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Exploring the novel role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in phagocytosis:beyond myelinogenesis

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 473-474页

作者： gen Hamanaka Ken arai Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA

Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing *** precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around *** myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)***,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.

关键词： critical system conduction

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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Urethral Foreign Body: A Case Study

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Open Journal of Urology 2022年第8期12卷 421-426页

作者： Koukichi Murakami Isao Kuroda Go Nagao Kanta Fukusima Naohiro Kamoda gen arai Teiichiro Aoyagi Department of Urology Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center Ibaraki Japan Department of Urology Tokyo Medical University Hospital Tokyo Japan Department of Radiology Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center Ibaraki Japan

Foreign body insertion in the urethra and bladder is not uncommon and has been reported in many studies to date. However, since foreign bodies are often accidentally introduced into the urethra and bladder during masturbation, they take a variety of shapes and sizes. Furthermore, patient self-reports are typically unreliable as many patients feel ashamed;thus, appropriate preoperative diagnosis is critical. Diagnosis of foreign body insertion in the urethra and bladder is performed using imaging modalities such as abdominal X-ray and computed tomography (CT). However, single-energy CT (SECT) is not sufficient in detecting foreign bodies in some cases. In the present study, we report a successful preoperative identification of urethral foreign body in a patient using dual-energy CT (DECT).

关键词： Dual-Energy CT Urethral Foreign Body

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Do phagocytotic mechanisms regulate soluble factor secretion in microglia?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 974-975页

作者： gen Hamanaka Kelly K.Chung Ken arai Neuroprotection Research Laboratory Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA

Microglia are responsible for phagocytosis in the brain:Phagocytosis,one of the major mechanisms of innate immune defense,is the process by which several types of cells in the immune system recognize,engulf,and digest large particles,such as pathogens and cell *** the brain,microglia play phagocytotic roles to regulate the micro-environment of brains under both physiological and pathological conditions.

关键词： conditions. mechanisms debris

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Growth and Reproductive Activity of a Captive Female Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from Japanese Water

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第3期7卷 305-314页

作者： Kazutoshi arai gen Nakamura Yoshiaki Maeda Etsuko Katsumata Hiroshi Katsumata Kazuyoshi Taya Hidehiro Kato Kamogawa Sea World Higashi-cho Kamogawa Chiba Japan Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Konan Minato Tokyo Japan International Marine Biological Research Institute Kamogawa Sea World Higashi-cho Kamogawa Chiba Japan

This report describes growth and annual reproductive cycle of female harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) rescued from Japanese water in 2007. The maximum body length was 179 cm and body weight was 69.8 kg. The average daily food consumption was 7.0 kg (ranging 3.7 - 9.9 kg), 11.8% of the body weight. In this report, the porpoise was kept in 17 °C water annually and the blubber thicknesses showed almost constant throughout the year (average 18 mm, range 13 - 22 mm). Therefore, we added new evidence to this hypothesis by showing that body weight and the blubber thickness do not fluctuate seasonally in fixed water temperature. Serum progesterone level of the female showed five peaks from September to November, and each cycle lasted the average of 20.5 days. Such result indicates that harbour porpoise exhibits seasonal polyestrous activity.

关键词： Harbour Porpoise Female Growth Reproductive Activity Japanese Water

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Matching of the Gray Whales of off Sakhalin and the Pacific Coast of Japan, with a Note on the Stranding at Wadaura, Japan in March, 2016

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第2期7卷 168-178页

作者： gen Nakamura Hiroshi Katsumata Yujin Kim Minoru Akagi Ayumi Hirose Kazutoshi arai Hidehiro Kato Laboratory of Cetacean Biology Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology Tokyo Japan Kamogawa Sea World Kamogawa Japan

The coast of Japan is a migratory corridor for the western stock of the gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), which was once considered as extinct and remains endangered. According to the historical records, from 1955 to 2014, only 21 gray whales occurrence has been recorded in 59 years. However, from 2015 to 2016, intensive occurrence including the seven sightings and the two strandings were noted. In this paper, we found that those sightings were re-sightings of the same individual, which was initially sighted off Sakhalin during August, 2014. On 4 March, 2016, a young female gray whale (8.9 m in body length) was stranded at Wadaura beach, Chiba prefecture. We also conducted research on this animal including taking pictures and external measurements. In addition, we flensed this animal to observe the internal organs and collect a skeletal specimen. The reason for the death of this animal remains unclear;however, from its external characteristics, we identified that this animal was not an identical one, sighted off Sakhalin and the coast of Japan from 2014 to 2016. On 5 April, 2016, another young female gray whale (7 m in body length) was stranded at arai beach, Shizuoka prefecture. We concluded that from 2015 to 2016, at least three distinct gray whales have migrated along the coast of Japan.

关键词： Gray Whale Eschrichtius robustus Stock Stranding

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Devonian to Permian evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean:New evidence from U–Pb zircon dating and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes of the Darrehanjir–Mashhad “ophiolites”,NE Iran

Devonian to Permian evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean:New ...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2015年度（第15届）...

作者： Hadi Shafaii Moghadam Xian-Hua Li Xiao-Xiao Ling Robert J.Stern Mohamed Zaki Khedr Massimo Chiaradia Ghasem Ghorbani Shoji arai Akihiro Tamura State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Earth Sciences Damghan University Geosciences Dept. University of Texas at Dallas Department of Earth Sciences Kanazawa University Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh University Département de Minéralogie Université de Genève

Middle to Late Paleozoic ophiolites,which are remnants of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean,are aligned in two main zones in northern Iran:Darrehanjir-Fariman-Mashhad,and Rasht in the north and Jandagh-Anarak ophiolites to the *** new U-Pb zircon dating results show that the-200 km long Darrehanjir-Mashhad mafic-ultramafic body is not a single ophiolite but a composite igneous complex composed of Permian pillow lavas and pelagic sediments in fault contact with a small outcrop of Devonian intrusive and ultramafic *** intrusive rocks have U-Pb zircon ages of 380.6±3.7 Ma and 382.9±3.7 Ma respectively,-100 Ma older than published ages for gabbros and radiolarites intercalated with lavas near Mashhad and *** peridotites from the Devonian complex contain low Cr#spinel,similar to that in MORB-type *** Darrehanjir gabbros and Permian Mashhad sequences both have boninitic and calc-alkaline signatures,***δOvalues from the Devonian ferrodiorite(δO-4.6±0.3‰)are slightly lower than the 5.2 to5.4‰expected for MORB-type zircons whereas Devonian plagiogranitic zircons mostly haveδO103)and lowεNd(genicPb/Pb andPb/Pb,indicating the involvement of subducted terrigenous sediments in the *** Mashhad-Darrehanjir mafic-ultramafic complex demonstrates that this part of Paleo-Tethys evolved from oceanic crust formation above a subduction zone in Devonian time to accretionary convergence in Permian *** Paleozoic ophiolites and oceanic igneous complexes along with those of the Caucasus and Turkey in the west and Afghanistan,Turkmenistan

关键词： Paleozoic ophiolites U–Pb zircon dating Zircon εHf(t) Komatiite Supra-subduction zone-type magmatism

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