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Operational Risk-averse Routing Optimization for Cyber-physical Power Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 801-811页

作者： Baozhong Ti Jianxiao Wang gengyin li Ming Zhou State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renew-able Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

The extensive application of modern information and communication technology in the power system through the in-depth integration of the information system and the power system has led to the gradual development of the cyberphysical power system(CPPS).While advanced information technology increases the safety and reliability of power system operations,it also increases the risks of fault propagation.To improve the reliability of CPPS from the perspective of power communication routing,it is proposed that the CPPS model and vulnerability assessment of power node reflect the correlation between information and energy flows with the service impact on power grid operation,which is an important index for evaluating communication services.According to the distribution of services at the different important levels on the links,the importance of the cross-layer link is established as the vulnerability evaluation index of the communication network.Then,the routing optimization model is proposed in combination with the service transmission risk under cyber-attack and the operating characteristics of the information system,which is solved through an improved fast-convergent genetic algorithm.The simulation results show that the proposed method allocates the alternate route to the low-risk link without significantly increasing the delay of the main route,which effectively improves the power supply reliability of CPPS in extreme cyber-attack scenarios.

关键词： Comprehensive balanced degree cross-layer link importance cyber-attack cyber-physical power system routing optimization model service importance

On the Consistency of Renewable-to-Hydrogen Pricing

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 392-402页

作者： litao Zheng Jianxiao Wang Yang Yu gengyin li Ming Zhou Qing Xia Guizhi Xu State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute co. Ltd.State Grid Corporation of ChinaBeijing 102211China

With the proposal of carbon neutrality goals and hydrogen energy development strategies in various countries,the development and construction of hydrogen supply chains have become important priorities.However,existing research has paid little attention to the hydrogen market and pricing.Therefore,a hydrogen pricing method based on marginal pricing theory is proposed in this paper,which adapts to hydrogen systems with renewable-to-hydrogen as a major source,in the future.A hydrogen energy market is established to define the industrial chain of hydrogen and the hydrogen trading process.The hydrogen market-clearing model is formulated considering a dynamic line pack.Due to its nonconvexity,the model is equivalently converted into mixed-integer second-order cone programming,and the optimality gap is minimized by introducing a penalty term.Based on the clearing solution,the concept and calculation method of the locational marginal hydrogen price(LMHP)are proposed with respect to the locational marginal price(LMP)in electricity markets.Case studies based on a modified Belgium 20-node gas network and Pennsylvania,New Jersey,and Maryland(PJM)market operation data demonstrate the consistency between LMHP and LMP.

关键词： Hydrogen market locational marginal price renewable-to-hydrogen second-order cone programming Weymouth equation

Soft Open Point Planning in Renewable-dominated Distribution Grids with Building Thermal Storage

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 244-253页

作者： Tiance Zhang Jianxiao Wang Haiwang Zhong gengyin li Ming Zhou Dejie Zhao School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China. Dept.of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

With an increasing integration of intermittent distributed energy resources(DERs),the consequent voltage excursion and thermal overloading issues limit the self-sufficiency of distribution networks(DNs).The concept of soft open point(SOP)has been proposed as a promising solution to improve the hosting capacity of DNs.In this paper,considering the ability of building thermal storage(BTS)to increase the penetration of renewable energy in DNs,we provide an optimal planning framework for SOP and DER.The optimal planning model is aimed at minimizing the investment and operational costs while respecting various constraints,including the self-sufficiency requirement of the DN,SOP,building thermal storage capacity and DER operations,etc.A steady-state SOP model is formulated and linearized to be incorporated into the planning framework.To make full use of the BTS flexibility provided by ubiquitous buildings,a differential equation model for building thermal dynamics is formulated.A hybrid stochastic/robust optimization approach is adopted to depict the uncertainties in renewable energy and market prices.IEEE 33-bus feeder and a realistic DN in the metropolitan area of Caracas are tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and method.Case studies show that SOP/BTS plays a complementary and coordinated coupling role in the thermo-electric system,thereby effectively improving the hosting capacity and self-sufficiency of DNs.

关键词： Building thermal storage distributed generation planning soft open point thermos-electric system

Dispatching Fuel-cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles Toward Transportation and Energy Systems Integration

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第4期9卷 1540-1550页

作者： Dejie Zhao Ming Zhou Jianxiao Wang Tiance Zhang gengyin li Honghui Zhang School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co.Ltd. Tianjin300300China

With the increasing integration of traditional elec-tric vehicles(EVs),the ensuing congestion and overloading issues have threatened the reliability of power grid operations.Hydrogen has been advocated as a promising energy carrier to achieve low-carbon transportation and energy(trans-energy)systems,which can support the popularization of fuel-cell hybrid EVs(FCHEVs)while enhancing the flexibility of power grids.In this paper,we propose an optimal scheduling framework for trans-energy systems that evaluates the merits of the hydrogen supply chain from water electrolysis,compressed storage and transportation to FCHEV utilization.A detailed FCHEV model is established,and mileage is modeled as a function of the stored electricity and hydrogen mass.A stochastic programming-based scheduling model is formulated,which minimizes the total cost of unit commitment and the hydrogen supply chain.The Dijkstra algorithm is adopted to search the shortest path for hydrogen transportation.Case studies demonstrate that FCHEVs can reduce the operational costs of tran-energy systems and facilitate the accommodation of renewable energy when compared to traditional EVs.Index Terms-Fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle,hydrogen,mileage model,shortest path search,trans-energy systems.

关键词： Fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicle hydrogen,mileage model shortest path search trans-energy systems.

Sharing Economy in Local Energy Markets

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第3期11卷 714-726页

作者： Zhaoyuan Wu Jianxiao Wang Haiwang Zhong Feng Gao Tianjiao Pu Chin-Woo Tan Xiupeng Chen gengyin li Huiru Zhao Ming Zhou Qing Xia School of Economics and Management North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Analysis and Applications Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Industrial Engineering and Management College of EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94305USA Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen University of Groningen9742 AG Groningenthe Netherlands

With an increase in the electrification of end-use sectors,various resources on the demand side provide great flexibility potential for system operation,which also leads to problems such as the strong randomness of power consumption behavior,the low utilization rate of flexible resources,and difficulties in cost recovery.With the core idea of“access over ownership”,the concept of the sharing economy has gained substantial popularity in the local energy market in recent years.Thus,we provide an overview of the potential market design for the sharing economy in local energy markets(LEMs)and conduct a detailed review of research related to local energy sharing,enabling technologies,and potential practices.This paper can provide a useful reference and insights for the activation of demand-side flexibility potential.Hopefully,this paper can also provide novel insights into the development and further integration of the sharing economy in LEMs.

关键词： Energy sharing flexibility potential local energy market information and communication technology sharing economy

Applying Power Margin Tracking Droop Control to Flexible Operation in Multi-terminal DC Collector Systems of Renewable Generation

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第6期7卷 1176-1186页

作者： Shiyi Zhang Ming Zhou gengyin li the State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

An emerging multi-terminal looped DC(MTDC)collector system is now advocated for collecting and transferring large-scale renewable generation.However,it remains an open question as to improving the cooperative control capability of looped converter stations for flexible and robust response to renewable grid-connection fluctuation.This paper addresses this problem with a novel Power Margin Tracking(PMT)droop control and its corresponding system-level control strategy from the perspective of optimal dispatch of the power system.By introducing a power margin correction factor into the droop coefficient,the converter station can make self-adaptive regulations according to its actual available power margin.For operation verification,a multi-period optimal operation model and a four-terminal simulation model is built to provide optimal control parameters and real-time operation states of converter stations,where the power flow model of the looped MTDC grid with renewables generation is considered.The case results prove that the proposed control strategy can improve the cooperative operation capability of multiple converter stations,mitigating grid-connected power fluctuation.It can effectively reduce the DC voltage deviation to enhance the operation stability of the MTDC grid.The operational robustness of the proposed control strategy under“N−1”fault cases is verified as well.

关键词： Cooperative control optimization DC voltage stability high share of renewable energy penetration looped MTDC collector system PMT droop control strategy

Comprehensive evaluation model of wind power accommodation ability based on macroscopic and microscopic indicators

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2019年第1期4卷 227-238页

作者： gengyin li Guodong li Ming Zhou State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChangping District102206People’s Republic of China

This article explores and establishes comprehensive evaluation index system of wind power accommodation ability considering microscopic index and macroscopic index, and the index system includes conventional evaluation indexes such as forecast deviation, simultaneity factor and anti-peak rate, also newly introduced evaluation indexes such as installed capacity, power adequacy and accommodation space. Bayesian weight modified method is used for solving index weights of 8 wind power accommodation indexes. The paper puts forward a comprehensive evaluation model of wind power accommodation ability based on improved radar chart method, and this model changes traditional radar chart fan-shaped sector to quadrilateral evaluation region, and increasing angle bisector can solve the problem that evaluation results are not unique. It constructs new area and perimeter vectors of radar chart, which make the evaluation results give consideration to level of aggregation and balance degree of evaluation objectives, and case study results show that this model has a certain practical value.

关键词： Wind power accommodation ability Comprehensive evaluation Macroscopic index Microscopic index Index weight Radar chart method

Model and application of renewable energy accommodation capacity calculation considering utilization level of inter-provincial tie-line

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2019年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： Guodong li gengyin li Ming Zhou Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityChangping DistrictBeijing102206People’s Republic of China

At present, the problem of abandoning wind and PV power in “Three North” region of China is particularly significant, and how to alleviate this problem has become the focus of universal attention. Calculation of renewable energy accommodation capacity is the basis to solve the problem of abandoning wind and PV power. Main problems of Chinese renewable energy accommodation is analyzed from power supply, power grid and load side aspects, and it focuses on the effect of inter-provincial tie-line to renewable energy accommodation capacity. At present, the inter-provincial tie-line utilization level is limited, which affected renewable energy accommodation to a certain extent. Based on the sequential production simulation model, a new kind of renewable energy accommodation capacity model is put forward considering the utilization level of inter-provincial tie-line. According to different system stability constraints and different electricity constraints of inter-provincial tie-line, 4 schemes are designed for comparative analysis, and the evaluation model is used to calculate renewable energy accommodation capacity of “Three North” region of China in 2020. Example analysis results verify validity of the model that releasing curve constraints, electricity constraints and stability constraints in turn can significantly enhance renewable energy accommodation capacity through effective use of inter-provincial tie-line transmission capacity. Research work in this paper can provide strong support for the planning and scheduling control of power grid.

关键词： Renewable energy accommodation capacity Sequential production simulation Inter-provincial tie-line Stability constraints

Universal generating function based probabilistic production simulation for wind power integrated power systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017年第1期5卷 134-141页

作者： Tingchao JIN Ming ZHOU gengyin li State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijingChina

According to the demand of sustainable development and low-carbon electricity, it is important to develop clean resources and optimize scheduling generation mix. Firstly, a novel method for probabilistic production simulation for wind power integrated power systems is proposed based on universal generating function(UGF), which completes the production simulation with the chronological wind power and load demand. Secondly,multiple-period multiple-state wind power model and multiple-state thermal unit power model are adopted, and both thermal power and wind power are coordinately scheduled by the comprehensive cost including economic cost and environmental cost. Furthermore, the accommodation and curtailment of wind power is synergistically considered according to the available regulation capability of conventional generators in operation. Finally, the proposed method is verified and compared with conventional convolution method in the improved IEEE-RTS 79 system.

关键词： Universal generating function(UGF) Chronological characteristics Environment cost Multiple-period multiple-state wind power model Wind power accommodation