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Innovations in the Implementation of Polio Surveillance Enhancement Plan in Oyo State, Nigeria: Key Benefits, Lessons Learned, Challenges and Opportunities

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Health 2022年第4期14卷 442-455页

作者： Enya Bassey Bassey Walter Kazadi Mulomb Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khedr Rosemary Ifeoma Onyibe Olufunmilola Olawumi Kolude Oluwadare Marcus Oluwabukola Alawale Oluwatobi Adeoluwa Iyanda Omotunde Ogunlaja Taiwo Olabode Ladipo Maxwell Obeka Adeniyi Ayobami Adeniran Oluyinka Motunrayo Dania Olabumuyi Olubumi Olayide Oluwaseun Opeyemi Oni Moshood Babatunde Busari Faith Ehiaghe Ugba Ayobami Desmond Olatimehin gbenga stanley olayinka Abayomi Oluwasegun Ayinde Chinwe Grace Azuka Olufemi Toheeb Okuneye Ahmed Bello World Health Organization (WHO) Nigeria Country Office Abuja Nigeria Oyo State Emergency Operation Center Ministry of Health Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Nigeria attained the milestone of being certified wild poliovirus free in the year 2020. However, a drop in the key performance indicators of polio surveillance system was across various Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Oyo State. This drop highlighted the need for an innovative way of enhancing polio surveillance in Oyo State. Methods: This study was conducted in four phases and each phase utilized a cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique to select eligible LGAs and participants. LGAs that met at least two of the set-out criteria (had not reported at least a case of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) 12 months preceding the survey, with decline in AFP case detection rate, had not met AFP key indicators, are densely populated, and has an international border) were selected. A concurrent mixed method of data collection was utilized, and quantitative data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire administered using Computer Assisted Personal Interviews (CAPI) during community active case search, health facility retroactive case search (HFRACS). Qualitative data collection was done through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Surveillance intensification activities were conducted over eight weeks period. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Software;summarization was done using frequencies and percentages while presentation was done using charts and spot maps. Results: A total of 1277, 49, 259 and 632 settlements, households and health facilities respectively were visited across 24 (73%) LGAs in Oyo State. Of the 150 suspected AFP cases identified, 45 (30%) were rejected cases, 33 (22%) were missed cases and 72 (48%) were true AFP cases. Non-Polio AFP Rate (NP-AFP rate) increased from 2.7 to 6.9 (P Conclusions: Innovative strategies implemented in AFP surveillance across Oyo State have resulted in improvement in AFP surveillance performance indicators in the State. There is therefore the need for dynamic and innovative ways of condu

关键词： Polio-Surveillance-Indicators Enhancement-Plan Innovations AFP-Case-Search

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A Comparison Results of Some Analytical Solutions of Model in Double Phase Flow through Porous Media

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第4期4卷 275-284页

作者： Olaniyi Samuel Iyiola gbenga olayinka Ojo Johnson Daddy Audu Department of Mathematics and Statistics King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we consider Variational Iteration Method （VIM） and q-Homotopy Analysis Method （q-HAM） to sotve me partial differential equation resulted from Fingero Imbibition phenomena in double phase flow through porous media. We further compare the results obtained here with the solution obtained in [ 12] using Adomian Decomposition Method. Numerical results are obtained, using Mathematica 9, to show the effectiveness of these methods to our choice of problem especially for suitable values ofh and n.

关键词： Variational iteration method q-homotopy analysis method double phase flow porous media

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Fecal Metabolomes in Response to Feed Supplemented with Fermented <i>Parkia biglobosa</i>and <i>Sphenostylis stenocarpa</i>in Obese Rats

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第2期11卷 63-74页

作者： olayinka Anthony Awoyinka Tolani Rachael Funmilola Comfort Oladele Margret Olutayo Alese Elijah Olalekan Odesanmi Daisi David Ajayi gbenga Sunday Adeleye Bunmi Comfort Boyede Department of Medical Biochemistry College of Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Microbiology Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Physiology Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

The ubiquitous consumption of junk foods has drastically contributed to the exponential rise in the incidence of obesity. Hence, the present study explores the therapeutic effect of selected indigenous wild bean Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Otili) and condiment fermented Parkia biglobosa (Iru) on obese rats. The rats were fed with a high fat diet for four weeks and the gut microbiota was monitored every other day throughout the period of the experiment. Then, the fecal metabolome was analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Although there was a decrease in the mean weight of rats treated with fermented iru compared with those given Otili, it was not statistically significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The organisms identified from the fecal samples of the fermented Iru groups are Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus and Esherichia coli while those identified from the Otili group include Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter Freundii. However, further study revealed that Otili and Iru had a similar faecal metabolome. Medium chain fatty acids, such as Decanoic acid, Octanoic acid, ethyl tetradecanoate, Hexadecanoic acid, Methyl tetradecanoate, 9-Hexadecanoic acid, Hexadecnoic acid, cis-10-Hepadecanoic acid, are the most common compounds found in this study. This suggests the fact that the associated gut microbiota from breakdown of respective food samples must have actively mediated in their roles of ameliorating the effect of obesity.

关键词： Microbiota Metabolomes MCFA SCFA Obese

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Malaria Retinopathy among Under-Five Children with Severe and Uncomplicated Malaria in a Tertiary Health Institution in Southwest Nigeria: A Comparative Study

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第3期13卷 355-374页

作者： Olusoji Omotayo olayinka Philip Olayele Abiodun Tolulope Opeoluwa Jegede Ifedayo Olabisi Fasoranti Qasim Olakunle Salau Abiodun John Kareem Juliet Nnenda olayinka Evbenaye stanley Obasohan Babatunde David Babalola Adeoye Adeleke Ademuyiwa Foluwakemi Tope Ekogiawe Ikechukwu Sunday Abazu Emmanuel Olasunkanmi Babalola Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical Centre Owo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti Nigeria

Introduction: Malaria retinopathy refers to retinal abnormalities unique to malaria resulting from prolonged parasitization by Plasmodium falciparum. Identifying these features and treating them promptly could prevent lethal complications of malaria. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and compare retinal findings in severe and uncomplicated malaria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 260 subjects was equally divided into two groups of severe and uncomplicated malaria. Direct ophthalmoscopy was done at recruitment for all subjects. Information on sociodemographics, physical examination, nutritional status, and retinal abnormalities were recorded. A p-value Results: There were 141 (54.2%) males and 70 (26.9%) aged between 13 - 24 months. Severe anaemia, multiple convulsions, prostration, and cerebral malaria were the predominant forms of severe malaria. Twenty-three (17.7%) subjects with severe malaria and none with uncomplicated malaria had retinopathy. Retinal whitening (17.7%), vessel changes (16.2%), and retinal haemorrhages (5.4%) were the major forms of retinopathy. Retinopathy occurred in 43.8% of those with cerebral malaria. Retinal whitening and vessel changes were significantly associated with multiple convulsions, cerebral malaria, and metabolic acidosis;retinal haemorrhage was associated with cerebral malaria and haemoglobinuria (p = 0.022) and vessel changes with hypoglycaemia (p = 0.037). Cerebral malaria was an independent predictor of retinal whitening (p = 0.004) and vessel changes (p = 0.008) while haemoglobinuria was an independent predictor of retinal haemorrhages (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Ophthalmoscopy is an important examination in children with severe malaria which could assist in early detection and with prompt treatment, reduce morbidities and mortalities.

关键词： Children Malaria Nigeria Ophthalmoscopy Retinopathy

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