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Topical delivery of nerve growth factor for treatment of ocular and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1740-1750页

作者： gemma Eftimiadi Marzia Soligo Luigi Manni Daniela Di Giuda Maria Lucia Calcagni Antonio Chiaretti Institute of Pediatrics Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)RomeItaly Institute of Translational Pharmacology Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)RomeItaly Institute of Nuclear Medicine Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)RomeItaly

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease eye drops group B streptococcus meningitis glioma intranasal delivery neurotrophic keratitis nerve growth factor proNGF stroke traumatic brain injury

Colorectal cancer: From prevention to personalized medicine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6786-6808页

作者： gemma Binefa Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta àlex Teule Manuel Medina-Hayas Cancer Prevention and Control Program Catalan Institute of OncologyIDIBELLCIBERESPHospitalet de Llobregat08908 BarcelonaSpain Department of Clinical Sciences University of BarcelonaHospitalet de Llobregat08908 BarcelonaSpain Endoscopy Unit University Hospital of BellvitgeIDIBELLCIBERESPHospitalet de Llobregat08908 BarcelonaSpain Genetic Counseling Unit Catalan Institute of OncologyHospitalet de Llobregat08908 BarcelonaSpain Department of Morphological Sciences Universitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very heterogeneous disease that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental *** develops through a gradual accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes,leading to the transformation of normal colonic mucosa into invasive *** is one of the most prevalent and incident cancers worldwide,as well as one of the most *** 1235108 people are diagnosed annually with CRC,and 609051 die from CRC *** World Health Organization estimates an increase of77%in the number of newly diagnosed cases of CRCand an increase of 80%in deaths from CRC by *** incidence of CRC can benefit from different strategies depending on its stage:health promotion through health education campaigns(when the disease is not yet present),the implementation of screening programs(for detection of the disease in its early stages),and the development of nearly personalized treatments according to both patient characteristics(age,sex)and the cancer itself(gene expression).Although there are different strategies for screening and although the number of such strategies is increasing due to the potential of emerging technologies in molecular marker application,not all strategies meet the criteria required for screening tests in population programs;the three most accepted tests are the fecal occult blood test(FOBT),colonoscopy and *** is the most used method for CRC screening worldwide and is also the primary choice in most population-based screening programs in *** to its non-invasive nature and low cost,it is one of the most accepted techniques by *** is a very heterogeneous disease,and with a few exceptions(APC,p53,KRAS),most of the genes involved in CRC are observed in a small percentage of *** design of genetic and epigenetic marker panels that are able to provide maximum coverage in the diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia seems a reasonable *** recent years,the use of DNA,RNA and

关键词： Colorectal cancer Prevention Mass screening Biological markers Drug therapy

Dietary xylo‑oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1325-1335页

作者： Carla Castro Shahram Niknafs gemma Gonzalez‑Ortiz Xinle Tan Michael R.Bedford Eugeni Roura Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD 4072Australia AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental ***-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in *** may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier *** aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler *** A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%*** treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens *** intake and body weight were recorded *** d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics *** Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol *** analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented *** the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization ***-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal *** Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved gr

关键词： Actin Arabinoxylans Broiler Cell turnover Energy metabolism Jejunum Xylo-oligosaccharides

Globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia: prevalence and review of cases

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第10期15卷 1683-1690页

作者： Alba Gómez-Benlloch Maximiliano Olivera Jeroni Nadal gemma Julio Javier Elizalde Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer Barcelona 08021Spain Institut Universitari Barraquer Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08021Spain School of Medicine Universitat Internacional de CatalunyaBarcelona 08017Spain

AIM: To describe prevalence and different clinical signs and management of cases with penetrating eye injuries during loco-regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical records was carried out, identifying cases of globe penetration secondary to peribulbar anesthesia injection during 5 y activity in Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer. RESULTS: A total of 17 460 needle-based ocular anesthesia procedures were performed in our centre and 4 cases of globe penetration were recorded with an estimated prevalence of 0.024%. Globe penetrations were always detected in the first 24 h after surgery. Vitreous haemorrhage was found in all the cases. Two eyes presented retinal detachment and two eyes choroidal detachment(CD). The initial surgical approach was performed within the first 48 h. Silicone oil was used as tamponade in three eyes and the fourth case remained only with air. Detachments were solved successfully in all the cases. Functional results varied among cases, depending on ocular remarkable antecedent and globe penetration with or without retinal or ***: Prevalence of globe penetration during loco-regional anesthesia is low in our centre. Physicians should consider the possibility of globe penetration in eyes with postoperative atypical appearance after locoregional anesthesia. Immediate B-scan ultrasonography is recommended in suspicious cases with a dense vitreous haemorrhage. An early vitrectomy surgery in conjunction with laser or cryotherapy at the penetration sites is essential for good anatomical and functional results.

关键词： loco-regional anesthesia peribulbar retrobulbar globe penetration retina

China's Free Trade Agreements with ASEAN,Japan and Korea:A Comparative Analysis

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China & World Economy 2012年第4期20卷 108-126页

作者： gemma Estrada Donghyun Park Innwon Park Soonchan Park Economics and Research Department Asian Development Bank(ADB) Economics and Research Department ADB Division of International Studies Korea University Department of Economics and International Trade Kongju National University

The role of China in East Asia ＇s recovery from the recent global finaneial and economic crisis highlights China ＇s position as an engine of growth for this region. From the viewpoint of China, there are many potential gains from entering into free trade agreements （FTAs） with its neighbors, who collectively form a large and fast-growing market. In this paper, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the four main permutations of China＇s FTAs with East Asian major economies： China-ASEAN, China-Japan, China-Korea and ASEAN＋ 3. We compare the effects of these FTAs on China ＂s output and welfare. Our comparative analysis shows that China will gain from all three bilateral FTAs, while gaining the most from the ASEAN＋ 3. Because forming a region-wide FTA, such as the ASEAN＋ 3, is expected to be gradual and difficult, China shouM continue to engage in bilateral FTAs as a mediumterm and alternative strategy. However, in the long term, China should pursue a regionwide FTA.

关键词： ASEAN China computable general equilibrium model East Asia free trade agreement

Using fused filament fabrication to improve the tribocorrosion behaviour of 17-4 PH SS in comparison to other metal forming techniques

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2325-2343页

作者： Cristina GARCÍA-CABEZÓN Juan Alfonso NARANJO Celia GARCÍA-HERNÁNDEZ Cristina BERGES gemma HERRANZ Fernando MARTÍN-PEDROSA Materials Engineering E.I.I.Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain INEI-Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial(ETSII) Universidad de Castilla La ManchaCastilla-La Mancha 13071Spain

Fused filament fabrication(FFF)is one of the additive manufacturing processes which has gained more interest because of its simplicity and *** technology is similar to the conventional metal injection moulding(MIM)process,consisting of the feedstock preparation of metal powder and polymer binders,followed by layer-by-layer 3D printing(FFF)or injection(MIM)to create green parts and,finally,debinding and ***,both technologies provide near-dense *** work presents an in-depth study of the processing method’s *** porosity,microstructure,hardness,corrosion,and tribocorrosion behaviour are compared for 17-4 PH SS samples processed from powder by additive manufacturing using FFF and MIM,as well as conventional powder metallurgy(PM)*** samples exhibited the highest macro and microhardness,while corrosion behaviour was similar for both MIM and FFF samples,but superior in comparison to conventional PM ***,the FFF-as fabricated samples displayed a significant improvement in tribocorrosion resistance that could be explained by the higher proportion of delta ferrite and retained austenite in their microstructure.

关键词： 17-4 PH SS fused filament fabrication(FFF) metal injection moulding(MIM) corrosion behaviour powder metallurgy(PM) tribocorrosion behaviour

Prospects for ASEAN-China Free Trade Area:A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

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China & World Economy 2009年第4期17卷 104-120页

作者： Donghyun Park Innwon Park gemma Esther B.Estrada Economic and Research Department Asian Development Bank Division of International Studies Korea University

The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 CFTA）, which is set to come into effect around 2010..4CFTA aims to boost trade between two economies that are partners as well as competitors： ASEAN and China. In the present paper, we use insights from customs union theory in a qualitative analysis considering whether,4CFTA would benefit both sides. We also apply a computable general equilibrium model to perform a quantitative analysis of the same issue. Both our qualitative and quantitative analyses provide grounds for guarded optimism regarding A CFTA ＇s prospects as a vehicle for strengthening the economic partnership between ASEAN and China.

关键词： ASEAN China computable general equilibrium model economic integration free trade area

Endoscopic ultrasound radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic insulinoma in elderly patients:Three case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第19期10卷 6514-6519页

作者： gemma Rossi Maria Chiara Petrone Gabriele Capurso Stefano Partelli Massimo Falconi Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono Division of Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research CenterSan Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCSVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilano 20132Italy Department of Pancreatic Surgery Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research CenterSan Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCSVita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilano 20132Italy

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has recently been proposed as a local treatment for functional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms in patients unfit for surgery,in order to obtain clinical syndrome *** on the safety and long-term effectiveness of this approach are scarce,and EUS-RFA procedures are not *** SUMMARY The present case series reports 3 elderly patients with a pancreatic insulinoma and comorbidities,locally treated by EUS-guided RFA with clinical success in terms of hypoglycemic *** procedures were performed during deep sedation,under EUS control with a 19 G needle,an electrode 5-mm in size at a power of 30 W and multiple RFA applications during the same session in order to treat the whole area of the *** relief of symptoms was evident in 2 patients after the first EUS-RFA,while in the third patient a second endoscopic treatment was *** 3 patients are symptom-free without need of medications after 24 mo of follow-up with imaging follow-up showing no disease recurrence.A single adverse event of intraprocedural bleeding occurred,which was successfully treated *** EUS-RFA represents an effective and safe alternative to surgery for the treatment of insulinomas in elderly patients at high surgical ***,larger multicenter studies withlonger follow-up are needed in order to better assess its safety and clinical success.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Radiofrequency ablation Insulinomas Neuroendocrine neoplasms Ablative therapies Case report

Who Governs Public Health？ Donor Retreat and the Shifting Spheres of Influence in Southern African HIV/AIDS Policy Making

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Sociology Study 2012年第7期2卷 551-568页

作者： gemma Oberth University of Cape Town South Africa

For the last decade, discussions about who governs policy on prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS have revolved around the controversial relationship between Western donors and the power they have over their recipient governments. While these debates were once politically germane, recent trends show a decline of donor funding, as well as an increase of financial ownership of the epidemic within Southern Africa. Commensurate with this shifting financial influence, some well-governed, wealthy African states are beginning to deviate from global M＆E （monitoring and evaluation） indicators. These policy movements, away from global M＆E indicators, also correlate with increases in HIV prevalence, which signals the need for further investigation into policy efficacy.

关键词： HIV/AIDS policy governance donor national strategic plans (NSPs)