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Influences of Co-Flow and Counter-Flow Modes of Reactant Flow Arrangement on a PEMFC at Start-Up

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1337-1356页

作者： Qianqian Shao Min wang nuo Xu School of Petroleum Engineering Guangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming525000China Mechanics Division Beijing Computational Science Research CenterBeijing100193China

To investigate the influences of co-flowand counter-flowmodes of reactant flowarrangement on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)during start-up,unsteady physical and mathematical models fully coupling the flow,heat,and electrochemical reactions in a PEMFC are *** continuity equation and momentum equation are solved by handling pressure-velocity coupling using the SIMPLE *** electrochemical reaction rates in the catalyst layers(CLs)of the cathode and anode are calculated using the Butler-Volmer *** multiphase mixture model describes the multiphase transport process of gas mixtures and liquid water in the fuel *** validation,the influences of co-flow and counter-flow modes on the PEMFC performance are investigated,including the evolution of the current density,flow field,temperature field,and reactant concentration field during start-up,as well as the steady distribution of the current density,reactant concentration,andmembrane water content when the start-up ***-flow and counter-flow modes influence the current density distribution and temperature *** the one hand,the co-flow mode accelerates the start-up process of the PEMFC and leads to a more evenly distributed current density than the counter-flow *** the other hand,the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet sections of the cell is up to 10.1℃ under the co-flow mode,much larger than the 5.0℃ observed in the counter-flow ***,the counter-flowmode results in a more evenly distributed temperature and a lower maximum temperature than the co-flow ***,in the flow field design of a PEMFC,the reactant flow arrangements can be considered to weigh between better heat management and higher current density distribution of the cell.

关键词： PEMFC full coupling model Butler-Volmer equation multiphase mixture model co-flow mode counter-flow mode

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Corrosion behaviors and kinetics of nanoscale zero-valent iron in water:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 391-406页

作者： Chenliu Tang Xingyu wang Yufei Zhang nuo Liu Xiang Hu Research Group of Water Pollution Control and Water Reclamation College of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringShanghai Polytechnic UniversityShanghai 201209China

Knowledge on corrosion behaviors and kinetics of nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)in aquatic environment is particularly significant for understanding the reactivity,longevity and stability of nZVI,as well as providing theoretical guidance for developing a cost-effective nZVI-based technology and designing large-scale ***,this review gives a holistic overview on the corrosion behaviors and kinetics of nZVI in ***,Eh-pH diagram is introduced to predict the thermodynamics trend of iron *** morphological,structural,and compositional evolution of(modified-)nZVI under different environmental conditions,assisted with microscopic and spectroscopic evidence,is then ***,common analytical methods and characterization technologies are categorized to establish time-resolved corrosion kinetics of nZVI in ***,stable models for calculating the corrosion rate constant of nZVI as well as electrochemical methods for monitoring the redox reaction are discussed,emphasizing their capabilities in studying the dynamic iron corrosion ***,in the future,more efforts are encouraged to study the corrosion behaviors of nZVI in long-term practical application and further build nanoparticles with precisely tailored *** expect that our work can deepen the understanding of the nZVI chemistry in aquatic environment.

关键词： Nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) Corrosion behaviors Corrosion kinetics nZVI evolution

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Oils with different degree of saturation:effects on ileal digestibility of fat and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1657-1668页

作者： Lu wang Yifan Chen Yuansen Yang nuo Xiao Changhua Lai State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry CentreChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100193China College of Animal Science and Technology Hebei Agricultural UniversityHebei 071000China

Background Oils are important sources of energy in pig *** combination of oils with different degree of saturation contributes to improve the utilization efficiency of the mixed oils and may reduce the cost of oil *** experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oils with different degree of saturation on the fat digestibility and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing *** Eighteen crossbred(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)barrows(initial body weight:29.3±2.8 kg)were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal *** experimental diets included a fat-free basal diet and 5 oil-added *** 5 oil-added diets were formulated by adding 6%oil with different ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids(U:S)to the basal *** 5 oils were palm oil(U:S=1.2),canola oil(U:S=12.0),and palm oil and canola oil were mixed in different proportions to prepare a combination of U:S of 2.5,3.5 and 4.5,*** The apparent and standardized ileal digestibility(AID and SID)of fat and fatty acids increased linearly(P<0.05)as the U:S of dietary oils increased except for SID of fat and C18:*** AID and SID of fat and fatty acids differed among the dietary treatments(P<0.05)except for SID of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA)and C18:*** one-slope broken-line analyses for the SID of fat,saturated fatty acids(SFA)and UFA indicated that the breakpoint for U:S of oil was 4.14(R^(2)=0.89,P<0.01),2.91(R^(2)=0.98,P<0.01)and 3.84(R^(2)=0.85,P<0.01),*** determined SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and UFA in the mixtures was not different from the calculated SID of fat,C18:1,C18:2 and ***,the determined SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA in the mixtures were greater than the calculated SID values(P<0.05).The abundance of Romboutsia and Turicibacter in pigs fed diet containing palm oil was greater than that in rapeseed oil treatment group,and the two bacteria were negatively correlated with SID of C16:0,C18:0 and SFA(P<0.05).

关键词： Additivity Bacterial community Fat and fatty acids Growing pigs Ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids Standardized ileal digestibility

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Equilibrium Strategy of the Pursuit-Evasion Game in Three-Dimensional Space

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第2期11卷 446-458页

作者： nuo Chen Linjing Li Wenji Mao School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

The pursuit-evasion game models the strategic interaction among players, attracting attention in many realistic scenarios, such as missile guidance, unmanned aerial vehicles, and target defense. Existing studies mainly concentrate on the cooperative pursuit of multiple players in two-dimensional pursuit-evasion games. However, these approaches can hardly be applied to practical situations where players usually move in three-dimensional space with a three-degree-of-freedom control. In this paper,we make the first attempt to investigate the equilibrium strategy of the realistic pursuit-evasion game, in which the pursuer follows a three-degree-of-freedom control, and the evader moves freely. First, we describe the pursuer's three-degree-of-freedom control and the evader's relative coordinate. We then rigorously derive the equilibrium strategy by solving the retrogressive path equation according to the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs(HJBI) method, which divides the pursuit-evasion process into the navigation and acceleration phases. Besides, we analyze the maximum allowable speed for the pursuer to capture the evader successfully and provide the strategy with which the evader can escape when the pursuer's speed exceeds the threshold. We further conduct comparison tests with various unilateral deviations to verify that the proposed strategy forms a Nash equilibrium.

关键词： Differential game equilibrium strategy pursuit-evasion game threedegree-of-freedom control

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Research on visual sensitivity characteristics of amorphous silicon photocells

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第7期20卷 385-392页

作者： wang Yan CAI nuo ZHOU Xiaodi LU Yabin wang Chunyan FAN Xinmin Department of Physics and Electronic Information Weifang UniversityWeifang 261061China Shandong North Optical Electronics Co. Ltd.China North Industries GroupTaian 271000China College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

This study delves into the feasibility of using amorphous silicon photocells as photosensitive units for retinal ***,theoretical simulations coupled with experimental results demonstrated its strong light absorption and quantum efficiency within the 300—800 nm ***,measurements on its visual sensitivity properties were *** findings revealed that under photopic vision conditions,the photocells could provide the stimulating current required for the human retinal nerve ***,the visual spectral sensitivity curve of the amorphous silicon photocells was assessed,and the results indicated that the spectral sensitivity curve of the amorphous silicon photocells closely mirrors the visual function curve of the human eye under photopic conditions,demonstrating a response to light across various wavelengths.

关键词： amorphous visual range

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Primordial black holes and curvature perturbations from false vacuum islands

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期67卷 58-72页

作者： Rong-gen Cai Yu-Shi Hao Shao-Jiang wang School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Recently,much attention has been focused on the false vacuum islands that are flooded by an expanding ocean of true-vacuum bubbles slightly later than most of the other parts of the *** delayed decay regions will accumulate locally larger vacuum energy density by staying in the false vacuum longer than those already transited into the true vacuum.A false vacuum island with thus acquired density contrast of a super-horizon size will evolve locally from radiation dominance to vacuum dominance,creating a local baby Universe that can be regarded effectively as a local closed *** such density contrasts of super-horizon sizes can ever grow large enough to exceed the threshold of gravitational collapse,primordial black holes will form similar to those collapsing curvature perturbations on super-horizon scales induced by small-scale enhancements during *** not,such density contrasts can still induce curvature perturbations potentially observable *** this paper,we revisit and elaborate on the generations of primordial black holes and curvature perturbations from delayed-decayed false vacuum islands during asynchronous first-order phase transitions with fitting formulas convenient for future model-independent studies.

关键词： first-order phase transitions primordial black holes curvature perturbations

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Optimal Planning of Hybrid AC/DC Low-voltage Distribution Networks Considering DC Conversion of Three-phase Four-wire Low-voltage AC Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 141-153页

作者： Bo Zhang Lu Zhang Wei Tang gen Li Chen wang the College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China the Electric Energy Group Department of Engineering TechnologyTechnical University of Denmark(DTU)2750 BallerupDenmark the Power Distribution Technology Center State Grid Beijing Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100075China

The increasing integration of distributed household photovoltaics(PVs)and electric vehicles(EVs)may further ag gravate voltage violations and unbalance of low-voltage distribu tion networks(LVDNs).DC distribution networks can increase the accommodation of PVs and EVs and mitigate mutilple pow er quality problems by the flexible power regulation capability of voltage source *** paper proposes schemes to es tablish hybrid AC/DC LVDNs considering the conversion of the existing three-phase four-wire low-voltage AC systems to DC op *** characteristics and DC conversion constraints of typical LVDNs are *** addition,converter configura tions for typical LVDNs are proposed based on the three-phase four-wire characteristics and quantitative analysis of various DC ***,an optimal planning method of hybrid AC/DC LVDNs is proposed,which is modeled as a bi-level programming model considering the annual investments and three-phase *** are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal planning *** ulation results show that the proposed optimal planning method can increase the integration of PVs while simultaneously reduc ing issues related to voltage violation and unbalance.

关键词： Optimal planning low-voltage distribution net work three-phase unbalance DC conversion

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In situ protonation in a locally flexible porous coordination polymer for enhancing proton-carrier loading and proton conductivity

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第10期67卷 3432-3437页

作者： Xianzhe Wei Jincheng Liu Yan Su Weitao wang Guixiang wang gen Zhang Ping wang Cheng Gu State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Designing efficient proton-conductive materials is crucial in fuel ***,it remains a substantial challenge because of the issues in proton mobility,proton-carrier amount,and orientation of proton host ***,we report an in-situ protonation strategy to produce a locally flexible porous coordination polymer(PCP)to enhance the proton-carrier loading and proton *** local dipole flipping of the ligand allows effective proton exchange with low activation energy,promoting interpore proton transport through the pore apertures and pore *** protonation induces substantial charges to the frameworks and enhances the interaction with proton carriers,thereby increasing the loading of the proton *** this design strategy,the resulting PCP exhibits enhanced phosphoric acid loading and extraordinary proton conductivities under both aqueous and anhydrous conditions compared to its isoreticular analog that features rigidity without proton-exchange *** work provides a new avenue for designing proton-conductive materials that combine structural dynamics with performance merits.

关键词： porous coordination polymers in-situ protonation local flexibility proton-exchange mechanism proton conduction

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Enhancing cancer immunotherapy:Nanotechnology-mediated immunotherapy overcoming immunosuppression

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 3834-3854页

作者： Yunna Chen Qianqian Zhou Zongfang Jia nuo Cheng Sheng Zhang Weidong Chen Lei wang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology(Brain diseases) Anhui University of Chinese MedicineHefei 230012China MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Hefei 230012China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formul1 Hefei 230012China

Immunotherapy is an important cancer treatment method that offers hope for curing cancer *** immunotherapy has achieved initial success,a major obstacle to its widespread adoption is the inability to benefit the majority of *** success or failure of immunotherapy is closely linked to the tumor’s immune ***,there has been significant attention on strategies to regulate the tumor immune microenvironment in order to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses in cancer *** distinctive physical properties and design flexibility of nanomedicines have been extensively utilized to target immune cells(including tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs),T cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs),and tumor-associated fibroblasts(TAFs)),offering promising advancements in cancer *** this article,we have reviewed treatment strategies aimed at targeting various immune cells to regulate the tumor immune *** focus is on cancer immunotherapy models that are based on nanomedicines,with the goal of inducing or enhancing anti-tumor immune responses to improve *** is worth noting that combining cancer immunotherapy with other treatments,such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and photodynamic therapy,can maximize the therapeutic ***,we have identified the challenges that nanotechnology-mediated immunotherapy needs to overcome in order to design more effective nanosystems.

关键词： Immunotherapy Nanomedicine Tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment Cancer T cells Immunogenic cell death Immune checkpoint inhibitors Extracellular matrix

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Evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in gastric cancer:Insights from immune checkpoint inhibitors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第32期30卷 3726-3729页

作者： Yu-nuo Yang Li-Sheng wang Yan-Qi Dang Guang Ji Institute of Digestive Diseases Longhua HospitalChina-Canada Center of Research for Digestive DiseasesShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200032China Department of Biochemistry University of OttawaOttawa K1H 8M5ONCanada

The emergence of immunotherapy,particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),represents a groundbreaking approach to treating gastric cancer(GC).However,the prognosis of GC patients receiving ICI treatment is influenced by various *** manuscript identified sarcopenia and myosteatosis as independent prognostic factors impacting the outcomes of GC patients treated with ***,this study introduced a visual predictive model to estimate the prognosis of GC *** confirmed by further studies,this observation could provide valuable insights to propel the advancement of personalized clinical medicine and the integration of precision medicine practices.

关键词： Gastric cancer Immune checkpoint inhibitors Sarcopenia Myosteatosis Prediction model

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