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How Frequently Will the Persistent Heavy Rainfall over the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin in Summer 2020 Happen under Global Warming?

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第10期39卷 1673-1692,I0016,I0017页

作者： zi-An ge Lin CHEN Tim LI Lu WANG Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China International Pacific Research Center and Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Ocean and Earth Science and TechnologyUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHawaii 96822USA

The middle and lower Yangtze River basin(MLYRB)suffered persistent heavy rainfall in summer 2020,with nearly continuous rainfall for about six consecutive *** the likelihood of persistent heavy rainfall resembling that which occurred over the MLYRB in summer 2020(hereafter 2020PHR-like event)would change under global warming is *** index that reflects maximum accumulated precipitation during a consecutive five-week period in summer(Rx35day)is *** accumulated precipitation index in summer 2020 is 60%stronger than the climatology,and a statistical analysis further shows that the 2020 event is a 1-in-70-year *** model projection results derived from the 50-member ensemble of CanESM2 and the multimodel ensemble(MME)of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models show that the occurrence probability of the 2020PHR-like event will dramatically increase under global *** on the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test,one-third of the CMIP5 and CMIP6 models that have reasonable performance in reproducing the 2020PHR-like event in their historical simulations are selected for the future projection *** CMIP5 and CMIP6 MME results show that the occurrence probability of the 2020PHR-like event under the present-day climate will be double under lower-emission scenarios(CMIP5 RCP4.5,CMIP6 SSP1-2.6,and SSP2-4.5)and 3-5 times greater under higher-emission scenarios(3.0 times for CMIP5 RCP8.5,2.9 times for CMIP6 SSP3-7.0,and 4.8 times for CMIP6 SSP5-8.5).The inter-model spread of the probability change is small,lending confidence to the projection *** results provide a scientific reference for mitigation of and adaptation to future climate change.

关键词： persistent heavy rainfall middle and lower Yangtze River basin future projection CMIP5 and CMIP6 models generalized extreme value(geV)distribution

Observation of Two-Photon Induced Excited-State Absorption Phenomena in C_(60) and C_(70) Derivatives

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第8期29卷 247-249页

作者： OUYANG Xin-Hua LU Liang ge zi-Yi Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201

Four fullerene dyads with different cabazole units,named a,b,c,d,were studied by using a femtosecond laser with 780 nm wavelength using Z-scan ***,all of them show strong two-photon induced excited-state absorption behaviors,which were observed firstly in femtosecond *** values of their excited-state absorption cross-section were up to 6.07×10^(-18),7.27×10^(-18),3.86×10^(-18) and 4.51×10^(-18) cm^(-1) for a,b,c,and d,respectively.

关键词： femtosecond methods excited

Anthropogenic influence on the occurrence of extreme drought like that in eastern China in 2019

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2023年第3期16卷 7-13页

作者： Yuqing Li Lin Chen Yinjun Zhang Xiaojun Wei Ming Sun zi-An ge Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

2019年夏秋季中国东部遭遇了七十年一遇的强持续性极端干旱事件.本文借助于CMIP6检测归因模式比较计划(DAMIP)数据,量化了人为强迫对类似2019年极端干旱事件发生概率的影响.通过比较不同外强迫因子作用下此类极端干旱事件的发生概率,发... 详细信息

2019年夏秋季中国东部遭遇了七十年一遇的强持续性极端干旱事件.本文借助于CMIP6检测归因模式比较计划(DAMIP)数据,量化了人为强迫对类似2019年极端干旱事件发生概率的影响.通过比较不同外强迫因子作用下此类极端干旱事件的发生概率,发现人为强迫可使此类极端干旱事件的发生概率提高8倍左右.进一步研究发现人为强迫引起的海表温度增暖是经向不均匀的,对应海洋大陆附近存在一个增暖大值中心,从而增强海洋大陆地区平均上升环流,通过局地Hadley环流作用导致中国东部地区平均垂直环流出现异常下沉,最终有利于中国东部极端干旱事件发生概率增加.该研究表明,人为强迫通过调制气候平均背景场从而引起极端事件发生频次的变化是人类活动影响极端气候事件的重要途径之一.

关键词：极端干旱中国东部归因分析人为强迫

Cloud Radiative Feedbacks during the ENSO Cycle Simulated by CAMS-CSM

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第4期33卷 666-677页

作者： Lin CHEN Lijuan HUA Xinyao RONG Jian LI Lu WANG Guo ZHANG Ming SUN zi'an ge Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081

This study evaluated the simulated cloud radiative feedbacks(CRF)during the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)cycle in the latest version of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences climate system model(CAMS-CSM).We conducted two experimental model simulations:the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project(AMIP),forced by the observed sea surface temperature(SST);and the preindustrial control(PIcontrol),a coupled run without flux *** found that both the experiments generally reproduced the observed features of the shortwave and longwave cloud radiative forcing(SWCRF and LWCRF)*** AMIP run exhibited better simulation performance in the magnitude and spatial distribution than the PIcontrol ***,the simulation biases in SWCRF and LWCRF feedbacks were linked to the biases in the representation of the corresponding total cloud cover and precipitation *** is interesting to further find that the simulation bias originating in the atmospheric component was amplified in the PIcontrol run,indicating that the coupling aggravated the simulation *** the PIcontrol run exhibited an apparent mean SST cold bias over the cold tongue,the precipitation response to the SST anomaly(SSTA)changes during the ENSO cycle occurred towards the relatively warmer western equatorial ***,the corresponding cloud cover and CRF shifted westward and showed a weaker magnitude in the PIcontrol run versus observational *** contrast,the AMIP run was forced by the observational SST,hence representing a more realistic *** results demonstrate the challenges of simulating CRF in coupled *** study also underscores the necessity of realistically representing the climatological mean state when simulating CRF during the ENSO cycle.

关键词： ENSO CAMS climate system model cloud radiative feedbacks ENSO cycle

Stability evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR normalization in Spodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2471-2482页

作者： SHU Ben-shui YU Hai-kuo DAI Jing-hua XIE zi-ge QIAN Wan-qiang LIN Jin-tian Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225P.R.China Agricultural genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120P.R.China

Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)is a reliable and widely used technique for analyzing the expression profiles of target genes in different species,and reference genes with stable expressions have been introduced for the normalization of the ***,stability evaluation should be considered as the initial step for qPCR *** fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(***)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a polyphagous pest that consumes many plant species and seriously threatens corn production around the ***,no studies thus far have examined the stability of reference genes in this *** this study,the expression profiles of the eight candidate reference genes of Actin,elongation factor 1 alpha(EF1α),elongation factor 2(EF2),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),ribosomal protein L3(RPL3),ribosomal protein L13(RPL13),alpha-tubulin(α-TUB),and beta-1-tubulin(β-1-TUB)were obtained from *** in different samples and the stability was evaluated byΔCt,BestKeeper,geNorm,NormFinder,and RefFinder *** results of pairwise variation(V)calculated by geNorm indicated two reference genes could be selected for ***,the combinations of the most stable reference genes for different experimental conditions of *** were shown as follows:EF2 and RPL13 for developmental stages,RPL3 andβ-1-TUB for larval tissue samples,EF2 and EF1αfor the larval samples treated with different temperatures,RPL3 and EF1αfor the larval samples under starvation stress,and RPL13 and EF1αfor all the *** results lay the foundation for the normalization of qPCR analyses in *** and could help guarantee the accuracy of subsequent research.

关键词： Spodoptera frugiperda reference genes qPCR stability evaluation different experimental conditions

Preliminary analysis of the zonal distribution of ENSO-related SSTA in three CMIP5 coupled models

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2020年第5期13卷 443-451页

作者： ge zi-an CHEN Lin Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(Klme)/joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(Ilcec)/collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD)Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina

The simulated sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA)over the tropical Pacific during El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO)is investigated in three representative coupled models:CESM1-CAM5,FGOALS-s2,and *** is found that there is a significant westward shift bias in reproducing the zonal distribution(ZD)of the ENSO-related SSTA in CESM1-CAM5 and FGOALS-s2,whereas the SSTA-ZD simulated by FGOALS-g2 is relatively *** examining the SSTA-ZD during both warm and cold phases of ENSO separately,the authors reveal that the SSTA-ZD simulation bias during the ENSO cycle mainly lies in the bias during the warm *** is noted that both the simulated zonal wind stress anomaly(τ’_x)and shortwave heat flux(SW)anomaly exhibit westward shift biases in CESM1-CAM5 and FGOALS-s2,while the counterparts in FGOALS-g2 are relatively *** westward shift biases in representingτ’_x and the SW anomaly(SWA)are attributed to the westward-shifted precipitation anomaly(PrA).It is suggested that the mean SST cold bias over the cold tongue region is the key factor behind the westward-shift bias in simulating the El Ni?o-related PrA,which leads to the westward-shiftedτ’_x and ***,the aforementioned anomaly fields,including the dynamic part(τ’_x)and thermodynamic part(SWA),contribute to the westward-shift bias in simulating the El Ni?o-related *** study provides clues for understanding the ZD simulation biases of ENSO-related fields;however,further in-depth investigation with more model simulations,especially the incoming CMIP6 simulations,is still needed to fully understand the ENSO SSTA-ZD simulation bias in coupled models.

关键词： ENSO SSTA zonal distribution coupled models simulation bias

A compensation circuit for the gain temperature drift of silicon photomultiplier tube

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2023年第4期7卷 571-577页

作者： Chang-ge zi Jin-fan Chang Ming-jie Yang Feng-fan Yang Yu-Sheng Wang Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics of China Beijing100049China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu610213SichuanChina

Background Silicon photomultiplier tube(SiPM)has been widely applied in high energy physics *** wide field of view Cherenkov telescope array of Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LHAASO)consists of 12 arrays of *** of the array includes 32*32 *** Array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes(LACT),the next generation of particle astrophysics experiment,will also adopt SiPM *** LACT will located at a high altitude,leading to a significant operating temperature variation of the *** the gain of SiPM is temperature-sensitive,in order to keep it stable,compensation for the gain is necessary by adjusting the bias voltage of *** The compensation circuit provides the bias voltage of SiPM by using a high-voltage output Digital-to-Analog Converter and several high-voltage output *** reduce the temperature drift of the gain,the compensation circuit adjust the bias voltage of SiPM according to the operating *** The compensation circuit supplies SiPM with an adjustable bias voltage from 0 to 80 V,and the adjustment step is 1.22 *** the output voltage of the compensation circuit is 64 V,the voltage ripple is 2.59 mV,and the temperature drift is 0.17 mV/℃.In the temperature range from−20 to 30℃,the compensation circuit reduces the gain temperature drift of SiPM to within 2%.

关键词： SiPM Gain Compensation LACT

A SURVEY OF THE THIRD WFAS WORLD CONFERENCE

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 1993年第4期3卷 52-53,42页

作者： ge zi Secretariat of WFAS

There were about 3000 delegates,from 39countries and regions,attending this confer-ence,held at Kyoto International ConferenceHall, Kyoto,Japan,20-23,Nov.,*** 407 lectures and papers in total,involv-ing therapeutic mechanism,basic theories,meridian and acupoint exploration *** ex-changed in oral presentation,video and *** the symposium,invited lectures

关键词： acupoint meridian Kyoto presentation symposium confer involv attending intro needle

A new class of HIV-1 inhibitors and the target identification via proteomic profiling

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第11期61卷 1430-1439页

作者： Ying-zi ge Bin Zhou Ruo-Xuan Xiao Xiao-Jing Yuan Hu Zhou Ye-Chun Xu Mark A.Wainberg Ying-Shan Han Jian-Min Yue State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences McGill University AIDS Centre Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Jewish General Hospital

Anti-HIV screening with the MT-4/MTT assay on a focused library of structurally diverse natural products has led to the discovery of a group of steroids with potent activities, which include four new ergostane-type steroids, named amotsterols A-D （1-4）, together with two known analogs. Among them, the most potent amotsterol D （4） exhibited anti-HIV activity against wild- type and some clinically relevant multidrug resistant HIV-I strains. Subsequent studies on its target identification through a proteomic approach found that compound 4 might target PKM2, a rate limiting enzyme ofglycolysis, in host cells to restrict HIV replication. The docking model of compound 4 to PKM2 showed that the two hydroxyl groups of 4 form hydrogen bonds with the two parallel Y390 in each subunit of PKM2 separately, and the ring C of 4 is sandwiched between the two parallel aromatic rings ofF26. The identified hit compound may have the potential to be further developed as a novel anti-HIVagent. These results demonstrated that an integrated approach, which combines new chemical structures and phenotypic screening with a proteomic approach, could not only identify novel HIV-1 inhibitors, but also elucidate the unknown targets of compound interactions in antiviral drug discovery.

关键词： ergostane-type steroids anti-HIV target identification PKM2