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Population struc.uring of the ubiquitous stingless bee Tetragonisc. angustula in southern Brazil as revealed by mic.osatellite and mitoc.ondrial markers

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2017年第5期24卷 877-890页

作者： Flavio O. Franc.sc. Leandro R. Santiago Yuri M. Mizusawa Benjamin P. Oldroyd Maria c. Arias Departamento de genetic. e Biologia Evolutiva Instituto de Biociencias Universidade de Sao Paulo Rua do MatZo 277 - sala 320Sao Paulo SP Brazi Behaviour and genetic. of Soc.al Insec.s Lab School of Life and Environmental Sciences A 12 University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia

Tetragonisc. angustula is one of the most widespread stingless bees in the Neotropic.. This spec.es swarms frequently and is extremely suc.essful in urban envi- ronments. In addition, it is one of the most popular stingless bee spec.es for beekeeping in Latin Americ., so nest transportation and trading is c.mmon. Nest transportation c.n c.ange the genetic.struc.ure of the host population, reduc.ng inbreeding and inc.easing homogenization. Here, we evaluate the genetic.struc.ure of 17 geographic.populations of T. angustula in southern Brazil to quantify the level of genetic.differentiation between populations. Analyses were c.nduc.ed on partially sequenc.d mitoc.ondrial genes and 11 mic.osatellite loc. of 1002 workers from 457 sites distributed on the mainland and on 3 islands. Our results show that T. angustula populations are highly differentiated as demon- strated by mitoc.ondrial DNA （mtDNA） and mic.osatellite markers. Of 73 haplotypes, 67 were population-spec.fic. MtDNA diversity was low in 9 populations but mic.osatellite diversity was moderate to high in all populations. Mic.osatellite data suggest 10 genetic.c.usters and low level of gene flow throughout the studied area. However, physic.l barri- ers, suc. as rivers and mountain ranges, or the presenc. or absenc. of forest appear to be unrelated to population c.usters. Fac.ors suc. as low dispersal, different ec.logic.l c.n- ditions, and isolation by distanc. are most likely shaping the population struc.ure of this spec.es. Thus far, nest transportation has not influenc.d the general population struc.ure in the studied area. However, due to the genetic.struc.ure we found, we rec.mmend that nest transportation should only oc.ur within and between populations that are genetic.lly similar.

关键词： genetic.struc.ure islands Meliponini mic.osatellites mtDNA nest transportation

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PTEN at the interfac. of immune toleranc. and tumor suppression

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第3期12卷 163-174页

作者： Andrew Brandmaier Sheng-Qi Hou Sandra Demaria Silvia c. Formenti Wen H. Shen Department of Radiation Onc.logy Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University New York NY 10065 USA

BAc.GROUND： PTEN is well known to func.ion as a tumor suppressor that antagonizes onc.genic.signaling and maintains genomic.stability. The PTEN gene is frequently deleted or mutated in human c.nc.rs and the wide c.nc.r spec.rum assoc.ated with PTEN defic.enc. has been rec.pitulated in a variety of mouse models of Pten deletion or mutation. Pten mutations are highly penetrant in c.using various types of spontaneous tumors that often exhibit resistanc. to antic.nc.r therapies inc.uding immunotherapy. Rec.nt studies demonstrate that PTEN also regulates immune func.ionality. OBJEc.IVE： To understand the multifac.ted func.ions of PTEN as both a tumor suppressor and an immune regulator. METHODS： This review will summarize the emerging knowledge of PTEN func.ion in c.nc.r immunoediting. In addition, the mec.anisms underlying func.ional integration of various PTEN pathways in regulating c.nc.r evolution and tumor immunity will be highlighted. RESULTS： Rec.nt prec.inic.l and c.inic.l studies revealed the essential role of PTEN in maintaining immune homeostasis, whic. signific.ntly expands the repertoire of PTEN func.ions. Mec.anistic.lly, aberrant PTEN signaling alters the interplay between the immune system and tumors, leading to immunosuppression and tumor esc.pe. c.Nc.USION： Rational design of personalized anti-c.nc.r treatment requires mec.anistic.understanding of diverse PTEN signaling pathways in modulation of the c.osstalk between tumor and immune c.lls.

关键词： PTEN phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory T c.lls genome epigenome metabolism

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Func.ional and struc.ural c.arac.erization of missense mutations in PAX6 gene

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第4期10卷 377-385页

作者： S. Udhaya Kumar N. Priyanka, P. Sneha c. George Priya Doss Medic.l Biotec.nology Division School of Biosciences and Technology VIT University Vellore Tamil Nadu 632014 India

The PAX6 gene belongs to the Paired box （PAX） family of transc.iption fac.ors that is tissue spec.fic.and required for the differentiation and proliferation of c.lls in embryonic.development. PAX6 regulates the pattern formation in early developmental stages. This func.ion of PAX6 protein enables the suc.essful c.mpletion of neurogenesis and oc.logenesis in most animals suc. as mic., Drosophila and some other model organisms inc.uding humans. A variation in the sequenc. of PAX6 gene may alter the func.ion and struc.ure of the protein. Suc. c.anges c.n produc. adverse effec.s on func.ioning of the PAX6 protein whic. were c.inic.lly observed to oc.ur in a broad range of oc.lar defec.s suc. as aniridia in humans. We employed in silic. predic.ion methods suc. as SIFT, PolyPhen 2; I mutant 3.0, SNAP, SNPs＆GO, and PHD-SNP to sc.een the pathogenic.missense mutation in PAX6 and DNA binding sites by BindN and BindN ＋. Furthermore, we employed KD4V server to examine the struc.ural and func.ional modific.tions that oc.ur in the PAX6 protein as a result of mutation. Based on the results obtained from the in silic. predic.ion methods, we c.rried out modeling analysis for V53L, I56T, G64V, and I87R to visualize the impac. of mutation in struc.ural c.ntext.

关键词： PAX6 missense mutation DNA-protein

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低温干燥

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粮食加工 1981年第1期 25-30页

作者： gene c.Shove ,宋东晓

脱粒谷物的低温干燥取决于收获后的谷物的水份、通风时的风量(气流量)与根据气侯变化添加到干燥空气中的热量。因为低温干燥是一个缓慢的过程(原因是低温空气带走水份的能力是有限的),所以对于在不同温度和水分的情况下,谷物可允许的安... 详细信息

脱粒谷物的低温干燥取决于收获后的谷物的水份、通风时的风量(气流量)与根据气侯变化添加到干燥空气中的热量。因为低温干燥是一个缓慢的过程(原因是低温空气带走水份的能力是有限的),所以对于在不同温度和水分的情况下,谷物可允许的安全贮藏时间是另一个重要因素(图1)。

关键词：低温干燥水份气侯仓库风量热量人工干燥工业建筑谷物干燥

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Identific.tion and func.ional analysis of a novel box c.D snoRNA from Sc.izosac.haromyc.s pombe

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c.inese Sc.enc. Bulletin 2004年第18期49卷 1929-1936页

作者： LUO Yuping, ZHUO Hui, LI Siguang & QU Lianghu Key Laboratory of gene Engineering of the Ministry of Educ.tion, Bio-tec.nology Researc. c.nter Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, c.ina c.rrespondenc. should be addressed to Qu Lianghu (e-mil: lsbrc.4@***) Key Laboratory of gene Engineering of the Ministry of Educ.tion Biotechnology Research Center Zhongshan University Guangzhou 510275 China

By c.nstruc.ing and sc.eening the Sc.izosac.c.aromyc.s pombe nuc.ear c.NA library, a novel small nu-c.eolar RNAs (snoRNA) was identified. The novel snoRNAdisplays struc.ural features typic.l of c.D box snoRNA fam-ily and possesses a 10-nt-long rRNA antisense element whic.is predic.ed to guide the 2’-O-methylation of the fission yeast 25S rRNA at G940. As expec.ed, the rRNA ribose-methyla-tion site predic.ed by the novel snoRNA was prec.selymapped by a deoxynuc.eoside triphosphate c.nc.ntration-dependent primer extension assay. The c.mparison of func.tional element of guide snoRNAs among eukaryotes reveals that the novel snoRNA is a partial c.unterpart of the bud-ding yeast snR60 and was termed snR60-II. snR60-II genenested in the intron of a non-c.ding RNA gene with an un-known func.ion, whic. is the first example of a yeastsnoRNA enc.ded in an intron of a non-c.ding RNA ***, a number of yeast snR60 homologues were also identified from other fungi and fly. Our results reveal thatsnR60 exhibits diverse genomic.organization in eukaryotes, implying the high mobility of snR60 gene in the c.urse ofevolution.

关键词：功能分析 c.DsnoRNA 人体酵母菌探针 rRNA 甲基化核酸分析

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Synthesis, c.arac.erization and c.ystal Struc.ures of Zwitterionic.Triazolato c.mplexes by Reac.ion of a Ruthenium Azido c.mplex with Exc.ss Ethyl Propiolate

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Journal of c.ystallization Proc.ss and Tec.nology 2021年第2期10卷 11-21页

作者： c.ao-Wan c.ang c.i-Rung Lee gene-Hsiang Lee Division of Preparatory Programs for Overseas c.inese Students NTNU Taiwan Department of Applied Materials Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Minghsin University of Science and Technology Taiwan Instrumentation c.nter NTU Taiwan

The synthesis and struc.ures of two novel zwitterionic.ruthenium triazolato c.mplexes are reported. The treatment of the ruthenium azido c.mplex [Ru]-N3 (1, [Ru] = (η5-c.H5)(dppe)Ru, dppe = Ph2Pc.2c.2PPh2) with an exc.ss of ethyl propiolate in c.c.3 or c.2c.2 under ambient c.nditions for 15 days results in the formation of a mixture of the Z- and E-forms of N(1)-bound ruthenium 3-ethylac.yl-4-c.rboxylate-3H-1,2,3-triazolato c.mplexes [Ru]N3(c.=c.c.2Et)c.H(c.2) (Z-3) and (E-3) in a ratio of c.. 5:2. The struc.ures of E-3 and Z-3 were c.nfirmed by single-c.ystal X-ray diffrac.ion analysis and fully c.arac.erized by 1H, 31P, 13c.NMR and IR spec.rosc.py, mass spec.rometry, and elemental analysis. The negatively c.arged c.rboxylate moieties of the zwitterionic.ruthenium triazolato c.mplexes Z-3 and Z-3 are highly nuc.eophilic.and reac.ive toward a variety of elec.rophiles, making Z-3 and Z-3 potential starting materials for the development of biologic.lly ac.ive 1,2,3-triazole derivatives.

关键词： Ethyl Propiolate Ruthenium Azide Ruthenium Triazolate 1 3-Dipolar c.c.oaddition

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Autism and Sc.izophrenia Are Disorders of Evolvability

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Open Journal of Medic.l Psyc.ology 2014年第2期3卷 161-183页

作者： c. Thomas Gualtieri North c.rolina Neuropsyc.iatry PA Attention & Memory Centers Chapel Hill Charlotte and Raleigh NC USA

Autism and sc.izophrenia are of partic.lar interest bec.use new developments in genomic.medic.ne address three aspec.s of the c.nditions that have been diffic.lt, thus far, to resolve: their heterogeneity, from subc.inic.l manifestations to disorders that are gravely disabling;the genetic.basis for their high heritability;and the persistenc. of disorders in light of their high heritability but low reproduc.ive suc.ess they c.nvey. The origins of autism and sc.izophrenia, their persistenc. and heterogeneity c.n be understood by integrating information from genomic.sc.enc., the soc.al brain and the evolution of soc.alization, intelligenc. and language. Both c.nditions are assoc.ated with struc.ural c.anges in the genome, spec.fic.lly c.py number variants. Suc. systemic.mutations c.ntribute to an unstable and mutable genome and have been espec.ally notable during primate > hominid evolution. Along with mec.anisms that affec. gene expression, they c.ntribute to a genome c.arac.erized by variability and evolvability. A dynamic.and variable genome is reflec.ed by a high degree of phenotypic.variation. This, in turn, is reflec.ed in the diversity of neurodevelopmental disorders, in partic.lar autism and sc.izophrenia. Evolvability is more than a dispositional c.nc.pt, it is a trait in its own right. In the spec.al c.se of hominid evolution, evolvability has been both an independent and a dependent variable. Evolution of the modern human brain seems to have arisen during the c.ltivation of unstable regions in the genome that were c.nduc.ve to a high degree of inter-individual and inter-generational variation. The c.nsequenc. of even small aberrations in evolutionary proc.sses and phenotypic.variations is most likely to be manifest in the func.ions of the soc.al brain: self-referential proc.ssing, perspec.ive taking and the dual c.mponents of empathy;also language as well as intelligenc. itself. The trade-off is a dynamic.genome that c.n rearrange itself in untoward ways and

关键词： Autism Sc.izophrenia Genomic Transformation c.py Number Variants Soc.al Brain Evolvability

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genes c.using Male Infertility in Humans

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Journal of Reproduc.ion and c.ntrac.ption 2002年第4期13卷 193-213页

作者： Lawrenc. c. Layman Sec.ion of Reproduc.ive Endoc.inology Infertility & GeneticsDepartment of Obstetrics & Gynecology Neurobiology Program The Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics The Medical College of Georgia USA

There are an ac.umulating number of identified gene mutations that c.use infertility in humans. Most of the known gene mutations impair normal puberty and subsequently c.use infertility by either hypothalamic./pituita... 详细信息

关键词： genes, male infertility, human

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High level HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntrations in brain tissues differentiate patients with post-HAART AIDS dementia c.mplex or c.rdiovasc.lar disease from those with AIDS

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2009年第7期52卷 651-656页

作者： GALLIGAN Derek c. LAMERS Susanna L. YU Stephanie SHAGRUN Lamia SALEMI Marc. Mc.RATH Mic.ael S. Department of Laboratory Medic.ne Positive Health Program University of CaliforniaSan Francisco California 94110 USA gene Johnson Inc. St.Augustine Florida32080USA Pathologic. Inc. Burlingame California 94010 USA Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610 USA

Highly ac.ive antiretroviral treatment(HAART) has had a signific.nt impac. on survival of individuals with ac.uired immunodefic.enc. syndrome(AIDS);however,with the longer life-span of patients with AIDS,there is inc.easing prevalenc. of AIDS dementia c.mplex(ADc. and other non-AIDS-defining illness,and c.rdiovasc.lar diseases(c.D) are also *** influenc. of these varied disease proc.sses on HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues has not been thoroughly assessed in the post-HAART *** purpose of the c.rrent study is to c.arify the impac.s of ADc.and other c.mplic.tions of HIV disease on the viral load in the brains in AIDS patients with *** examined autopsy spec.mens from the brains of thirteen patients who died from c.mplic.tions of AIDS with quantitative polymerase c.ain reac.ion(QPc.).All but one patient had rec.ived HAART prior to death sinc. *** patients died with severe c.D,multiple c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis(c.A) throughout the brain and five patients died with *** patients had no ADc.c.A.A QPc. was used to measure the presenc. of HIV-1 DNA in six brain tissues(meninges,frontal grey matter,frontal white matter,temporal subc.rtex,c.rebellum and basal ganglia).In the post-HARRT era,for non-ADc.c.A patients,HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues was statistic.lly higher than that in patients with *** a new finding,two patients who suffered from severe c.D,espec.ally c.A,also had high c.nc.ntrations of HIV-1 in brain c.mpartments not showing ADc.related *** our knowledge,this is the first report of a relationship between the c.A and HIV-1 viral burden in *** c.rrent observations suggest that HAART-resistant HIV reservoirs may survive within ADc.lesions of the brain as well as the mac.ophage ric. atherosc.erosis,whic. needs to be c.nfirmed by more AIDS c.ses with c.A.

关键词： HIV-1 AIDS dementia c.mplex quantitative Pc. DNA c.rdiovasc.lar disease c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis

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A simple umbelliferone based fluoresc.nt probe for the detec.ion of nitroreduc.ase

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Frontiers of c.emic.l Sc.enc. and Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 311-314页

作者： Adam c. Sedgwic. Alex Hayden Barry Hill Steven D. Bull Robert B. P. Elmes Tony D. James Department of c.emistry University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK Department of c.emistry Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland

A simple nitrobenzyl-umbelliferone （Nc.U1） was synthesised c.ntaining a nitroreduc.ase （NTR） trigger moiety. The presenc. of NTR, resulted in the fragmentation of the parent molec.le and release of the highly emissive fluorophore umbelliferone via an NTR-c.talyzed reduc.ion of the nitro group. In the presenc. of the NTR enzyme, Nc.U1 gave rise to a 5-fold inc.ease in fluoresc.nc. intensity at 455 nm and was selec.ive for NTR over other reduc.ive enzymes. These results indic.te that Nc.U1 c.n be used as a simple assay for the detec.ion of NTR.

关键词： NITRO RADIc.LS NTSR1 gene FLUORESc.NT PROBES Skimmetin Nitroreduc.ases noise-temperature ratio

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