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Uncovering the Challenges of Faecal Sludge management in Benin’s Urban Hubs: The Cases of Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第7期15卷 767-780页

作者： Nikita Topanou Blaise Agbatchi Gouvidé Jean gbaguidi Jacques Fatombi Fidèle Paul Tchobo Kaba Laboratory of Chemical Research and Application (LaKReCA) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology of Natitingou University of Abomey Natitingou Bnin Laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Chemistry Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi (LERCA/EPAC/UAC) Cotonou Bnin

The issue of faecal sludge management in developing countries remains a significant challenge due to the indiscriminate discharge of sludge into the environment. This practice generates more environmental problems than it solves. This study aims to assess the management of household faecal sludge in the communes of Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou, Benin, in order to optimise the best storage conditions for subsequent more effective treatment. To this end, a sociological survey was conducted among households in Abomey-Calavi and Natitingou, as well as among manual emptiers. The results of our studies revealed that two types of latrines are used in households. 20.55% of households use traditional latrines, while 59.83% use ordinary latrines. 7.97% of households use both types of latrine. moreover, the depth of the latrines varies from 2.5 m to 7 m in Abomey-Calavi and from 2.5 m to 8 m in Natitingou. Among households with a latrine, 28.26% empty their pit at least once, while 71.74% have never emptied it. The emptying cost varies between 35,000 FCFA and 90,000 FCFA. The mixing of faecal sludge with solid waste, including plastic materials, makes emptying difficult due to the obstruction of the vacuum pump. The results obtained will serve as a reliable database to facilitate decision-making in the context of faecal sludge management.

关键词： management Faecal Sludge Valorization Benin

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Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Hotel Workers, Bohicon, Benin

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental medicine 2024年第2期12卷 130-141页

作者： mênonli Adjobimey Rose mikponhoué Eméline gbaguidi Esdras Hountohotegbè Hélène Sacca Paul Ayélo Vikkey Antoine Hinson Unité de Recherche et d&#8217Enseignement en Sant&#233 au Travail et Environnement FSS Cotonou Cotonou Benin Service de Santé au Travail du Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire de Pneumo Phtisiologie de Cotonou Cotonou Benin Laboratoire d’ Epid&#233miologie des Maladies Chroniques et Neurologiques FSS Cotonou Benin

Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the increase in several sectors of activity. The aim of the study was to determine the frequencies of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and factors associated with hypertension among hotel workers in the city of Bohicon. methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the period from December 2018 to January 2019. The variables studied were sociodemographic, occupational, anthropometric and behavioral. Participant recruitment was exhaustive. A standardized questionnaire inspired by the STEPS-WHO questionnaire was used for data collection. After the descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher’s test at the 5% threshold. Results: A total of 101 workers, 53 (52.47%) of them male, participated in the study. The mean age was 30.60 ± 8.20 years, with extremes of 18 and 55 years. The frequencies of the main risk factors were: 68.32% sitting position > 6 hours/day;38.61% shift work;21.78% high psychological demand, 82.18% low decision latitude, 24.75% low social support, 21.78% occupational stress;7 (6.93%) harmful alcohol consumption;6.93% tobacco consumption;48.51% insufficient physical activity;98.02% insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption;59.41% overweight;14.85% HTA. Factors associated with hypertension were: sex, age and marital status. Conclusion: Occupational factors need to be taken into account when assessing CVRFs. NCD control programs are needed in all sectors of activity. A larger study is needed in the hotel sector.

关键词： FDRCV Occupational Factors Hypertension Hotels Benin

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Evaluation of Agricultural Contamination Level by Heavy metals and Pesticides in Sediments of Rivers and Water Bodies for Shrimp Fishing in the Lower Ouémé: Case of the Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele Stations in Benin

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Advances in materials Physics and Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 25-46页

作者： Souradjou Orou Goura Fadéby modeste Gouissi Armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou nonvignon martial Fassinou Laboratory of Ecology Health and Animal Production (LESPA) Faculty of Agronomy (FA) University of Parakou (UP) Parakou Bénin Pluridisciplanary Research Laboratory for Technical Education (LARPET) University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Lokossa Bénin

This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri minated stations.

关键词： Pesticides Heavy metals Sediments Shrimp Fishing Area Lower Ouémé

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Chemical Characterization of Lake Togbadji

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第12期15卷 721-753页

作者： Vitalique Elegbede Dominique Kpadonou Joël Dossou-Gbete m.gloire acakpo nonvignon gbaguidi Bienvenu Olatundji Ogoudele Doctoral School of Exact and Applied Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering-Processes (GC-P) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

The present study focused on the chemical characterization of the watercourse of the Togbadji Lake wildlife ranch. The methodological approach followed is as follows: Bibliography review, Sampling campaign. The results obtained were the subject of descriptive statistics, the two-sample Wilcoxon test to determine the impact of different localities on the abundance of microbiological contaminants, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the software R version 3.5.0, in order to group the pollution parameters according to the different levels and sources of contamination. From our results, it is found that the respective average values in dry and rainy seasons for ammonium ions are 0.38 ± 0.16 mg/L and 0.22 ± 0.03 mg/L;for nitrite ions 0.20 ± 0.25 mg/L and 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/L;for nitrate ions 3.72 ± 2.52 mg/L and 7.84 ± 4.91 mg/L;for total Kjeldahl nitrogen 1.27 ± 1.44 mg/L and 1.19 ± 1.49 mg/L;for orthophosphate ions 0.20 ± 0.25 mg/L and 0.02 ± 0.01 mg/L;for total phosphorus 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/L and 0.11 ± 0.23 mg/L;the chemical oxygen demand 93.36 ± 61.73 mg/L of O2 and 89.93 ± 66.11 mg/L of O2 and the biochemical oxygen demand over 5 days 25.50 ± 18.22 mg/L of O2 and 37 ± 33.15 of O2. It emerged that the main sources of pollution in Lake Togbadji are runoff water, discharges of various wastewater from artisanal activities, livestock farming and open defecation.

关键词： Chemical Degradation Aquatic Environment Lake Togbadji

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Agricultural Contamination of the Surface Waters of the Upper Ouémé in Benin: The Case of Heavy metals and Pesticides

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 83-99页

作者： Armelle Sabine Yélignan Hounkpatin nonvignon martial Fassinou Fadéby modeste Gouissi Zoulkanerou Orou Piami Dossou Armel Géraldo Houndeton Souradjou Orou Goura Wakili Bolatito Yessoufou Tayéwo Sylvain Biaou Laboratory of Hygiene Sanitation Toxicology and Environmental Health (HECOTES) The Training Centre Interfacultaire and Environmental Research for Sustainable Development (CIFRED) of the University of Abomey (UAC) Cotonou Benin Plurildisciplinary Research Laboratory for Technical Education (LARPET) of the University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics of Abomey (UNSTIM) Lokossa Benin Laboratoire d’Ecologie de Santé et de Productions Animales (LESPA) Faculté d’Agronomie (FA) Université de Parakou (UP) Parakou Bénin

Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the degree of contamination of surface waters by heavy metals and pesticides. method: To this end, data were collected in December 2022 from four specific sampling stations: Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro. Levels of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead, were measured and subjected to in-depth statistical analysis using graphical summation models. In addition, the concentrations of pesticide active ingredients present in the samples were interpreted and evaluated. The statistical data collected during this study were processed using R software, version 3.5.0. Results: The values obtained at the different stations Okpara, Térou, Affon and Adjiro are respectively Arsenic (2 × 10-4 mg/L;2.2 × 10-1 mg/L;1.2 × 10-4 mg/L;2 × 10-4 mg/L), Cadmium (4.4 × 10-5 mg/L;1.1 × 10-2 mg/L;10-4 mg/L;4 × 10-4 mg/L). Then Copper (7 × 10-4 mg/L;3 × 10-3 mg/L;7 × 10-4 mg/L;1 × 10-4 mg/L), Iron (1.51 mg/L;6.4 × 10-1 mg/L;2.0012 mg/L;2.9 × 10-1 mg/L), Lead (0 mg/L;0 mg/L;1.5 × 10-3 mg/L;1.5 × 10-3 mg/L). mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Iron, mercury, nickel and chromium were not detected in surface waters. It is important to note that the values obtained for trace metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, nickel and lead) were all below the guideline standards set by the WHO in 2006 for uncontaminated surface waters. This indicates that the surface waters of the Upper Ouémé were below acceptable contamination thresholds in terms of heavy metals. However, the presence of pesticide active ingredients such as cyfluthrin, endosulfan-alpha, endosulfan-beta, profenosfos, tihan, atrazine, g

关键词： Agricultural Contamination Heavy metals Pesticides Surface Water North Benin

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Level of Exposure of Populations to Atmospheric Pollution in Southern Benin

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第4期12卷 160-181页

作者： Sèdami Codjo Joël Dossou-Gbete Dominique Kpadonou gbaguidi m.gloire acakpo nonvignon Vitalique Elegbede Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim Kpessou Virtus mickael Saizonou Firmin Léonce Dovonon Doctoral School of Exact and Applied Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory Department of Chemical Engineering-Processes (GC-P) Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin

This study focuses on monitoring the exposure of populations in South Benin to atmospheric pollution. Thirteen (13) monitoring points were identified where the Air quality measurements were taken using autonomous electronic devices called “Air Quality monitor”. Calibrated and turned on, the measuring device automatically determines the concentrations of carbon dioxide CO2, Total Organic Compounds, methanal (HCHO), particulate matter Pm2.5 and Pm10, temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and relative humidity (RH). Per site, air pollution levels are recorded for 5 minutes every 30 minutes from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. After the analyses, it appears that the carbon dioxide CO2 contents vary from 400 to 1444 ppm with an average of 486.80 ± 184.3 ppm, the daily contents of Total Volatile Organic Compounds from 0.01 to 6 .91 mg/m3 with a daily average of 0.36 ± 0.65 mg/m3, aldehydes from 0.005 to 3 mg/m3 with an average of 0.05 ± 0.17 mg/m3, for particulate matter of diameters less than or equal to 2.5 μm (Pm2.5) pollution levels vary between 5 and 173.8 μg/m3 with an average of 21.5 ± 17.62 μg/m3. On the other hand, for Pm10, the contents vary from 5 to 449.6 μg/m3 with an average of 28.17 ± 31.74 μg/m3, the Air Quality Index (AQI) varies from 0, 3 to 243 with an average of 39 ± 33.16. From the results observed, it appears that the south-western part of South Benin is heavily polluted by CO2, Total Volatile Organic Compounds, Pm10 and especially Pm2.5 with the city of Cotonou at its head, in particular the Red Star crossroads, the Toyota crossroads and the crossroads after the friendship stadium. The impacts of this pollution could be significant on sensitive people such as the elderly, newborns and patients with acute and chronic respiratory illnesses.

关键词： Ambient Air Quality Southern Benin Cotonou Atmospheric Pollution

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Distribution of 26 metals in the Waters of the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Cotonou Channel and Lake Nokoué, Benin

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Journal of materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 13-28页

作者： Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim acakpo nonvignon m.gloire gbaguidi Kpessou martin Vitus mickael Saizonou Léonce Firmin Dovonon Gabin Laly Abdoul Kader Alassane moussa Emmanuel Azokpota Fabienne Seby Olivier Donard Houénoukpo Henri Soclo Applied Chemistry Study and Research Laboratory (LERCA) Ecotoxicology and Quality Study Research Unit (UREEQ) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi (EPAC/UAC) Cotonou Benin Ultra Trace Analysis Aquitaine (UT2A) Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Bio-Inorganic and Environment University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) - Multidisciplinary Institute of Research on Environment and Materials (IPREM 12-UMR 5254) Pau France Applied Statistic and Biometry Study Research Laboratory FSA University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

metallic elements have various origins: natural and anthropogenic sources as geochemical, marine and atmospheric sources resulting from the fallout of pollutants emitted or dust raised and which are transported by water and air currents. Thus marine, brackish and fresh continental waters may have high metal concentrations. In addition, some essential metals can become toxic above certain concentration values in aquatic environments. The aquatic ecosystems of Cotonou channel and lake Nokoué receive the pollutants charges from the town cities of Cotonou, Abomey-Calavi and town hall of So Ava. The aim of this study is to analyze waters from Eighteen (18) stations identified in the two ecosystems (nine by ecosystem). The concentrations of magnesium (mg), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), beryllium (Be), aluminum (Al), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (mo), silver (Ag), tin (Sn), barium (Ba), platinum (Pt), mercury (Hg), thallium (Tl), lead (Pb), thorium (Th) and uranium (U) were measured after acid digestion of the water samples using the inductively coupled plasma source mass spectrometer (ICP-mS). The results of the analyses indicate an unequal distribution of metals in the different ecosystems. However, atypical concentrations were observed at some stations of the lake and the channel. magnesium, calcium and manganese have very high values in Lake Nokoué respectively at Ganvié market station GAN_m (2990 ± 105 mg/L), Ganvié center, station GAN_C (4991 ± 177 mg/L) and Lake middle station mLak4 (10662 ± 17.03 μg/L). On the other hand, iron, aluminum and strontium have very high concentrations in the Cotonou Channel respectively at Agbato station AGB (5236 ± 103 and 8289 ± 519 μg/L) and at the estuary station EST (6118 ± 68 μg/L). The concentrations were compared to wells and cborehole waters in sixth neighborhood of Cotonou. We have used statistical

关键词： metals Water mANOVA R Software Packages Nokoué Lake Cotonou Channel

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Ecology and Fish Biodiversity of man-made Lakes of Southern Benin (West Africa): Implications for Species Conservation and Fisheries management

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第6期7卷 874-894页

作者： Houehanou m. A. G. gbaguidi Alphonse Adite Edmond Sossoukpe Laboratoire d’Ecologie et de management des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (LEmEA) Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Unité de Recherches sur les Zones Humides Département de Zoologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

man-made lakes are alternative and potential habitats for biodiversity conservation, fisheries and extensive aquaculture. We investigated the ecology and the fish community structure of two (2) sand-dragged man-made lakes, Lake Ahozon and Lake Bewacodji of Southern Benin, with implications for species conservation, fisheries management and aquaculture valorization. From August 2014 to July 2015, habitats conditions were evaluated and fishes were sampled monthly with seine, cast net, experimental gill net and hooks in the open water and aquatic vegetation habitats of both lakes. Overall, the water quality of Lake Ahozon was globally favorable for the growth and the survival of the fish resources whereas Lake Bewacodji exhibited a poor water quality indicated mainly by an acid pH (mean: 6.32 ± 0.58) and low dissolved oxygen concentrations (mean: 3.52 ± 1.25 mg/l) caused by dense floating plants, Nymphea sp mainly and huge daily dumping of domestic wastes. The study revealed low species richness, d = 5.89 and d = 3.87, and low species diversity, H’ = 0.76 and H’ = 0.48 for Lakes Ahozon and Bewacodji, respectively, with Lake Ahozon more diverse than Lake Bewacodji. The fish community of Lake Ahozon comprised six (6) species, 3 cichlids Sarotherodon galilaeus, Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia guineensis, the silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Claroteidae), the African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Osteoglossidae), and the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae). Numerically, S. galilaeus dominated Lake Ahozon and made 85.21% of the sample. In Lake Bewacodji, the fish composition comprised four (4) species, Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus, the dominant species making numerically 91.58% of the total sample, T. guineensis, C. gariepinus and C. nigrodigitatus. With regard to trophic structure, the fish assemblages of both lakes were numerically dominated by planktinovores/ detritivores, mainly S. galilaeus, O. niloticus, T. guineensis and C. nigro

关键词： Conservation Diversity Domestic Wastes Fisheries Habitat Degradation management man-made Lakes Sand-Dragging Sarotherodon galilaeus

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Feeding Ecology and Establishment of the Naturally-Colonized Freshwater Cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeus (Pisces: Actinopterigii: Perciformes) from a man-made Lake, South-Benin, West Africa

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Natural Resources 2016年第6期7卷 337-355页

The freshwater cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeus (Linné, 1758) is an economically and commercially important fisheries species that has naturally colonized and dominated a sand-dragged man-made freshwater lake of Ahozon (South-Benin) where the species made about 85.21% of the fish community. We investigated the feeding ecology of S. galilaeus in order to evaluate resource exploitation and the establishment of this species in Lake Ahozon. During wet, flood and dry seasons, 1189 individuals of S. galilaeus have been monthly sampled in the open water and in the aquatic vegetation habitats. The study showed that S. galilaeus consumed about seventy (70) food items dominated by algae (52.88%) composed of 28 families and 52 genera from blue-green algae, green algae, desmids, and diatoms, sand particles (23.95%), detritus (12.27%) and protozoans (7.68%). minor preys were rotifers, copepods, cladodera, crustacea and insect parts. Foods items with higher diet occurrence were sand particles with a percentage occurrence of 72.33%, detritus (69.47%), and some algae such as Scenedesmus (58.96%), Closterium (55.68%), and microcystis (51.30%). Significant (P ≤ 0.05) ontogenetic variations of empty stomachs were recorded. S. galilaeus exhibited a wide diet breadth (DB) ranging between 5.55 and 7.29 that tended to increase with fish sizes. Diet overlaps (Øjk) varied from 0.77 to 0.97, indicating high diet similarities between different life stage categories. The slope b = 0.560 obtained from Log (body weight)-Log (gut length) linear regression, and the mean ratio of GL/SL = 6.72 ± 2.23 support our findings that S. galilaeus exhibited detritivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous food habits. The broad spectrum of food resources consumed/utilized and the high diet breadth recorded leading to allometric growth, the active breeding and the high propagation of the species, were some indicators of the successful establishment of S. galilaeus in the man-made lake of Ahozon. Sustainable fi

关键词： Algae Artificial Lake Diet Breadth Diet Similarities Ecomorphology Establishment Fisheries Foraging Grounds Tilapine Species

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蒙特卡罗不确定性分析在O_3模拟中的初步应用

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气候与环境研究 2010年第5期15卷 541-550页

作者：唐晓王自发朱江吴其重 gbaguidi Alex 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点试验室北京100029 中国科学院大气物理研究所竺可桢-南森国际中心北京100029 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

利用蒙特卡罗不确定性分析方法,分析了嵌套网格空气质量模式系统(NAQPmS/IAP)中154个模式输入变量不确定性对臭氧模拟的影响,量化了模式在北京奥运会期间臭氧模拟的不确定性,并确定出了主要不确定性因子。结果表明:(1)在奥运会期间(2008... 详细信息

利用蒙特卡罗不确定性分析方法,分析了嵌套网格空气质量模式系统(NAQPmS/IAP)中154个模式输入变量不确定性对臭氧模拟的影响,量化了模式在北京奥运会期间臭氧模拟的不确定性,并确定出了主要不确定性因子。结果表明:(1)在奥运会期间(2008年8月8日～2008年8月24日),北京城区臭氧模拟的平均不确定性为19ppb,不确定性存在明显的日变化特征,白天不确定性大,夜间不确定性小。(2)在白天,北京城区近地层臭氧模拟最重要的不确定性来源是局地前体物排放,其次是NO2光解系数、风向、北京周边前体物排放和垂直扩散系数。另外,地面约150m以上,对臭氧模拟影响最大的不确定性因子是风向和北京周边前体物排放;夜间,北京城区近地层臭氧模拟的最大不确定性来源是局地NOx排放和垂直扩散系数。

关键词：蒙特卡罗方法不确定性分析臭氧模拟北京奥运会

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