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Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in a Drosophila parastitoid, Asobara tabida

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 317-327页

作者： Joffrey Moiroux Joan van Baaren Mathilde Poyet Aude Couty Patrice Eslin genevieve prevost Jeremy Sguin Vincent Le Roux FRE 3498 EDYSAN CNRS-Universite de Picardie Jules Verne 33 rue St Leu Amiens Cedex France UMR 6553 ECOBIO CNRS- Universite Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu avenue du G~n~ral Leclerc Rennes Cedex France UMR 7263 IMBE AMU - CNRS - IRD - UAPV Universite d＇Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza 84916 Avignon Cedex 09 Franc

Co-evolution of host-parasitoid interactions is determined by the costs of host resistance, which received empirical evidence, and the costs ofparasitoid virulence, which have been mostly hypothesized. Asobara tabida is a parasitoid, which mainly parasitizes Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, the first species being able to resist to the parasitoid development while the second species is not. To parasitize resistant hosts, including D. melanogaster, A. tabida develops sticky eggs, which prevent encapsulation, but this virulence mechanism may be costly. Interindividual and interpopulation variation in the proportion of sticky eggs respectively allowed us to （i） artificially select and compare life-history traits of a virulent and a nonvirulent laboratory strain, and （ii） compare a virulent and a nonvirulent field strain, to investigate the hypothetical costs of virulence. We observed strong differences between the 2 laboratory strains. The nonvirulent strain invested fewer resources in reproduction and walked less than the virulent one but lived longer. Concerning the field strains, we observed that the nonvirulent strain had larger wings while the virulent one walked more and faster. All together, our results suggest that virulence may not always be costly, but rather that different life histories associated with different levels of virulence may coexist at both intra- and interDoDulation levels.

关键词： encapsulation geographic variation host resistance trade-offs

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Management of chronic heart failure in the older population

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第4期11卷 329-337页

作者： Nahid Azad genevieve Lemay Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus Geriatric Assessment Unit 1053 Carling Avenue Box 678 Ottawa ON K1Y 4E9 Canada

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is the leading cause of hospitalization for those over the age of 65 and represents a significant clinical and economic burden. About half of hospital re-admissions are related to co-morbidities, polypharmacy and disabilities associated with CHF. Moreover, CHF also has an enormous cost in terms of poor prognosis with an average one year mortality of 33%–35%. While more than half of patients with CHF are over 75 years, most clinical trials have included younger patients with a mean age of 61 years. Inadequate data makes treatment decisions challenging for the providers. Older CHF patients are more often female, have less cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, but higher rates of non-cardiovascular conditions and diastolic dysfunction. The prevalence of CHF with reduced ejection fraction, ischemic heart disease, and its risk factors declines with age, whereas the prevalence of non-cardiac co-morbidities, such as chronic renal failure, dementia, anemia and malignancy increases with age. Diabetes and hypertension are among the strongest risk factors as predictors of CHF particularly among women with coronary heart disease. This review paper will focus on the specific consideration for CHF assessment in the older population. Management strategies will be reviewed, including non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, quality care indicators, quality improvement in care transition and lastly, end-of-life issues. Palliative care should be an integral part of an interdiscipli-nary team approach for a comprehensive care plan over the whole disease trajectory. In addition, frailty contributes valuable prognostic in-sight incremental to existing risk models and assists clinicians in defining optimal care pathways for their patients.

关键词： Heart failure Elderly patient Management Hypertension Coronary artery disease diabetes

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Treatment, residual chlorine and season as factors affecting variability of trihalomethanes in small drinking water systems

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第1期9卷 171-179页

作者： Roberta DYCK genevieve COOL Manuel RODRIGUEZ Rehan SADIQ School of Engineering University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna V1V 1V7 Canada Ecole superieure d'amenagement du territoire Universite Laval Quebec G1V 0A6 Canada

Seasonal variability in source water can lead to challenges for drinking water providers related to operational optimization and process control in treatment facilities. The objective of this study is to investigate seasonal variability of water quality in municipal small water systems （〈 3000 residents） supplied by surface waters. Residual chlorine and trihalomethanes （THM） were measured over seven years （2003-2009）. Comparisons are made within each system over time, as well as between systems according to the type of their treatment technologies. THM concentrations are generally higher in the summer and autumn. The seasonal variability was generally more pronounced in systems using chlorination plus additional treatment. Chloroform, total THM （TTHM） and residual chlorine concentrations were generally lower in systems using chlorination plus additional treatment. Conversely, brominated THM concentrations were higher in systems using additional treatment. Residual chlorine was highest in the winter and lowest in the spring and summer. Seasonal variations were most pronounced for residual chlorine in systems with additional treatment. There was generally poor correlation between THM concentrations and concentrations of residual chlorine. Further study with these data will be beneficial in finding determinants and indicators for both quantity and variability of disinfection byproducts and other water quality parameters.

关键词： drinking water residual chlorine seasonal variability small municipal systems treatment technologies trihalomethanes

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Evolutionary consequences of deception： Complexity and informational content of colony signature are favored by social parasitism

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 137-148页

作者： Maria Cristina LORENZI Laura AZZANI Anne-genevieve BAGNRRES Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of Turin via Accademia Albertina 13 10123 Torino Italy I.R.B.I. - UMR CNRS 7261 - Universit6 de Tours Facult6 des Sciences Parc Grandmont 37200 Tours France

Nestmate recognition codes show remarkable chemical complexity, involving multiple biochemical pathways. This complexity provides the opportunity to evaluate the ecological and social conditions that favor the evolution of complex signaling. We investigated how the chemical signatures of three populations of the social paper wasp Polistes biglumis differed in terms of concentration of hydrocarbons, proportions of branched hydrocarbons and overall variation. We tested whether the variation in chemical signatures among populations could be explained by the prevalence of social parasites or whether this was just an effect of local abiotic conditions which influenced the composition of the hydrocarbon cuticular layer. We studied the chemical signa- ture in three populations in which obligate social parasites differed in the selection pressures they imposed on host populations. Within each population, we restricted our analyses to non-parasitized hosts, to avoid potential short-term effects of parasite pres- ence on the host chemical signatures. We found that host colonies in parasitized populations had more diverse profiles than the parasite-free population. Moreover, the overall concentration of hydrocarbons and the relative proportion of branched hydrocar- bons were larger in the parasitized populations, relative to the non-parasitized one. This is to our knowledge the first evidence in favour of the hypothesis that different traits in the host chemical signatures as a whole undergo evolutionary changes resulting from directional or balancing selection imposed by social parasites. We conclude that obligate social parasites act as ＇engines of diversity＇ on host chemical signatures and operate in favor of a geographic mosaic of diverging communication codes

关键词： Polistes Brood parasitism Cipher Nestmate recognition Hydrocarbons Geographic mosaic Crozier's paradox

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In vivo and in vitro use of plasma membrane DNA in the detection and follow-up of systemic lupus erythematosus

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第3期3卷 200-201页

作者： Jacqueline Keyhani Ezzatollah Keyhani genevieve Servais Jean Duchateau Laboratory for Life Sciences 19979 TehranIran Immunology Department University Hospital BrugmannU.L.B.BrusselsBelgium

Dear Editor,Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the patient’s tissues,resulting in inflammation and damage(Tan et al.,1982).SLE is associated with the presence of abnormally elevated titers of a variety of antibodies,including antibodies to doublestranded(ds)DNA,in the serum(Egner,2000).

关键词： lupus erythematosus damage vivo

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Chemical Analysis of Tire Traces in Traffic Accidents Investigation

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第2期1卷 99-108页

作者： Line Gueissaz genevieve Massonnet Faculty of Law Criminal Justice and Public AdministrationSchool of Criminal JusticeUniversity of LausanneBatochimeCH-1015 Lausanne-DorignySwitzerland

The aim of the forensic investigation of traffic accidents is to help establish the nature and/or the circumstances of the *** might be done with the purpose of determining the legal responsibilities of each person involved or to provide families,with a reconstruction of the events,to help understand why their relatives were injured or killed.A methodology for the comparison of chemical profiles of tire traces and tire tread samples obtained by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been *** profiles are represented by relative abundances of 86 *** variability of the tread within and between 12 tires was *** the level of the source as"brand and model"the intra-variability was found to be smaller than the inter-variability leading to the complete discrimination of the 12 tires of the sample *** tests were carried out on a racetrack in order to produce tire traces which origin was *** results obtained with a supervised classification method showed that more than 94%of the replicates of the traces were correctly assigned to the class membership(i.e.,brand and model)of the tire at their *** results support that the chemical profile of one trace does not differ from the chemical profile of the tire at its origin but differs generally from the other chemical profiles of the sample set.

关键词： Car chemometrics pyrolysis road rubber tire marks tread

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New Findings Validate an Ancient Technique:How Massage Affects the Biochemistry of Inflammation

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2012年第7期18卷 483-484页

作者： genevieve HSIA 陈可冀 Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine College Cardiovascular Disease Center of Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

Massage is a manual soft tissue manipulation, and includes holding, causing movement, and/or applying pressure to the body defined by American Massage Therapy Association （AMTA）. References to massage can be found in many ancient civilizations. The ancient Chinese medical book called Huangdi＇s Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing, 2760 BC） recommended ＂use massage therapy for treatment of numbness caused by channels blockage.＂

关键词： In New Findings Validate an Ancient Technique AMTA

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Gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism against cannibalism and intraguild predation

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Insect Science 2016年第4期23卷 612-620页

作者： Claudia Roberge Bruno Frechette genevieve Labrie Francois Dumont Eric Lucas Universite du Quebec a Montreal Departement des Sciences Biologiques CP 8888 Succ. Centre Ville Montreal Centre de recherche sur les grains Inc (CEROM) 740 chemin Trudeau St-Mathieu-de-Beloeil Quebec J3G OE2 Canada

Coccinellid pupae use an array of defensive strategies against their natural enemies. This study aims to assess the efficiency of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against intraguild predators and cannibals in coccinellid. The study was designed specifically （i） to determine the natural occurrence of gregarious pupation in the field for different coccinellid species, and （ii） to evaluate the adaptive value of gregarious pupation as a defensive mechanism against 2 types of predators （i.e., cannibals and intraguild predators）. In the field, gregarious pupation consisted of a group of 2-5 pupae. The proportion of gregarious pupation observed varied according to species, the highest rate being observed with Harmonia axyridis Pallas （Coccinellidae; 14.17%）. Gregarious pupation had no impact on the probability that intraguild predators and cannibals locate pupae. Intraguild predation occurred more often in site with gregarious pupation, while cannibalism occurred as often in site with gregarious pupation as in site with isolated pupa. However, for a specific pupa, the mortality rate was higher for isolated pupae than for pupae located in a gregarious pupation site both in the presence of intraguild predators and in the presence of cannibals. The spatial location of pupae within the group had no impact on mortality rate. Since it reduces the risk of predation, it is proposed that gregarious pupation act as a defensive mechanism for 11. axyridis pupae.

关键词： attack abatement Coccinellidae dilution effect encounter effect grouping behavior Pentatomidae Selfish herd

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Effectiveness of royal jelly supplementation in glycemic regulation:A systematic review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2019年第2期10卷 96-113页

作者： Kamel Omer Maxwell J Gelkopf genevieve Newton Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Guelph

BACKGROUND Royal jelly(RJ)has been observed to have therapeutic properties in diabetic individuals,including the reduction of high blood *** systematic review synthesized existing evidence to investigate the effectiveness of RJ supplementation in managing measures of blood *** To determine the effectiveness of RJ supplementation on glycemic responses in healthy and non-insulin dependent diabetic adults,as well as animal models of *** This was a systematic review employing the PRISMA ***-reviewed,published articles were extracted from several databases using key words related to target population,intervention and outcome and hand-selected for *** articles proceeded to data extraction phase,where information on target parameters and effectiveness of treatment was *** this,the risk of bias for each included study was ***,the long-term and immediate effectiveness of RJ supplementation in glycemic control were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluations(GRADE)tool,which rates the quality of *** Of 168 articles extracted from database searching,eighteen were included for analysis in this systematic *** the studies,studied populations,intervention styles and outcome measures were largely *** this,the results in studies indicate a general trend of positive effect of RJ in glycemic regulation in vitro and in ***,some dose-dependent glycemic effects were observed,along with some large effect *** risk of bias for human and animal studies is generally low-unclear risk,although lack of blinding is a serious concern in both ***,as per the GRADE tool,the quality of evidence is low,and very low for long-term and immediate effectiveness of RJ,respectively.A major limitation affecting evidence quality is the heterogeneity among included *** blood glucose and glucose clearance a

关键词： Royal jelly Type 2 diabetes Dietary supplement Glycemic control 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid Hyperglycemia Adults Animals

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Gestational age-specific neonatal mortality in Hong Kong:a population-based retrospective study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第2期19卷 158-169页

作者： Xue-Lian Wang Eman Leung genevieve Po Gee Fung Hugh Simon Lam Department of Neonatology Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CenterGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child HealthGuangzhouChina Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Paediatrics 6/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences BuildingPrince of Wales HospitalSha TinNew TerritoriesHong Kong SARChina

Background The neonatal period is the most vulnerable period during childhood,with the risk of death being the highest even in developed countries/*** Kong’s neonatal mortality(1‰)is among the world’s lowest and has remained similar for 15 *** study aimed to explore neonatal deaths in Hong Kong in detail and determine whether neonatal mortality is reducible at such a low *** Live births in public hospitals in Hong Kong during 01 Jan 2006–31 Dec 2017 were *** data were extracted from the electronic medical *** age-specific mortality was calculated,and the trends were analyzed using the Cochran–Armitage trend *** of death were summarized,and risk factors were identified in multivariate logistic regression *** In 490,034 live births,755 cases(1.54‰)died during the neonatal period,and 293(0.6‰)died during the post-neonatal *** neonatal mortality remained similar overall(P=0.17)and among infants born at 24–29 weeks’gestation(P=0.4),while it decreased in those born at 23(P=0.04),30–36(P<0.001)and≥37(P<0.001)weeks’*** born at<27 weeks’gestation accounted for a significantly increased proportion among cases who died(27.6%to 51.9%),with hemorrhagic conditions(24%)being the leading cause of *** anomalies were the leading cause of death in neonates born≥27 weeks’gestation(52%),but its cause-specific mortality decreased(P=0.002,0.6‰to 0.41‰),with most of the decrease attributed to trisomy 13/18 and multiple *** Reduction of neonatal mortality in developed regions may heavily rely on improved quality of perinatal and neonatal care among extremely preterm infants.

关键词： Cause of death Neonatal mortality Population based Risk factor Trend

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