technologies will provide insight into barley improvement for climate resilience.

关键词： Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR) Gene function Drought Genetic improvement Transcription regulation Breeding

Model Predictive Control Strategy for Residential Battery Energy Storage System in Volatile Electricity Market with Uncertain Daily Cycling Load

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 534-543页

作者： Dejan P.Jovanović Gerard F.Ledwich geoffrey R.walker Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers QueenslandAustralia School of Electrical Engineering&Robotics Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia

This paper presents a control strategy for residential battery energy storage systems,which is aware of volatile electricity markets and uncertain daily cycling *** economic benefits of energy trading for prosumers are achieved through a novel modification of a conventional model predictive control(MPC).The proposed control strategy guarantees an optimal global solution for the applied control action.A new cost function is introduced to model the effects of volatility on customer benefits more ***,the newly presented cost function models a probabilistic relation between the power exchanged with the grid,the net load,and the electricity *** probabilistic calculation of the cost function shows the dependence on the mathematical expectation of market price and net *** techniques for calculating this value are *** proposed strategy differs from the stochastic and robust MPC in that the cost is calculated across the market price and net load variations rather than across model constraints and parameter variations.

关键词： Optimal control model predictive control(MPC) energy market nonlinear constrained optimization revenue for battery energy storage system Gaussian mixture model autoregressive integrated moving average model

Accelerated Gradient Descent Methods for the Uniaxially Constrained Landau-de Gennes Model

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2022年第1期14卷 1-32页

作者： Edison E.Chukwuemeka Shawn W.walker Department of Mechanical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Mathematics and Center for Computation and Technology(CCT) Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

This paper illustrates the efficacy of using accelerated gradient descent schemes for minimizing a uniaxially constrained Landau-de Gennes model for nematic liquid ***(alternating direction)minimization schemes are applied to a structure preserving finite element discretization of the uniaxial model:a standard gradient descent method,the“heavy-ball”method,and Nesterov’s *** performance of the schemes is measured in terms of the number of iterations required to obtain the equilibrium state,as well as the total computational time(wall time).The numerical experiments clearly show that the accelerated gradient descent schemes reduce the number of iterations and computational time significantly,despite the hard uniaxial constraint that is not“smooth”when defects are ***,our results show that accelerated schemes are not hindered when combined with an alternating direction minimization algorithm and are easy to implement.

关键词： Liquid crystals Landau-de Gennes uniaxial heavy-ball method Nesterov’s method

Ultrafast impulsive Raman spectroscopy across the terahertz-fingerprint region

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Advanced Photonics 2022年第1期4卷 80-91页

作者： walker Peterson Julia Gala de Pablo Matthew Lindley Kotaro Hiramatsu Keisuke Goda The University of Tokyo School of ScienceDepartment of ChemistryTokyoJapan The University of Tokyo Research Center for SpectrochemistryTokyoJapan PRESTO Japan Science and Technology AgencySaitamaJapan Japan Science and Technology Agency TokyoJapan University of California Los AngelesDepartment of BioengineeringLos AngelesCaliforniaUnited States Wuhan University Institute of Technological SciencesWuhanChina

Broadband Raman spectroscopy(detection bandwidth>1000 cm^(−1))is a valuable and widely used tool for understanding samples via label-free measurements of their molecular *** important Raman spectral regions are the chemically specific“fingerprint”(200 to 1800 cm^(−1))and“low-frequency”or“terahertz”(THz)(500×enhancement of10×enhancement of fingerprint sensitivity above 1000 cm^(−1)compared with that of SE-ISRS.

关键词： optics photonics spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy terahertz

Selection,effective dominance,and completeness of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2151-2161页

作者： Tiago SILVA Ying NIU Tyler TOWLES Sebe BROWN Graham PHEAD Wade walker Fangneng HUANG Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisiana 70817USA Macon Ridge Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterWinnsboroLouisiana 71295USA Dean Research Station Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterAlexandriaLouisiana 71302USA Bayer Crop Science ChesterfieldMissouri 63017USA

In the U.S.,Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a major pest targeted by both transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)*** of insect to Bt maize and cotton containing cry1A and cry2A genes has widely occurred in the *** this study,two trials were performed to investigate larval survival and development of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistant(VT2P-RR),a susceptible,and an F1 heterozygous(VT2P-RS)populations of *** on ears of nine Bt and three non-Bt maize *** Bt maize hybrids evaluated represent five common pyramided traits expressing two or three of the Cry1A.105,Cry1Ab,Cry1F,Cry2Ab2,and Vip3Aa20 *** the laboratory,neonates of the three *** populations were inoculated on silks of ears collected from maize at R1-R2 plant stages;and larval survivorship was checked 10 d after neonate *** three insect populations survived normally on non-Bt maize *** numbers of VT2P-RR and VT2P-RS survived on ears of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize,while all larvae of the three populations died or could not develop on ears of Vip3Aa20-expressing *** results demonstrated that the dual-protein resistant *** was not cross-resistant to Vip3Aa20-expressing maize,and thus traits with vip3Aa20 gene should be effective to manage Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant *** resistance in VT2P-RR was determined to be incomplete on Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** effective dominance levels varied greatly,from recessive to incompletely dominant,depending on maize hybrids and trials,suggesting that proper selection of maize hybrids could be important for mitigating the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 *** data generated should aid in modeling multiple-protein Bt resistance in ***.

关键词： corn earworm Cry1A/Cry2A effective dominance incomplete resistance Bt maize resistance management

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and generational heterogeneity on ecommerce shopping styles-A case study of Sacramento,California

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 53-61页

作者： Qianhua Luo Teddy Forscher Susan Shaheen Elizabeth Deakin Joan L.walker Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Transportation Sustainability Research Center University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94704USA Department of City and Regional Planning University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Center for Global Metropolitan Studies University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA

The COVID pandemic has accelerated the growth of ecommerce and reshaped shopping patterns,which in turn impacts trip-making and vehicle miles *** objectives of this study are to define shopping styles and quantify their prevalence in the population,investigate the impact of the pandemic on shopping style transition,understand the generational heterogeneity and other factors that influence shopping styles,and comment on the potential impact of the pandemic on long-term shopping *** months after the initial shutdown(May/June 2021),we collected ecommerce behavioral data from 313 Sacramento Region households using an online survey.A K-means clustering analysis of shopping behavior across eight commodity types identified five shopping styles,including ecommerce independent,ecommerce dependent,and three mixed modes *** found that the share of ecommerce independent style shifted from 55%pre-pandemic to 27%during the ***,30%kept the same style as pre-pandemic,54%became more ecommerce dependent,and 16%became less ecommerce dependent,with the latter group more likely to view shopping an excuse to get *** was found across ***-pandemic,Millennials and Gen Z were the most ecommerce dependent,but during the pandemic they made relatively small shifts toward increased ecommerce *** Boomers and the Silent Generation were bimodal,either sticking to in-person shopping or shifting to ecommercedependency during the ***-pandemic intentions varied across styles,with households who primarily adopt non-food ecommerce intending to reverse back to in-person shopping,while the highly ecommerce dependent intend to limit future in-store activities.

关键词： Ecommerce COVID pandemic Shopping patterns Generational heterogeneity

Advancing pediatric care before birth

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Frontiers of Medicine 2023年第2期17卷 352-354页

作者： Kun Sun Mark walker Yongjun Zhang Tao Duan Luming Sun Jun Zhang Department of Pediatric Cardiology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Ottawa School of MedicineOttawa 999040Canada Department of Neonatology Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Department of Fetal Medicine Shanghai First Maternity and Infant HospitalTongji UniversityShanghai 201204China Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China

The concept of perinatology was first brought up by *** Saling in the 1970s[1].It bridges between prenatal and postnatal periods and commonly covers from 28 weeks of gestation to 28 days *** formation of perinatology has led to close collaboration between obstetricians and neonatologists for the wellbeing of the mother and *** the close ties,the role of a neonatologist tends to be passive until a baby is born.

关键词： mother pediatric bridges

Comparison of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway, Mississippi River and the Yolo Bypass, Sacramento River

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 47-54页

作者： Brad walker Missouri Coalition for the Environment St. Louis MO 63118 USA

The Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway（BP-NMF） and the Yolo Bypass, located on the Mississippi and Sacramento rivers, respectively, are agriculture areas that were once each part of vast wetlands but are now intermittently used for flood control. Here the similarity stops, the BP-NMF has been used to convey floodwaters only twice in nearly 80 years, while the Yolo Bypass is used for this purpose on average every other year. The consequences are greatly different. In 2011, the BP-NMF was activated through the explosive detonation of the ＇fuse plug＂ portion of its levees, resulting in elevated property and economic damages, crop losses, and litigation. High-energy flows following the opening of the BP-NMF scour coarse sediment in the vicinity of the opening of the BP-NMF and deposit this material within the floodway, including on agricultural fields. In general the environment of much of the BP-NMF provides poor wildlife habitat. In contrast, the routine operation of Yolo Bypass is expected, avoids damage and litigation, supplies organic-rich sediment to fields, and provides good wildlife habitat. The difference between the two systems is attributed to a better approximation of natural conditions on the Yolo Bypass.

关键词： New Madrid Floodway Yolo Bypass flood control

Immunosuppressive,antimicrobial and insecticidal activities of inhibitor cystine knot peptides produced by teratocytes of the endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia flavipes(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第4期30卷 1105-1117页

作者： Ciro P.G.Pinto Andrew A.walker Glenn F.King Guilherme D.Rossi School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Sao Paulo State University(UNESP)JaboticabalBrazil Institute for Molecular Bioscience The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of QueenslandQueenslandSt LuciaAustralia

Teratocytes are specialized cells released by parasitoid wasps into their *** are known for producing regulatory molecules that aid the development of imma-ture *** have recently reported the primary structures of cystine-rich peptides,including some containing inhibitor cystine knot(ICK)motifs,produced by teratocytes of the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes(Hymenoptera:Braconidae).ICKs are known for their stability and diverse biological *** this study,we produced four putative ICK peptides from the teratocytes of *** using solid-phase peptide synthesis or recom-binant expression in ***,and investigated their functions on host immune modulation as well their potential to impair the development of two lepidopterans after ingestion of the *** addition,the peptides were assayed against pathogens and human *** peptides did not influence total hemocyte count but suppressed cellular immunity,detectable as a reduction of hemocyte encapsulation(CtICK-I,CftICK-II,CtICK-I)and spread indexes(CftICK-IV)in the *** of the peptides influenced the activi-ties of prophenoloxidase and phenoloxidase in the hemolymph of larval Diatraea sacchar-alis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).CftICK-I and CftICK-II with previously unknown function showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans but were non-toxic to human ***-I,CftICK-II,and CftICK-II increased larval mortality and reduced leaf consump-tion of ***,a permissive host for *** CftICK-III also increased larval mortality and reduced leaf consumption of Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),a non-permissive host for *** study highlights biological func-tions and biotechnological potential of ICK peptides from the teratocytes of ***.

关键词： biocontrol encapsulation host regulation Hymenoptera parasitoid phe-noloxidase