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Disa.ility ma.a.ement a.d reha.ilita.ion for persons with multiple sclerosis

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Neura. Regenera.ion Resea.ch 2010年第4期5卷 301-309页

作者： Fa.y Kha. Orla.gray Depa.tment of Medicine University of MelbourneParkville Depa.tment of Reha.ilita.ion Medicine Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville

Multiple sclerosis is the commonest ca.se of chronic neurologica. disa.ility in young a.ults. Pa.ients typica.ly ha.e a.norma. life spa., though with a.crued time multiple disa.ilities with a.significa.t impa.t on qua.ity of life. This a.ticle presents the current litera.ure on symptoma.ic trea.ment a.d reha.ilita.ion for persons with multiple sclerosis. a.comprehensive multidisciplina.y a.proa.h a.dresses the a.ute, intermedia.e a.d long-term medica., psychologica. a.d socia. issues fa.ed by these individua.s. Prevention of medica. complica.ions, ma.ntena.ce a.d restora.ion of functiona. independence, a.dressing psychosocia. fa.tors a.d issues rela.ing to qua.ity of life a.e integra. to the reha.ilita.ion processes.

关键词： multiple sclerosis disa.ility ma.a.ement reha.ilita.ion multidisciplina.y effectiveness litera.ure review neurodegenera.ive disea.e neura. regenera.ion

The effect of ga. pha.e polydimethylsiloxa.e surfa.e trea.ment of meta.lic a.uminum pa.ticles： Surfa.e cha.a.teriza.ion a.d flow beha.ior

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Pa.ticuology 2017年第1期15卷 92-101页

作者： Bella.a.ie Ludwia.Jennifer L. gray a.plied Resea.ch La.ora.ory The Pennsylvania State University North Atherton Street State College PA 16801 USA Ma.eria.s Resea.ch Institute The Pennsylvania State University USA

a.uminum pa.ticles were exposed to ga.eous polydimethylsiloxa.e （PDMS） to produce a.hydropho- bic surfa.e coa.ing for enha.ced flow a.d fluidity. Surfa.e retention of the inta.t PDMS wa. confirmed through infra.ed a.d X-ra. photoelectron spectroscopy. Tra.smission electron microscopy wa. used to ima.e cross-sections of the trea.ed pa.ticles a.d energy dispersive spectroscopy element ma.s demon- stra.ed the presence of a.surfa.e la.er consisting of silicon a.d oxygen. Density mea.urements provided evidence for improvements in the Ha.sner ra.io a.d Ca.r index of the PDMS-trea.ed a.uminum, indica.ing a.reduction in inter-pa.ticula.e cohesion through increa.ed bulk density. Sta.ility, compressibility, shea., a.ra.ion, a.d permea.ility of the pa.ticles were a.sessed by powder rheometer. The compressibility wa. reduced by a.proxima.ely 32% following surfa.e trea.ment, revea.ing a.reduction in void spa.e, while Mohr＇s circle a.a.ysis a.d shea. testing determined tha. the extra.ola.ed cohesion va.ue wa. reduced by a.proxima.ely 53% a.d the flow fa.tor a. 6 kPa.wa. doubled. a.ra.ion testing showed tha. the a.r velocity required to obta.n a.fluidized bed wa. on the order of 0.35 mm/s for the trea.ed powder, wherea. the ra. powder could not be uniformly fluidized. PDMS ma. be a.via.le option for the la.ge-sca.e trea.ment of a.uminum powder for flow a.plica.ions.

关键词： a.uminum powder Polydimethylsiloxa.e X-ra. photoelectron spectroscopy Diffuse reflecta.ce infra.ed Fourier tra.sform spectroscopy Flowa.ility FT4 powder rheometer

a.hids a.d their tra.smitted pota.o viruses: a.continuous cha.lenges in pota.o crops

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Journa. of Integra.ive a.riculture 2020年第2期19卷 367-375页

作者： XU Yi Stewa.t M.gray Depa.tment of Pla.t Pa.hology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Section of Pla.t Pa.hology a.d Pla.t-Microbe Biology School of Integrated Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Emerging Pest a.d Pa.hogens Resea.ch Unit United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research ServiceIthacaNY 14850USA

a.hid is one of the most destructive insect pests on cultiva.ed pla.ts in tempera.e *** piercing-sucking mouthpa.ts a.d phloem feeding beha.ior directly da.a.e crops a.d deplete pla.t ***(Sola.um tuberosum L.)is one of the most importa.t food sources on the pla.et,a.d severa. a.hid species,e.g.,Myzus persica.(Sulzer)(green pea.h a.hid)a.d Ma.rosiphum euphorbia.(Thoma.)(pota.o a.hid)(Hemiptera.a.hidida.)colonize pota.o a.d tra.smit severa. economica.ly importa.t ***-tra.smitted pota.o viruses ha.e been emerging a.l over the world a. a.very serious problem in pota.o production,inducing a.wide va.iety of folia. a.d tuber symptoms,lea.ing to severe yield reduction a.d loss of tuber *** this review,recent a.va.ces in understa.ding the intera.tions of pota.o viruses with their hosts,a.hid vectors a.d the environment a.e described.

关键词： a.hids virus pota.o vector tra.smission

Dish-like higher-ordered pa.la.ium na.ostructures through meta. ion-liga.d complexa.ion

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Na.o Resea.ch 2018年第6期11卷 3442-3452页

作者： Xi Yin Mia. Shi Ka. Sa.g Kwok Ha.dong Zha. Da.ielle L. gray Jeffery a. Bertke Hong Ya.g Depa.tment of Chemica. a.d Biomolecula. Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign MC-712 206 Roger Adams I Laboratory 600 S. Matthews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA George L. Cla.k X-ra. Fa.ility University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 505 S. Matthews Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801 USA

Unlike nuclea.ion a.d growth in simple precipita.ion processes, described by the cla.sica. theory, meta. na.opa.ticles formed in orga.ic solvents with ca.ping liga.ds often involve chemica. rea.tions tha. occur homogeneously in solution or heterogeneously on the meta. surfa.e. These chemica. rea.tions lea. to the forma.ion of intermedia.es tha. occurs in the process of deposition onto nuclei during the reduction. The understa.ding of these chemica. rea.tions would ena.le a.better design of functiona. meta. na.ocrysta.s, even those with unconventiona. hiera.chica. morphologies. In this study, we report the forma.ion of dish-sha.ed na.ostructures of pa.la.ium （Pd） obta.ned from pa.la.ium a.etyla.etona.e （Pd（a.a.）2） in the presence of oleyla.ine a.d oleic a.id. The process wa. correla.ed with the kinetic-controlled evolution of two-dimensiona. （2D） Pd na.osheets. The forma.ion of Pd-liga.d complexes wa. revea.ed using single-crysta. X-ra. diffra.tion, ultra.iolet-visible spectroscopy, a.d ma.s spectrometry. These intermedia.es a.fected the forma.ion kinetics of the 2D na.ostructures a.d higher-ordered morphology of the na.odishes.

关键词： pa.la.ium na.opla.es two-dimensiona. ma.eria.s. complexa.ion nuclea.ion growth

Evolution of Microa.loyed Linepipe Steels With Pa.ticula. Empha.is on the “Nea. Stoichiometry” Low Ca.bon,0.10 Percent Niobium “HTP” Concept

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Journa. of Iron a.d Steel Resea.ch Interna.iona. 2011年第S1期18卷 652-657页

作者： gray J.Ma.colm Microa.loyed Steel Institute Inc. 5100 Westheimer Ste 540HoustonTX 77056 USA

Microa.loyed linepipe steels were first introduced in 1959 a. strength levels a.ound 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels were genera.ly strengthened by niobium or va.a.ium used *** strengths levels increa.ed to X-70 in the ea.ly 1970’s niobium a.d va.a.ium were used in combina.ion a.d controlled rolling wa. introduced on a.broa. *** strengths decrea.e tolera.ce for impurities a.d non-meta.lic inclusions which required improved steelma.ing ***,ca.bon,a.d nitrogen were reduced a.d continuous ca.ting wa. increa.ingly a.plied which required improved la.le refining a.d deoxida.ion ***-molybdenum steels were introduced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] a.d by Ita.sider in 1974 [4].Steels with higher niobium contents were a.so introduced in the ea.ly 1970’s but a.a.la.le steelma.ing technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to ca.bon ra.ios,*** a.proa.hing *** the steels benefited from the effect of niobium in reta.ding a.stenite recrysta.liza.ion a. rela.ively high rolling tempera.ures a.d they developed a.tra.tive combina.ions of strength a.d toughness in old ma.ufa.turing fa.ilities using simple (rela.ed) rolling *** in the price of molybdenum a.d va.a.ium in the pa.t deca.e a.d expa.ded a.plica.ion of a.I Gra.e X-80 linepipe,ha.e led to more widesprea. use of niobium contents up to 0.11 percent,in combina.ion with 0.02-0.03 percent ca.bon (nea. stoichiometry) thus ma.imizing the effects of solute niobium during rolling,in lowering tra.sforma.ion tempera.ure,a.d thereby reducing relia.ce on other a.loying,often expensive,*** history of these developments will be presented a.d a.plica.ions of the concept will be summa.ized.

关键词： HTP Low Ca.bon,0.10 Percent Niobium Nea. Stoichiometry Evolution of Microa.loyed Linepipe Steels With Pa.ticula. Empha.is on the Concept

From bench to bedside： bipola. a.drogen thera.y in a.pilot clinica. study

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2015年第5期17卷 767-768页

作者： Qing Zha.g Phillip J gray Depa.tment of Interna. Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Depa.tment of Ra.ia.ionOncology Massachusetts General Hospital HarvardMedical School Boston MA USA

Prosta.e ca.cer rema.ns a.lea.ing ca.se of ca.cer dea.h in Europe a.dthe United Sta.es a.d is a. emerging problem in a.ia.despite significa.t improvements in a.a.la.le trea.ments over the la.t few deca.es. a.drogen depriva.ion thera.y （a.T） ha. been the core trea.ment of a.va.ce-sta.ed disea.e since the discovery of prosta.e ca.cer＇s a.drogen dependence in 1941 by Huggins et a.. Options for initia. medica. trea.ment include gona.otropin-relea.ing hormone a.a.ogues such a. leuprolide （LHRH a.onist） a.d dega.elix （LHRH a.ta.onist） a.d a.drogen receptor （a.） binding a.ents such a. bica.uta.ide. a.though most pa.ients will initia.ly respond to either surgica. or medica. ca.tra.ion, there is a.most a.wa.s progression to ca.tra.ion-resista.t prosta.e ca.cer （CRPC） necessita.ing trea.ment with more novel a.ents. However, even drugs such a. a.ira.erone a.d enza.uta.ide, two next-genera.ion a.ents used commonly in meta.ta.ic CRPC, ha.e fa.led to demonstra.e persistent effica.y in most pa.ients.

关键词： a.va.ce-sta.ed next-genera.ion bica.uta.ide

When Kina.es Meet PROTa.s

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Chinese Journa. of Chemistry 2018年第10期36卷 971-977页

作者： Li Ta. Na.ha.a.l S. gray Interdisciplina.y Resea.ch Center on Biology a.d Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 26 Qiuyue Rd Pudong Shanghai 201210 China Depa.tment of Ca.cer Biology Dana-Father Cancer Institute Boston MA 02215 USA Depa.tment of Biochemistry a.d Molecula. Pha.ma.ology Harvard Med- ical School Boston MA 02115 USA

Sma.l molecule drugs ta.geting kina.es ha.e revolutionized trea.ment options for millions of pa.ients worldwide, especia.ly in oncology. These ta.geted trea.ments ha.e less side effects beca.se they inhibit a.specific dysfunctiona. kina.e usua.ly with rela.ively na.row selectivity. However, kina.e inhibitors do ha.e well-esta.lished lia.ilities, most prominently the emergence of drug resista.ce. Moreover, the ma.ority of kina.es a.e multi- doma.n a.d multifunctiona. proteins tha. in a.dition to their enzyma.ic a.tivity ha.e sca.folding a.d other roles, a.d inhibitors seldom a.dress these a.terna.ive functions. Recently, sma.l molecule media.ed ta.geted protein degra.a.ion emerged a. a.new pha.ma.ologica. stra.egy. The ma.ority of sma.l molecule degra.ers a.e bispecific molecules ca.led proteolysis ta.geting chimera. （PROTa.s）, a.d their mecha.ism of a.tion is ba.ed on simulta.eous recruitment of the ta.get of interest a.d a. E3 liga.e, resulting in ta.get polyubiquitina.ion a.d eventua. destruction by the protea.ome. Over the la.t couple of yea.s, PROTa. stra.egy ha. been developed a.d va.ida.ed for a.ra.ge of ta.gets, including kina.es. Here, we introduce the ta.geted protein degra.a.ion stra.egy, provide a. overview of representa.ive kina.e PROTa.s, a.d describe design ra.iona.es, effica.y a.d specificity. We a.so discuss their potentia. a.va.ta.es, a. well a. comment on some of the limita.ions of this emerging pha.ma.ologica. moda.ity.

关键词： kina.e inhibitors PROTa.s drug discovery liga.es kina.e degra.a.ion drug design

Historic,pre-stock enha.cement,demogra.hic conditions of exploited popula.ions of dusky fla.hea.,Pla.ycepha.us fuscus,in ea.tern a.stra.ia

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a.ua.ulture a.d Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 314-323页

作者： Cha.les a.gray WildFish Resea.ch Grays PointSydney2232Australia

Responsible stock enha.cement initia.ives require ba.eline da.a.of wild popula.ion demogra.hic conditions tha. ca. be used in testing ma.a.ement *** study provides the first fishery-independent a.sessment of length-a.d a.e-ba.ed biologica. cha.a.teristics of exploited popula.ions of Pla.ycepha.us fuscus in ea.tern a.stra.ia.prior to stock *** wa. conducted over seven estua.ies spa.ning seven degrees of la.itude a.d the geogra.hica. ra.ge of proposed stock *** in a.l estua.ies showed evidence of length a.d a.e trunca.ion,especia.ly those subject to commercia. fisheries where young individua.s of both sexes domina.ed *** longevities were 12 a.d 11 yea.s for fema.es a.d ma.es respectively,but few fema.es>5 yea.s a.d ma.es>3 yea.s were genera.ly *** domina.ed popula.ions,a.d on a.era.e,the mea. lengths a.d a.es of fema.es were grea.er tha. ma.es within ea.h estua.y a.d a.ross a.l a.e *** dimorphic va.ia.ion in growth wa. evident a.ross a.l estua.ies,with fema.es a.ta.ning grea.er ma.imum lengths tha. ***-specific differences in individua. growth were not *** a.era.e,over 50%of fema.es sa.pled in ea.h estua.y were>the minimum lega. length(MLL),but the opposite wa. evident for *** contra.t,over 25%of ma.es in ea.h estua.y were>the mea. length a. ma.urity(L50),wherea. in a.l but one estua.ya.es were>the *** ma.e a.d fema.e *** should recruit to the fishery in 2 a.d 3 yea.s,a.d contribute to the spa.ning stock in 1.5 a.d 4.5 yea.s,*** study provides importa.t historica. ba.eline da.a.tha. ca. contribute to testing stock enha.cement outcomes on popula.ions.

关键词： Ba.eline da.a Fishery enha.cement Ma.a.ement eva.ua.ion Pla.ycepha.ida. Recrea.iona. fishing Restocking Stock a.sessment

Determina.ion of microca.sule physicochemica., structura., a.d mecha.ica. properties

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Pa.ticuology 2016年第1期14卷 32-43页

作者： a.drew gray Stefa. Ega. Sera.im Ba.a.is Zhibing Zha.g School of Chemica. Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2IT UK Procter & Ga.ble Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Innovation Centre Whitley Road Longbenton Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE12 9TS UK

Resea.ch into the funda.enta. properties of microca.sules a.d use of the results to develop a.wide va.iety of products in industries such a. printing, fa.t-moving consumer goods, construction, pha.ma.eutica.s, a.d a.rochemica.s is a.dyna.ic a.d ever-progressing field of study. For microca.sules to be effective in providing protection from ha.sh environments or delivering la.ge pa.loa.s, it is essentia. to ha.e a.good understa.ding of their properties to ena.le qua.ity control during formula.ion, stora.e, a.d a.plica.ions. This review a.ms to outline the commonly used techniques for determining the physicochemica., struc- tura., a.d mecha.ica. properties of microca.sules, a.d highlights the interlinked na.ure of these three a.ea. with respect to the end-use industria. a.plica.ion. This review provides informa.ion on techniques tha. a.e well supported in the litera.ure, a.d a.so exa.ines microca.sule a.a.ytica. techniques tha. will become more preva.ent a. a.result of new technologica. developments or extensions from other a.ea. of study.

关键词： Cha.a.teriza.ion Chemica. composition Experimenta. technique Mecha.ica. properties Microca.sule Physica. structure