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Effect of impeller design on homogeneity, size and strength of pharmaceutical granules produced by high-shear wet granulation

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Particuology 2015年第6期13卷 31-39页

作者： Zakaria Mirza Jiangtao Liu Yoann Glocheux Ahmad B. Albadarin gavin M. walker Chirangano Mangwandi School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 SAG Northern Ireland UK Synthesis & Solid State Pharmaceuticals Center (SSPC) Department of Chemical and Environmental Science. University of Limerick Ireland

Small mixer impeller design is not tailored for granulation because impellers are intended for a wide range of processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the performances of several impellers to provide guidance on the selection and design for the purposes of granulation. Lactose granules were produced using wet granulation with water as a binder. A Kenwood KM070 mixer was used as a standard apparatus and five impeller designs with different shapes and surface areas were used. The efficacy of granulate for- mation was measured by adding an optically sensitive tracer to determine variations in active ingredient content across random samples of granules from the same size classes. It was found that impeller design influenced the homogeneity of the granules and therefore can affect final product performance. The vari- ation in active ingredient content across granules of differing size was also investigated. The results show that small granules were more potent than larger granules,

关键词： Granule strength Impeller design Homogeneity High-shear granulation Lactose monohydrate

Phosphate Glass Fibre Composites for Bone Repair

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第4期6卷 318-323页

作者： Andrew J.Parsons Ifty Ahmed Papia Haque Ben Fitzpatrick Muhammad I.K.Niazi gavin S.walker Chris D.Rudd Division of Materials Mechanics & StructuresFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

We investigate high-modulus degradable materials intended to replace metals in biomedical *** are typically composites comprising a polylactide(PLA)matrix reinforced with phosphate glass fibres,which provide reinforcement similar to E-glass but are entirely degradable in water to produce,principally,calcium *** have made composites using a variety of fibre architectures,from non-woven random mats to unidirectional fibre *** properties in the region of 30 GPa modulus and 350 MPa strength have been achieved-directly comparable to quoted values for human cortical *** collaboration with other groups we have begun to consider the development of foamed systems with structures mimicking cancellous bone and this has shown significant *** fibres in these foamed structures provide improved creep resistance and reinforcement of the pore *** date the materials have exhibited excellent cellular responses in vitro and further studies are due to include consideration of the surface character of the materials and the influence of this on cell interaction, both with the composites and the glass fibres themselves,which show promise as a standalone porous scaffold.

关键词： biocomposites phosphate glass PLA porous bone repair

Technical Design for Holistic Wireless Communication in Smart Buildings

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2018年第S1期35卷 81-87页

作者： Sean Rhys Jones Mark Gillott Rabah Boukhanouf gavin walker David Tetlow Faculty of Engineering Department of Architecture and Built EnvironmentUniversity of Nottingham

This paper presents the design of a wireless building monitoring network implemented at the University of Nottingham's Creative Energy Homes test *** network is installed in seven smart buildings with the aim of holistically collecting energy *** will be used to inform a central control algorithm to optimise the energy flows between buildings,in turn promoting the smart cities *** and meters measuring temperature,humidity,CO_2,heat energy,power,and stratified tank temperature are ***,the communication protocols utilised are also discussed,which include wireless MBus and *** paper also covers the methods used for ensuring the reliability of data signals and the system controls.

关键词： smart cities smart buildings communication network building monitoring

限域在介孔材料中的氨硼烷的催化脱氢性能和化学储氢性能(英文)

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2012年第5期51卷 580-586页

作者：夏勇德 walker gavin S 朱艳秋埃克塞特大学工程学院数理科学系英国埃克塞特EX4 4QF 诺丁汉大学工程学院能源与可持续发展部英国诺丁汉NG7 2RD

报道了同时采用催化剂和限域基体对氨硼烷(BH_3NH_3)脱氢性能的影响.结果发现,非贵金属催化剂和孔状限域基体能显著改变氨硼烷的储氢性能.填充在介孔二氧化硅中含Co催化剂的氨硼烷在75℃或90℃能释放出4%或9%纯氢,进一步用锂修饰介孔二... 详细信息

报道了同时采用催化剂和限域基体对氨硼烷(BH_3NH_3)脱氢性能的影响.结果发现,非贵金属催化剂和孔状限域基体能显著改变氨硼烷的储氢性能.填充在介孔二氧化硅中含Co催化剂的氨硼烷在75℃或90℃能释放出4%或9%纯氢,进一步用锂修饰介孔二氧化硅可使氨硼烷脱氢速度更快,但产生氢气、氨气和二硼烷的混合气.氨硼烷热分解活化能的降低导致填充在介孔二氧化硅中含催化剂的氨硼烷具有较快的动力学和热力学行为.

关键词：储氢氨硼烷催化剂介孔材料

正磷酸活化木质素吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的固定床实验和模型(英文)

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012年第3期20卷 469-477页

作者： Ahmad B.Albadarin Chirangano Mangwandi Ala'a H.Al-Muhtaseb gavin M.walker Stephen J.Allen Mohammad N.M.Ahmad School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University BelfastBelfast BT9 5AGNorthern IrelandUK Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 33Al-KhodOman Materials Surface Science Institute Department of Chemical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LimerickIreland

The advantage of using an available and abundant residual biomass,such as lignin,as a raw material for activated carbons is that it provides additional economical interest to the technical *** the current investigation,a more complete understanding of adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous systems onto H3PO4-acid activated lignin has been achieved via microcolumns,which were operated under various process *** practice of using microcolumn is appropriate for defining the adsorption parameters and for screening a large number of potential *** effects of solution pH(2-8),initial metal ion concentration(0.483-1.981 mmol·L-1),flow rate(1.0-3.1 cm3·min-1),ionic strength(0.01-0.30 mmol·L-1) and adsorbent mass(0.11-0.465 g) on Cr(VI) adsorption were studied by assessing the microcolumn breakthrough *** microcolumn data were fitted by the Thomas model,the modified Dose model and the BDST *** expected,the adsorption capacity increased with initial Cr(VI) *** linear flow rates,pH values and ionic strength led to early breakthrough of Cr(VI).The model constants obtained in this study can be used for the design of pilot scale adsorption process.

关键词：铬(VI) 固定床吸附磷酸活化木质素 Cr(Ⅵ) 建模金属离子浓度离子强度

Novel Approach to the Rapid Differentiation of Common Prunus Allergen Species by PCR Product Melt Analysis

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 920-926页

作者： gavin Nixon Laurie Hall Timothy Wilkes Michael walker Malcolm Burns Science and Innovation LGC Ltd. Teddington England

Food allergies represent a clear threat to the general health and wellbeing of those affected which place increasing pressure on food producers and regulatory authorities. Current analytical techniques typically find difficulties distinguishing between closely related Prunus species which include almond (Prunus dulcis), an EU listed allergenic species. This study describes a proof of principle real-time PCR approach utilising DNA melt analyses that targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence to differentiate between a panel of Prunus test species. The method was successfully applied to the characterisation of a commercial paprika sample suspected of having being adulterated with almond, referred to the UK Government Chemist in 2015 in its advisory capacity. Subject to further validation work, the method appears to specifically amplify Prunus species and is capable of discrimination based on the resultant melt profiles. The developed method provides analysts with a simple and broad molecular tool to identify common Prunus species for food authenticity and allergen testing purposes. Initial development work demonstrates a promising approach with the potential to improve discrimination between Prunus species not easily resolved by routine analytical methods.

关键词： Allergens Melt Analysis Prunus Speciation Real-Time PCR

Development of a Real-Time PCR Approach for the Specific Detection of Prunus mahaleb

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 703-710页

作者： Malcolm Burns Michael walker Timothy Wilkes Laurie Hall Kirstin Gray gavin Nixon Science and Innovation LGC Ltd. Teddington England

In 2015 a number of cumin spice products were withdrawn from the international market because of the suspected presence of almond, a known allergen from the Prunus genus. However, immunoassay results were unable to provide unequivocal evidence of the Prunus species present, because of significant cross-reactivity with other species within the Prunus genus. A novel real-time PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of Prunus mahaleb DNA, a species known to be capable of causing false positives in almond immunoassays. The assay was developed based on available DNA sequence information from the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region, and tested against representative species within the Prunus genus to ensure no cross-reactivity. Results showed that mahaleb DNA was detected in a cumin spice product subject to the earlier international recalls, which could not be unequivocally identified using immunoassay approaches alone. This short report details preliminary results from the application of this assay, and will be of interest to analytical laboratories involved in trace detection of ingredients in support of relevant food labelling legislation.

关键词： Prunus Almond Mahaleb Herbs and Spices Real-Time PCR

“It All Goes Back to the Services”: A Rural/Urban Comparison of Service Providers’ Perceptions of Challenges and Facilitators to Disability Services

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第10期5卷 434-440页

作者： Moya L. Alfonso Ashley walker Akrati Gupta Joseph Telfair gavin Colquit Department of Community Health Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA Department of Health and Kinesiology Georgia Southern University Statesboro GA USA

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore rural/urban differences in service providers’ perceptions of challenges and facilitators to services for children with special health care needs (CSHN) and their families in southeast Georgia. Methodology: A total of 23 individual interviews were conducted with service providers in one rural county in southeast Georgia (N = 12) and in one urban county in north central Georgia (N = 11). Interviews were based on the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs 2009-2010 survey. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and coded with the intent of identifying themes and illustrative quotes. Findings: Service providers discussed a variety of challenges to accessing services related to socioeconomic status and the transition out of the school system. Urban and rural service providers’ perceptions were similar overall, with the exception of lack of transportation and access to a variety of services in rural area. Service providers overcome challenges through identifying parents’ needs and limitations and adapting service provision. Some of the facilitators mentioned by both urban and rural service providers are availability of transportation and resources. Practical Implications: The results of this study provide public health practice and policy implications that could guide the pathways of targeted interventions to improve the access and availability of variety of services for CSHCN. Originality/value of paper: This paper represents an in-depth exploration of service provider’s perceptions of challenges and facilitators related to service provision for children with special healthcare needs.

关键词： Disability Adolescents Qualitative Access Service Service Providers

Weak mismatch epitaxy and structural feedback in graphene growth on copper foil

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Nano Research 2013年第2期6卷 99-112页

作者： Neil R. Wilson Alexander J. Marsden Mohammed Saghir Catherine J. Bromley Renald Schaub Giovanni Costantini Thomas W. White Cerianne Partridge Alexei Barinov Pavel Dudin Ana M. Sanchez James J. Mudd Marc walker gavin R. Bell Department of Physics University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews KY16 9ST UK Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK Sincrotrone Trieste S.Cp.A. Area Science Park 1-34012 Basovizza Trieste Italy

Graphene growth by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on low cost copper foils shows great promise for large scale applications. It is known that the local crystallography of the foil influences the graphene growth rate. Here we find an epitaxial relationship between graphene and copper foil. Interfacial restructuring between graphene and copper drives the formation of (n10) facets on what is otherwise a mostly Cu(100) surface, and the facets in turn influence the graphene orientations from the onset of growth. Angle resolved photoemission shows that the electronic structure of the graphene is decoupled from the copper indicating a weak interaction between them. Despite this, two preferred orientations of graphene are found, ±8° from the Cu[010] direction, creating a non-uniform distribution of graphene grain boundary misorientation angles. Comparison with the model system of graphene growth on single crystal Cu(110) indicates that this orientational alignment is due to mismatch epitaxy. Despite the differences in symmetry the orientation of the graphene is defined by that of the copper. We expect these observations to not only have importance for controlling and understanding the growth process for graphene on copper, but also to have wider implications for the growth of two-dimensional materials on low cost metal substrates.

关键词：结构调整不匹配石墨铜箔低压化学气相沉积反馈生长速率择优取向