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Dietary xylo‑oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Carla Castro Shahram Niknafs gemma.gonza.ez‑ortiz Xinle Tan Michael R.Bedford Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier *** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler *** A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight were recorded *** d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics *** Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol *** analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization ***-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal *** Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved gr

关键词： Actin Arabinoxylans Broiler Cell turnover Energy metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosaccharides

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Blood-brain barrier pathology in cerebral small vessel disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1233-1240页

作者： Ruxue Jia gemma Solé-Guardia Amanda J.Kiliaan Department of Medical Imaging Anatomy Radboud University Medical Center Donders Institute for Brain Cognition & Behavior Center for Medical Neuroscience Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME Radboud Alzheimer Center

Cerebral small vessel disease is a neurological disease that affects the brain microvasculature and which is commonly observed among the elderly. Although at first it was considered innocuous, small vessel disease is nowadays regarded as one of the major vascular causes of dementia. Radiological signs of small vessel disease include small subcortical infarcts, white matter magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensities, lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces, cerebral microbleeds, and brain atrophy; however, great heterogeneity in clinical symptoms is observed in small vessel disease patients. The pathophysiology of these lesions has been linked to multiple processes, such as hypoperfusion, defective cerebrovascular reactivity, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Notably, studies on small vessel disease suggest that blood-brain barrier dysfunction is among the earliest mechanisms in small vessel disease and might contribute to the development of the hallmarks of small vessel disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide a new foundation in the study of small vessel disease pathology. First, we discuss the main structural domains and functions of the blood-brain barrier. Secondly, we review the most recent evidence on blood-brain barrier dysfunction linked to small vessel disease. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on future perspectives and propose potential treatment targets and interventions.

关键词： blood-brain barrier dysfunction cerebral blood flow cerebral hypoperfusion endothelial dysfunction hypertension inflammation magnetic resonance imaging neurovascular unit oxidative stress small vessel disease tight junctions transcytosis

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Correlation between mechano-electronic features and scattering rates using deformation potential theory

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第2期76卷 166-181页

作者： Meryem Ziati Sanaa Lahlali Hamid ez-Zahraouy Laboratory of Condensed Matter and Interdisciplinary Sciences `Unitéde recherche labellisée CNRST'Faculty of SciencesMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco Mohammed VI Polytechnic University(UM6P) BenGuerir 43150Morocco

This research paper provides valuable insight into the electronic,mechanical and transport properties of the Sr_(2)RuO_(2)F_(2)*** study shows that the Sr_(2)RuO_(4)compound exhibits a metallic ground state and that the energy gap widens with oxygen substitution with *** concept of absolute deformation potential and its correlation with band energies and strains is explained using deformation potential *** paper also examines the mechanical features of Sr_(2)RuO_(2)F_(2)using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation method and analyzes its elastic constants,bulk modulus and shear modulus,indicating flexibility and suitability for optoelectronic *** role of acoustic phonons in scattering rates and carrier mobility in Sr_(2)RuO_(2)F_(2)and its potential for phonon-mediated superconductivity is *** intrinsic resistivity of electrons and holes under strain and its potential impact on superconductivity and electrical resistivity are also *** insight provided by this study contributes to the current understanding of Sr_(2)RuO_(2)F_(2),and its potential applications.

关键词： density functional theory deformation potential theory scattering rates carrier mobility intrinsic resistivity

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Are we ready to use new endoscopic scores for ulcerative colitis?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1466-1469页

作者： Rodrigo Quera Paulina Núñez F Universidad de los Andes Inflammatory Bowel Disease ProgramClinica Universidad de los AndesDigestive Disease CenterSantiago 7600976RMChile Digestive Disease Center Inflammatory Bowel Disease ProgramClínica Universidad de los AndesSantiago 7620157Chile Department of Gastroenterology Universidad de Chile-Hospital San Juan de DiosSantiago 770123Chile

For ulcerative colitis(UC),the variability in inflammatory activity along the colon poses a challenge in *** focus on achieving endoscopic healing in UC is evident,where the UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and Mayo Endoscopic Subscore are commonly used for ***,these indices primarily consider the most severely affected *** et al recent study validates the Toronto Inflammatory Bowel Disease Global Endoscopic Reporting(TIGER)score offering a comprehensive assessment of inflammatory activity across diverse segments of the colon and rectum and a reliable index correlating strongly with UC Endoscopic Index of Severity and moderately with Mayo Endoscopic Subscore(MES).Despite recommendation,certain aspects warrant further *** calprotectin,an intermediate target,correlates with TIGER and should be *** TIGER scores defining endoscopic remission and response,evaluating agreement with histological activity,and assessing inter-endoscopist agreement for TIGER require *** the correlation between TIGER and intestinal ultrasound,akin to MES,adds value.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Score index

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Role of lipids in the control of autophagy and primary cilium signaling in neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 264-271页

作者： María Paz Hernández-Cáceres Daniela Pinto-Nuñez Patricia Rivera Paulina Burgos Francisco Díaz-Castro Alfredo Criollo Maria Jose Yañez Eugenia Morselli Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas(ICOD) Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Medicine and ScienceUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile Physiology Department Faculty of Biological SciencesPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas&Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Autophagy Research Center SantiagoChile

The brain is,after the adipose tissue,the organ with the greatest amount of lipids and diversity in their composition in the human *** neurons,lipids are involved in signaling pathways controlling autophagy,a lysosome-dependent catabolic process essential for the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis and the function of the primary cilium,a cellular antenna that acts as a communication hub that transfers extracellular signals into intracellular responses required for neurogenesis and brain development.A crosstalk between primary cilia and autophagy has been established;however,its role in the control of neuronal activity and homeostasis is barely *** this review,we briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the role of autophagy and the primary cilium in *** we review the recent literature about specific lipid subclasses in the regulation of autophagy,in the control of primary cilium structure and its dependent cellular signaling in physiological and pathological conditions,specifically focusing on neurons,an area of research that could have major implications in neurodevelopment,energy homeostasis,and neurodegeneration.

关键词： autophagic flux cholesterol fatty acids GPCR lysosomal storage diseases neurons NPC1 phosphoinositides primary cilium

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Genetic and epigenetic targets of natural dietary compounds as anti-Alzheimer's agents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 846-854页

作者： Willian Orlando Castillo-Ordoñez Nohelia Cajas-Salazar Mayra Alejandra Velasco-Reyes Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Exactas y de la Educación Departamento de Biología.Universidad del Cauca Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos Universidad Icesi

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia that principally affects older *** factors,such as oxidative stress,an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity,mitochondrial dysfunction,genotoxicity,and neuroinflammation are present in this syndrome,which leads to *** pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease are considered late-onset diseases caused by the complex combination of genetic,epigenetic,and environmental *** are two main types of Alzheimer’s disease,known as familial Alzheimer’s disease(onset<65 years)and late-onset or sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(onset≥65 years).Patients with familial Alzheimer’s disease inherit the disease due to rare mutations on the amyloid precursor protein(APP),presenilin 1 and 2(PSEN1 and PSEN2)genes in an autosomaldominantly fashion with closely 100%*** contrast,a different picture seems to emerge for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease,which exhibits numerous non-Mendelian anomalies suggesting an epigenetic component in its ***,the fundamental pathophysiological mechanisms driving Alzheimer’s disease are interfaced with epigenetic ***,the dynamic nature of epigenetics seems to open up new avenues and hope in regenerative neurogenesis to improve brain repair in Alzheimer’s disease or following injury or stroke in *** recent years,there has been an increase in interest in using natural products for the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer’s *** epigenetic mechanisms,such as DNA methylation,non-coding RNAs,histone modification,and chromatin conformation regulation,natural compounds appear to exert neuroprotective *** we do not purport to cover every in this work,we do attempt to illustrate how various phytochemical compounds regulate the epigenetic effects of a few Alzheimer’s disease-related genes.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease epigenetics genes methylation natural products

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The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila:a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 885-900页

作者： Nicolás Flaibani Victoría Estefania ortiz Juan JoséFanara Valeria Paula Carreira Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenética y Evolucion(DEGE)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(FCEN)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Instituto de GenéticaEcologia y Evolucion de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificasy Tecnicas(CONICET)-UBABuenos AiresArgentina

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors,from the search for sexual partners,food,or breeding *** studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity,such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ***,few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in *** work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species:Drosophila buzzati Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman,and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant,and to analyze its relationship with *** detected the highest proportion of flight time in *** and *** compared to *** and ***,*** results also revealed sexual dimorphism,with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than ***,we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses(considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately).Moreover,these associations explained a low percentage of variation,suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight,such as physiological variables,should be taken into *** work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight,suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.

关键词： morphological traits time in flight wing loading wing:thorax ratio wingaspect ratio wing second moment of area

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Lack of evidence for germline WWP1 pathogenic variants in gastrointestinal polyposis and other phenotypes suggestive of PTEN-hamartoma-tumor syndrome

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 524-527页

作者： Noemi gonzalez-Abuin Tirso Pons Teresa Fuster Isabel Quintana Mariona Terradas gemma Aiza Joan Brunet Gabriel Capellá Heather Hampel Laura Valle Hereditary Cancer Program Catalan Institute of OncologyOncobell ProgramIDIBELLHospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona 08908Spain Department of Immunology and Oncology National Center for BiotechnologySpanish National Research Council (CNB-CSIC)Madrid 28049Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC) Madrid 28029Spain Catalan Institute of Oncology IDIBGiGirona 17007Spain Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutic ResearchCity of Hope National Cancer CenterDuarteCA 91010USA

Germline activating variants in WWP1,which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that antagonizes PTEN tumor suppressive function,have been proposed as an alternative mechanism of PTEN inactivation in PTEN-hamartoma-tumor syndrome(PHTS)-like patients with wildtype PTEN.1 More specifically,heterozygous,potentially activating wwP1 variants were first identified by Lee et al in patients affected with gastrointestinal oligopolyposis,including adenomatous,hyperplastic/serrated,and hamartomatous polyps,and occasionally with colorectal cancer(Table 1).Subsequently,based on the PHTS phenotypic features,wWP1 mutational screening was performed in patients with thyroid nodules,2 or normocephalic autism spectrum disorder(ASD),3 where germline WWP1 variants were also identified(Table S1).

关键词： WWP1 gastrointestinal polyposis

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The ILux^(®) compared to the mechanical meibomian gland expression for the treatment of moderate and severe meibomian gland dysfunction

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1042-1048页

作者： María Ximena Núñez Andrea Acosta-Ortega Guillermo Raul Vera-Duarte Catalina Gómez-Duarte Unit of Cornea Cataract and Refractive SurgeryVision Sana Research GroupClínica de Oftalmología de CaliFaculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Javeriana CaliCali 760031Colombia Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Javeriana CaliCali 760031Colombia Department of Ophthalmology Hospital de ClínicasNational University of AsunciónAsunción 111421Paraguay

AIM:To compare the safety and effectiveness of eyelid treatment with the ILux®-MGD Treatment System in one session versus five sessions of mechanical meibomian gland expression(MMGE)in patients with moderate to severe meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD).METHODS:A prospective,randomized,open-label,and controlled clinical trial that compared one session of the ILux®MGD Treatment System versus five sessions of MMGE in both eyes of 130 patients aged≥18y with Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)scores≥13,total meibomian gland scores(MGS)of<15 in the lower eyelid of each eye,and non-invasive tear break-up time(NI-TBUT)<10s,who were randomized 1:1 to ILux®or ***:The mean age was 58±*** total MGS scores in both treatment groups were *** follow-up,there were significant differences in total MGS and per sector with P<*** analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations corresponding to the generalized linear model for repeated means to determine the treatment relationship with total MGS,NIBUT,and *** was a significant difference between ILux®and MMGE(P<0.001)at follow-up from the first to the twelfth month in MGS,NI-BUT,and OSDI *** adverse events were ***:ILux®treatment compared to MMGE significantly improves symptoms and signs in patients with moderate to severe MGD for one year without adverse events.

关键词： meibomian gland dysfunction ILux® ocular surface dry eye

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Correcting distortions of thin-walled machined parts by machine hammer peening

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第6期37卷 439-453页

作者： Aitor MADARIAGA Mikel CUESTA Gorka ortiz-DE-ZARATE Eneko SAENZ-DE-ARGANDONA Denis SORIANO Michael B.PRIME Pedro Jose ARRAZOLA Department of Materials University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Mechanical and Industrial Production Department Faculty of EngineeringMondragon UnibertsitateaArrasate 20500Spain Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew MexicoUSA

Thin-walled aerostructural components frequently get distorted after the machining *** to correct distortions or eventually rejecting parts significantly increases the *** paper proposes a new approach to correct distortions in thin-walled components by strategically applying hammer peening on target surfaces of a machined *** alloy 7475-T7351 was chosen for this *** study was divided in two ***,the residual stresses(RS)induced by four different pneumatic hammer peening conditions(modifying the stepover distance and initial offset)were characterised in a test coupon,and one of the conditions was selected for the next *** the second stage,a FEM model was used to predict distortions caused by machining in a representative ***,the RS induced by hammer peening were included in an FEM model to define two hammer peening strategies(varying the coverage area)to analyse the capability to reduce *** workpieces were machined and then treated with the simulated hammer peening strategies for experimental *** in the test coupon showed that pneumatic hammer peening can generate high compressive RS(-50 to350 MPa)up to 800 lm depth,with their magnitude increasing with a reduced stepover *** of hammer peening over 4% of the surface of the representative workpiece reduced the machininginduced distortions by 37%,and a coverage area of 100% led to and overcorrection by a factor of *** confirms that hammer peening can be strategically applied(in target areas and changing the percentage of coverage)to correct low or severe distortions.

关键词： Aeronautics Machining,Hammer Peening Aluminium alloy Distortions Residual Stress

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